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Versions: (draft-herbert-6man-icmp-limits) 00
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INTERNET-DRAFT T. Herbert
Intended Status: Standard Intel
Expires: April 2020
September 30, 2019
ICMPv6 errors for discarding packets due to processing limits
draft-ietf-6man-icmp-limits-07
Abstract
Network nodes may discard packets if they are unable to process
protocol headers of packets due to processing constraints or limits.
When such packets are dropped, the sender receives no indication so
it cannot take action to address the cause of discarded packets. This
specification defines several new ICMPv6 errors that can be sent by a
node that discards packets because it is unable to process the
protocol headers. A node that receives such an ICMPv6 error may be
able to modify what it sends in future packets to avoid subsequent
packet discards.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as
Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
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Copyright and License Notice
Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1 Extension header limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Aggregate header limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 ICMPv6 errors for extension header limits . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Unrecognized Next Header type encountered (code 1) . . . . . 7
2.3 Extension header too big (code TBA) . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Extension header chain too long (code TBA) . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 Too many options in extension header (code TBA) . . . . . . 7
2.6 Option too big (code TBA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 ICMPv6 error for aggregate header limits . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 Priority of reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2 Host response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5 Applicability and use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1 Nonconformant packet discard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2 Reliability of ICMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3 Processing limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3.1 Long headers and header chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3.2 At end hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3.3 At intermediate nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6 Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7 IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.1 Parameter Problem codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2 Destination Unreachable codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.3 ICMP Extension Object Classes and Class Sub-types . . . . . 15
8 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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1 Introduction
This document specifies several new ICMPv6 errors that can be sent
when a node discards a packet due to it being unable to process the
necessary protocol headers because of processing constraints or
limits. New ICMPv6 code points are defined as an update to [RFC4443].
Five of the errors are specific to processing of extension headers;
another error is used when the aggregate protocol headers in a packet
exceed the processing limits of a node.
1.1 Extension header limits
In IPv6, optional internet-layer information is carried in one or
more IPv6 Extension Headers [RFC8200]. Extension Headers are placed
between the IPv6 header and the Upper-Layer Header in a packet. The
term "Header Chain" refers collectively to the IPv6 header, Extension
Headers, and Upper-Layer Headers occurring in a packet. Individual
extension headers may have a maximum length of 2048 octets and must
fit into a single packet. Destination Options and Hop-by-Hop Options
contain a list of options in Type-length-value (TLV) format. Each
option includes a length of the data field in octets: the minimum
size of an option (non-pad type) is two octets and the maximum size
is 257 octets. The number of options in an extension header is only
limited by the length of the extension header and the Path MTU from
the source to the destination. Options may be skipped over by a
receiver if they are unknown and the Option Type indicates to skip
(first two high order bits are 00).
Per [RFC8200], except for Hop by Hop options, extension headers are
not examined or processed by intermediate nodes. Many intermediate
nodes, however, do examine extension header for various purposes. For
instance, a node may examine all extension headers to locate the
transport header of a packet in order to implement transport layer
filtering or to track connections to implement a stateful firewall.
Destination hosts are expected to process all extension headers and
options in Hop-by-Hop and Destination Options.
Due to the variable lengths, high maximum lengths, or potential for
Denial of Service attack of extension headers, many devices impose
operational limits on extension headers in packets they process.
[RFC7045] discusses the requirements of intermediate nodes that
discard packets because of unrecognized extension headers. [RFC8504]
discusses limits that may be applied to the number of options in Hop-
by-Hop Options or Destination Options extension headers. Both
intermediate nodes and end hosts may apply limits to extension header
processing. When a limit is exceeded, the typical behavior is to
silently discard the packet.
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This specification defines four Parameter Problem codes and extends
the applicably of an existing code that may be sent by a node that
discards a packet due to processing limits of extension headers being
exceeded. A source host that receives an ICMPv6 error may modify its
use of extension headers in subsequent packets sent to the
destination in order to avoid further occurrences of packets being
discarded.
1.2 Aggregate header limits
Some hardware devices implement a parsing buffer of a fixed size to
process packets. The parsing buffer is expected to contain all the
headers (often up to a transport layer header for filtering) that a
device needs to examine. If the aggregate length of headers in a
packet exceeds the size of the parsing buffer, a device will either
discard the packet or defer processing to a software slow path. In
any case, no indication of a problem is sent back to the sender.
This document defines one code for ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable
that is sent by a node that is unable to process the headers of a
packet due to the aggregate size of the packet headers exceeding a
processing limit. A source host that receives an ICMPv6 error can
modify the headers used in subsequent packets to try to avoid further
occurrences of packets being discarded or relegated to a slow path.
1.3 Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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2 ICMPv6 errors for extension header limits
Four new codes are defined for the Parameter Problem type and
applicability of one existing code is extended for ICMPv6 errors for
extension header limits.
2.1 Format
The format of the ICMPv6 Parameter Problem message [RFC4443] for an
extension header limit exceeded error is:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Code | Checksum |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Pointer |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| As much of invoking packet |
+ as possible without the ICMPv6 packet +
| exceeding the minimum IPv6 MTU [RFC8200] |
IPv6 Fields:
Destination Address
Copied from the Source Address field of the invoking packet.
ICMPv6 Fields:
Type
4 (Parameter Problem type)
Code (pertinent to this specification)
1 - Unrecognized Next Header type encountered
TBA - Extension header too big
TBA - Extension header chain too long
TBA - Too many options in extension header
TBA - Option too big
Pointer
Identifies the octet offset within the invoking packet where
the problem occurred.
The pointer will point beyond the end of the ICMPv6 packet if
the field having a problem is beyond what can fit in the
maximum size of an ICMPv6 error message.
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2.2 Unrecognized Next Header type encountered (code 1)
[RFC8200] specifies that a destination host should send an
"unrecognized next header type" when a Next Header value is
unrecognized in a packet. This document extends this to allow
intermediate nodes to send this same error for a packet that is
discarded because the node does not recognize a Next Header type.
This code SHOULD be sent by an intermediate node that discards a
packet because it encounters a Next Header type that is unknown in
its examination. The ICMPv6 Pointer field is set to the offset of the
unrecognized next header value within the original packet.
Note that when the original sender receives the ICMPv6 error it can
differentiate between the message being sent by a destination host,
per [RFC4443], and an error sent by an intermediate host based on
matching the source address of the ICMPv6 packet and the destination
address of the packet in the ICMPv6 data.
2.3 Extension header too big (code TBA)
An ICMPv6 Parameter Problem with code for "extension header too big"
SHOULD be sent when a node discards a packet because the size of an
extension header exceeds its processing limit. The ICMPv6 Pointer
field is set to the offset of the first octet in the extension header
that exceeds the limit.
2.4 Extension header chain too long (code TBA)
An ICMPv6 Parameter Problem with code for "extension header chain too
long" SHOULD be sent when a node discards a packet with an extension
header chain that exceeds its processing limits.
There are two different limits that might be applied: a limit on the
total size in octets of the header chain, and a limit on the number
of extension headers in the chain. This error code is used in both
cases. In the case that the size limit is exceeded, the ICMPv6
Pointer is set to first octet beyond the limit. In the case that the
number of extension headers is exceeded, the ICMPv6 Pointer is set to
the offset of first octet of the first extension header that is
beyond the limit.
2.5 Too many options in extension header (code TBA)
An ICMPv6 Parameter Problem with code for "too many options in
extension header" SHOULD be sent when a node discards a packet with
an extension header that has a number of options that exceed the
processing limits of the node. This code is applicable for
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Destination options and Hop-by-Hop options. The ICMPv6 Pointer field
is set to the first octet of the first option that exceeds the limit.
2.6 Option too big (code TBA)
An ICMPv6 Parameter Problem with code for "option too big" is sent in
two different cases: when the length of an individual Hop-by-Hop or
Destination option exceeds a limit, or when the length or number of
consecutive Hop-by-Hop or Destination padding options exceeds a
limit. In the case that the length of an option exceeds a processing
limit, the ICMPv6 Pointer field is set to the offset of the first
octet of the option that exceeds the limit. In the cases that the
length or number of padding options exceeds a limit, the ICMPv6
Pointer field is set to the offset of first octet of the padding
option that exceeds the limit.
Possible limits related to padding include:
* The number of consecutive PAD1 options in destination options or
hop-by-hop options is limited to seven octets [RFC8504].
* The length of a PADN options in destination options or hop-by-
hop options is limited seven octets [RFC8504].
* The aggregate length of a set of consecutive PAD1 or PADN
options in destination options or hop-by-hop options is limited
to seven octets.
3 ICMPv6 error for aggregate header limits
One code is defined for Destination Unreachable type for aggregate
header limits.
3.1 Format
The error for aggregate header limits employs a multi-part ICMPv6
message format as defined in [RFC4884]. An ICMP extension structure
contains one ICMP extension object which contains a Pointer field.
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The format of the ICMPv6 message for an aggregate header limit
exceeded is:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+\
| Type | Code | Checksum | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ I
| Length | Unused | C
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ M
| Invoking Packet | P
~ As much of invoking packet as possible without the ~ |
| ICMPv6 packet exceeding the minimum IPv6 MTU [RFC8200] |/
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+/
|Version| Reserved | Checksum |\
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ E
| Length | Class-Num | C-Type | X
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ T
| Pointer | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+/
IPv6 Fields:
Destination Address
Copied from the Source Address field of the invoking packet.
ICMPv6 Fields:
Type
1 - Destination Unreachable type
Code (pertinent to this specification)
TBA - Headers too long
Length
Length of the padded Invoking Packet measured in 64-bit words.
The ICMP extension structure immediately follows the padded
Invoking Packet.
Invoking Packet
Contains as much of invoking packet as possible without the
ICMPv6 packet exceeding the minimum IPv6 MTU. The Invoking
Packet MUST be zero padded to the nearest 64-bit boundary
[RFC4884]. If the original invoking packet did not contain 128
octets, the Invoking Packet MUST be zero padded to 128 octets.
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ICMP Extension Fields:
Version
2 - per [RFC4884]
Reserved
0
Checksum
The one's complement checksum of the ICMP extension [RFC4884]
Length
8 - length of the object header and Pointer field
Class-Num
TBA - Extended Information class
C-Type
TBA - Pointer sub-type
Pointer
Identifies the octet offset within the invoking packet where a
limit was exceeded.
The pointer will point beyond the end of the Invoking Packet if
the field exceeding the limit is beyond what can fit in the
maximum size of an ICMPv6 error message with the ICMP
extension.
3.2 Usage
An ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable error with code for "headers
too long" SHOULD be sent when a node discards a packet because
the aggregate length of headers in the packet exceeds the
processing limits of the node. The Pointer in the extended
ICMPv6 structure is set to the offset of the first octet that
exceeds the limit.
This error is sent in response to a node dropping a packet
because the aggregate header chain exceeds the processing
limits of a node. The aggregate header chain may be composed of
protocol headers other than an IPv6 header and IPv6 extension
headers. For instance, in the case of a node parsing a UDP
encapsulation protocol, the encapsulating UDP header would be
considered to be in the aggregate header chain.
As noted in section 4.1, the ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable
error with code for "headers too long" has the lowest
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precedence of the ICMP errors discussed in this specification.
If a packet contains an error corresponding to a Parameter
Problem code then a node SHOULD send the Parameter Problem
error instead of sending the ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable
error with code for "headers too long".
4 Operation
Nodes that send or receive ICMPv6 errors due to header
processing limits MUST comply with ICMPv6 processing as
specified in [RFC4443].
4.1 Priority of reporting
More than one ICMPv6 error may be applicable to report for a
packet. For instance, the number of extension headers in a
packet might exceed a limit and the aggregate length of
protocol headers might also exceed a limit. Only one ICMPv6
error SHOULD be sent for a packet, so a priority is defined to
determine which error to report.
The RECOMMENDED reporting priority of ICMPv6 errors for
processing limits is from highest to lowest priority:
1) Real error (existing codes)
2) "Unrecognized Next Header type" encountered by an intermediate
node
3) "Extension header too big"
4) "Option too big" for length or number of consecutive padding
options exceeding a limit
5) "Option too big" for the length of an option exceeding a limit
6) "Too many options in an extension header"
7) "Extension header chain too long" for number of extension
headers exceeding a limit
8) "Extension header chain too long" for size of an extension
header chain exceeding a limit
9) "Headers too long"
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4.2 Host response
When a source host receives an ICMPv6 error for a processing limit
being exceeded, it SHOULD verify the ICMPv6 error is valid and take
appropriate action as suggested below.
The general validations for ICMP as described in [RFC4443] are
applicable. The packet in the ICMP data SHOULD be validated to match
the upper layer process or connection that generated the original
packet. Other validation checks that are specific to the upper layers
may be performed and are out of the scope of this specification.
The ICMPv6 error SHOULD be logged with sufficient detail for
debugging packet loss. The details of the error, including the
addresses and the offending extension header or data, should be
retained. This, for instance, would be useful for debugging when a
node is mis-configured and unexpectedly discarding packets, or when a
new extension header is being deployed.
A host MAY modify its usage of protocol headers in subsequent packets
to avoid repeated occurrences of the same error.
For ICMPv6 errors caused by extension header limits being exceeded:
* An error SHOULD be reported to an application if the application
enabled extension headers for its traffic. In response, the
application may terminate communications if extension headers
are required, stop using extension headers in packets to the
destination indicated by the ICMPv6 error, or attempt to modify
its use of extension headers or headers to avoid further packet
discards.
* A host system SHOULD take appropriate action if it is creating
packets with extension headers on behalf of the application. If
the offending extension header is not required for
communication, the host may either stop sending it or otherwise
modify its use in subsequent packets sent to the destination
indicated in the ICMPv6 error.
5 Applicability and use cases
5.1 Nonconformant packet discard
The ICMP errors defined in this specification may be applicable to
scenarios for which a node is dropping packets outside the auspices
of any standard specification. For instance, an intermediate node
might send a "Headers too long" code in the case that it drops a
packet because it is unable to parse deep enough to extract transport
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layer information needed for packet filtering. Such behavior might be
considered nonconformant (with respect to [RFC8200] for instance).
This specification does not advocate behaviors that might be
considered nonconformant. However, packet discard does occur in real
deployments and the intent of this specification is provide
visibility as to why packets are being discarded. In the spirit that
providing some reason is better than silent drop, this specification
RECOMMENDS the sending of ICMP errors even in cases where a node
might be discarding packets per a nonconformant behavior.
5.2 Reliability of ICMP
ICMP is fundamentally an unreliable protocol and in real deployment
it may consistently fail over some paths. As with any other use of
ICMP, it is assumed that the errors defined in this document are only
best effort to be delivered. No protocol should be implemented that
relies on reliable delivery of ICMP messages. If necessary,
alternative or additional mechanisms may used to augment the
processes used to to deduce the reason that packets are being
discarded. Such alternative mechanisms are out of scope of this
specification.
5.3 Processing limits
This section discusses the trends and motivations of processing
limits that warrant ICMP errors.
5.3.1 Long headers and header chains
The trend towards longer and more complex headers and header chains
needing to be processed by end nodes, as well as intermediate nodes,
is driven by:
* Increasing prevalence of deep packet inspection in middleboxes.
In particular, many intermediate nodes now parse network layer
encapsulation protocols or transport layer protocols.
* Deployment of routing headers. For instance, [SRH] defines an
extension header format that includes a list of IPv6 addresses
which may consume a considerable number of bytes.
* Development of In-situ OAM headers that allow a rich set of
measurements to be gathered in the data path at the cost of
additional header overhead which may be significant [IOAM].
* Other emerging use cases of Hop-by-Hop and Destination options.
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5.3.2 At end hosts
End hosts may implement limits on processing extension headers as
described in [RFC8504]. Host implementations are usually software
stacks that typically don't have inherent processing limitations.
Limits imposed by a software stack are more likely to be for denial
of service mitigation or performance.
5.3.3 At intermediate nodes
Hardware devices that process packet headers may have limits as to
how many headers or bytes of headers they can process. For instance,
a middlebox hardware implementation might have a parsing buffer that
contains some number of bytes of packet headers to process. Parsing
buffers typically have a fixed size such as sixty-four, 128, or 256
bytes. In addition, hardware implementations (and some software
implementations) often don't have loop constructs. Processing of a
TLV list might be implemented as an unrolled loop so that the number
of TLVs that can be processed is limited.
6 Security Considerations
The security considerations for ICMPv6 described in [RFC4443] are
applicable. The ICMP errors described in this document MAY be
filtered by firewalls in accordance with [RFC4890].
In some circumstances, the sending of ICMP errors might conceptually
be exploited for denial of service attack or as a means to covertly
deduce processing capabilities of nodes. As such, an implementation
SHOULD allow configurable policy to withhold sending of the ICMP
errors described in this specification in environments where security
of ICMP errors is a concern.
7 IANA Considerations
7.1 Parameter Problem codes
IANA is requested to assign the following codes for ICMPv6 type 4
"Parameter Problem" [IANA-ICMPV6]:
* Extension header too big
* Extension header chain too long
* Too many options in extension header
* Option too big
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7.2 Destination Unreachable codes
IANA is requested to assign the following code for ICMPv6 type 1
"Destination Unreachable" [IANA-ICMPV6]:
* Headers too long
7.3 ICMP Extension Object Classes and Class Sub-types
IANA is requested to assign the following Class value in the "ICMP
Extension Object Classes and Class Sub-types" registry [IANA-
ICMPEXT]:
* Extended information
IANA is requested to assign the following Sub-type within the
aforementioned "Extended information" ICMP extension object class:
* Pointer
8 Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Ron Bonica, Bob Hinden, Nick Hilliard,
Michael Richardson, Mark Smith, Suresh Krishnan, and Ole Tran for
their comments and suggestions that improved this document.
9 References
9.1 Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI
10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4443] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol
Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 4443, DOI
10.17487/RFC4443, March 2006, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc4443>.
[RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200, DOI
10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
[RFC7045] Carpenter, B. and S. Jiang, "Transmission and Processing of
IPv6 Extension Headers", RFC 7045, DOI 10.17487/RFC7045,
December 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7045>.
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[RFC4884] Bonica, R., Gan, D., Tappan, D., and C. Pignataro,
"Extended ICMP to Support Multi-Part Messages", RFC 4884,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4884, April 2007, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc4884>.
[IANA-ICMPV6] "Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6)
Parameters", <https://www.iana.org/assignments/icmpv6-
parameters/icmpv6-parameters.xhtml#icmpv6-parameters-codes-
2>
[IANA-ICMPEXT] ICMP Extension Object Classes and Class Sub-types,
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters/icmp-
parameters.xhtml#icmp-parameters-ext-classes>
9.2 Informative References
[RFC8504] Chown, T., Loughney, J., and T. Winters, "IPv6 Node
Requirements", BCP 220, RFC 8504, DOI 10.17487/RFC8504,
January 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8504>.
[RFC4890] Davies, E. and J. Mohacsi, "Recommendations for Filtering
ICMPv6 Messages in Firewalls", RFC 4890, DOI
10.17487/RFC4890, May 2007, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc4890>.
[SRH] Filsfils, C., Ed.. Dukes, D., Ed., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
Matsushima, S., Voyer, D., "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
(SRH)", draft-ietf-6man-segment-routing-header-23,
September 2019.
[IOAM] Bhandari, S., Brockners, F., Pignataro, C., Gredler, H.,
Leddy, J., Youell, S., Mizrahi, T., Kfir, A., Gafni, B.,
Lpaukhov, P., Spiegel, M., Krishnan, S., Asati, R., "In-
situ OAM IPv6 Options", draft-ioametal-ippm-6man-ioam-ipv6-
options-02, March 2018
Author's Address
Tom Herbert
Intel
Santa Clara, CA
USA
Email: tom@quantonium.net
T. Herbert Expires April 2, 2020 [Page 16]
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