[Docs] [txt|pdf] [Tracker] [WG] [Email] [Diff1] [Diff2] [Nits]
Versions: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 RFC 4427
CCAMP Working Group CCAMP GMPLS P&R Design Team
Internet Draft
Category: Standard Track Eric Mannie (Editor)
Expiration Date: June 2004 Dimitri Papadimitriou (Editor)
January 2004
Recovery (Protection and Restoration) Terminology for GMPLS
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
For potential updates to the above required-text see:
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt
1. Abstract
This document defines a common terminology for Generalized Multi-
Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) based recovery mechanisms (i.e.
protection and restoration) that are under consideration by the
CCAMP Working Group. The proposed terminology is intended to be
independent of the underlying transport technologies covered by
GMPLS.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al. 1
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
2. Contributors
This document is the result of the CCAMP Working Group Protection
and Restoration design team joint effort. The following are the
authors that contributed to the present memo:
Deborah Brungard (AT&T)
Rm. D1-3C22 - 200 S. Laurel Ave.
Middletown, NJ 07748, USA
E-mail: dbrungard@att.com
Sudheer Dharanikota (Consult)
E-mail: sudheer@ieee.org
Jonathan P. Lang (Rincon Networks)
E-mail: jplang@ieee.org
Guangzhi Li (AT&T)
180 Park Avenue,
Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA
E-mail: gli@research.att.com
Eric Mannie (Consult)
Email: eric_mannie@hotmail.com
Dimitri Papadimitriou (Alcatel)
Fr. Wellesplein, 1
B-2018, Antwerpen, Belgium
Email: dimitri.papadimitriou@alcatel.be
Bala Rajagopalan (Tellium)
2 Crescent Place - P.O. Box 901
Oceanport, NJ 07757-0901, USA
E-mail: braja@tellium.com
Yakov Rekhter (Juniper)
1194 N. Mathilda Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
E-mail: yakov@juniper.net
3. Introduction
This document defines a common terminology for Generalized MPLS
(GMPLS) based recovery mechanisms (i.e. protection and restoration)
that are under consideration by the CCAMP Working Group.
The terminology proposed in this document is intended to be
independent of the underlying transport technologies and borrows
from an ITU-T ongoing effort, the Draft Recommendation [G.808.1]
(ex. G.GPS - Generic Protection Switching) and from the G.841 ITU-T
Recommendation. The restoration terminology and concepts have been
gathered from numerous sources including IETF drafts.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 2
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
In the context of this document we will use the term "recovery" to
denote both protection and restoration. The specific terms
"protection" and "restoration" will only be used when
differentiation is required.
Note that this document focuses on the terminology for the recovery
of LSPs controlled by a GMPLS control plane. We focus on end-to-end,
segment and span (i.e. link) LSP recovery. Terminology for control
plane recovery is not in the scope of this document.
Protection and restoration of switched LSPs under tight time
constraints is a challenging problem. This is particularly relevant
to optical networks that consist of TDM and/or all-optical
(photonic) cross-connects referred to as GMPLS nodes (or simply
nodes, or even sometimes "LSRs") connected in a general topology
[GMPLS-ARCH].
Recovery typically involves the activation of a recovery (or
alternate) LSP when a failure is encountered in the working (or
primary) LSP.
A working or recovery LSP is characterized by an ingress interface,
an egress interface, and a set of intermediate nodes and spans
through which the LSP is routed. The working and recovery LSPs are
typically resource disjoint (e.g. node and/or span disjoint). This
ensures that a single failure will not affect both the working and
recovery LSPs.
A bi-directional span between neighboring nodes is usually realized
as a pair of unidirectional spans. The end-to-end path for a bi-
directional LSP therefore consists of a series of bi-directional
segments (i.e. Sub-Network Connections, or SNCs, in the ITU-T
terminology) between the source and destination nodes, traversing
intermediate nodes.
Conventions used in this document:
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [1].
4. Recovery Terminology Common to Protection and Restoration
This section defines the following general terms common to both
protection and restoration (i.e. recovery). In addition, most of
these terms apply to end-to-end, segment and span LSP recovery. Note
that span recovery does not protect the nodes at each end of the
span, otherwise end-to-end or segment LSP recovery should be used.
The terminology and the definitions have been originally taken from
G.808.1. However, for generalization, the following language that is
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 3
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
not directly related to recovery has been adapted to GMPLS and the
common IETF terminology:
An LSP is used as a generic term to designate either an SNC (Sub-
Network Connection) or an NC (Network Connection) in ITU-T
terminology. The ITU-T uses the term transport entity to designate
either a link, an SNC or an NC. The term "Traffic" is used instead
of "Traffic Signal". The term protection or restoration "scheme" is
used instead of protection or restoration "architecture".
The reader is invited to read G.841 and G.808.1 for references to
SDH protection and ITU-T generic protection terminology. Note that
restoration is not in the scope of G.808.1.
4.1 Working and Recovery LSP/Span
A working LSP/span is an LSP/span transporting "normal" user
traffic. A recovery LSP/span is an LSP/span used to transport
"normal" user traffic when the working LSP/span fails. Additionally,
the recovery LSP/span may transport "extra" user traffic (i.e. pre-
emptable traffic) when normal traffic is carried over the working
LSP/span.
4.2 Traffic Types
The different types of traffic that can be transported over an
LSP/span in the context of this document are defined hereafter:
A. Normal traffic:
User traffic that may be protected by two alternative LSPs/spans
(the working and recovery LSPs/spans).
B. Extra traffic:
User traffic carried over recovery resources (e.g. a recovery
LSP/span) when these resources are not being used for the recovery
of normal traffic; i.e. when the recovery resources are in standby
mode. When the recovery resources are required to recover normal
traffic from the failed working LSP/span, the extra traffic is pre-
empted. Extra traffic is not protected by definition, but may be
restored.
C. Null traffic:
Traffic carried over the recovery LSP/span if it is not used to
carry normal or extra traffic. Null traffic can be any kind of
traffic that conforms to the signal structure of the specific layer,
and it is ignored (not selected) at the egress of the recovery
LSP/span.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 4
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
4.3 LSP/Span Protection and Restoration
The following subtle distinction is generally made between the terms
"protection" and "restoration", even though these terms are often
used interchangeably [TEWG].
The distinction between protection and restoration is made based on
the resource allocation done during the recovery LSP/span
establishment. The distinction between different types of
restoration is made based on the level of route computation,
signaling and resource allocation done during the restoration
LSP/span establishment.
A. LSP/Span Protection
LSP/span protection denotes the paradigm whereby one or more
dedicated protection LSP(s)/span(s) is/are fully established to
protect one ore more working LSP(s)/span(s).
For a protection LSP, this implies that route computation took
place, that the LSP was fully signaled all the way and that its
resources were fully selected (i.e. allocated) and cross-connected
between the ingress and egress nodes.
For a protection span, this implies that the span has been selected
and reserved for protection.
Indeed, it means that no signaling takes place to establish the
protecting LSP/span when a failure occurs. However, various other
kinds of signaling may take place between the ingress and egress
nodes for fault notification, to synchronize their use of the
protecting LSP/span, for reversion, etc.
B. LSP/Span Restoration
LSP/span restoration denotes the paradigm whereby some restoration
resources may be pre-computed, signaled and selected a priori, but
not cross-connected to restore a working LSP/span. The complete
establishment of the restoration LSP/span occurs only after a
failure of the working LSP/span, and requires some additional
signaling.
Both protection and restoration require signaling. Signaling to
establish the recovery resources and signaling associated with the
use of the recovery LSP(s)/span(s) are needed.
4.4 Recovery Scope
Recovery can be applied at various levels throughout the network. An
LSP may be subject to local (span), segment, and/or end-to-end
recovery.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 5
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
Local (span) recovery refers to the recovery of an LSP over a link
between two nodes.
End-to-end recovery refers to the recovery of an entire LSP from its
source (ingress node end-point) to its destination (egress node end-
point).
Segment recovery refers to the recovery over a portion of the
network of a segment LSP (i.e. an SNC in the ITU-T terminology) of
an end-to-end LSP. Such recovery protects against span and/or node
failure over a particular portion of the network traversed by an
end-to-end LSP.
4.5 Recovery Domain
A recovery domain is defined as a set of nodes and spans over which
one or more recovery schemes are provided. A recovery domain served
by one single recovery scheme is referred to as a "single recovery
domain", while a recovery domain served by multiple recovery schemes
is referred to as a "multi recovery domain".
The recovery operation is contained within the recovery domain. A
GMPLS recovery domain must be entirely contained within a GMPLS
domain. A GMPLS domain may contain multiple recovery domains.
4.6 Recovery Types
The different recovery types can be classified depending on the
number of recovery LSPs/spans that are protecting a given number of
working LSPs/spans. The definitions given hereafter are from the
point of view of a working LSP/span that needs to be protected by a
recovery scheme.
A. 1+1 type: dedicated protection
One dedicated protection LSP/span protects exactly one working
LSP/span and the normal traffic is permanently duplicated at the
ingress node on both the working and protection LSPs/spans. No extra
traffic can be carried over the protection LSP/span.
This type is applicable to LSP/span protection, but not to LSP/span
restoration.
B. 0:1 type: unprotected
No specific recovery LSP/span protects the working LSP/span.
However, the working LSP/span can potentially be restored through
any alternate available route/span, with or without any pre-computed
restoration route. Note that there are no resources pre-established
for this recovery type.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 6
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
This type is applicable to LSP/span restoration, but not to LSP/span
protection. Span restoration can be for instance achieved by moving
all the LSPs transported over of a failed span to a dynamically
selected span.
C. 1:1 type: dedicated recovery with extra traffic
One specific recovery LSP/span protects exactly one specific working
LSP/span but the normal traffic is transmitted only over one LSP
(working or recovery) at a time. Extra traffic can be transported
using the recovery LSP/span resources.
This type is applicable to LSP/span protection and LSP restoration,
but not to span restoration.
D. 1:N (N > 1) type: shared recovery with extra traffic
A specific recovery LSP/span is dedicated to the protection of up to
N working LSPs/spans. The set of working LSPs/spans is explicitly
identified. Extra traffic can be transported over the recovery
LSP/span. All these LSPs/spans must start and end at the same nodes.
Sometimes, the working LSPs/spans are assumed to be resource
disjoint in the network so that they do not share any failure
probability, but this is not mandatory. Obviously, if more than one
working LSP/span in the set of N are affected by some failure(s) at
the same time, the traffic on only one of these failed LSPs/spans
may be recovered over the recovery LSP/span. Note that N can be
arbitrarily large (i.e. infinite). The choice of N is a policy
decision.
This type is applicable to LSP/span protection and LSP restoration,
but not to span restoration.
Note: a shared recovery where each recovery resource can be shared
by a maximum of X LSPs/spans is not defined as a recovery type but
as a recovery scheme. The choice of X is a network resource
management policy decision.
E. M:N (M, N > 1; M =< N) type:
A set of M specific recovery LSPs/spans protects a set of up to N
specific working LSPs/spans. The two sets are explicitly identified.
Extra traffic can be transported over the M recovery LSPs/spans when
available. All the LSPs/spans must start and end at the same nodes.
Sometimes, the working LSPs/spans are assumed to be resource
disjoint in the network so that they do not share any failure
probability, but this is not mandatory. Obviously, if several
working LSPs/spans in the set of N are concurrently affected by some
failure(s), the traffic on only M of these failed LSPs/spans may be
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 7
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
recovered. Note that N can be arbitrarily large (i.e. infinite). The
choice of N and M is a policy decision.
This type is applicable to LSP/span protection and LSP restoration,
but not to span restoration.
4.7 Bridge Types
A bridge is the function that connects the normal traffic and extra
traffic to the working and recovery LSP/span.
A. Permanent bridge
Under a 1+1 type, the bridge connects the normal traffic to both the
working and protection LSPs/spans. This type of bridge is not
applicable to restoration types. There is of course no extra traffic
connected to the recovery LSP/span.
B. Broadcast bridge
For 1:N and M:N types, the bridge permanently connects the normal
traffic to the working LSP/span. In the event of recovery switching,
the normal traffic is additionally connected to the recovery
LSP/span. Extra traffic is either not connected or connected to the
recovery LSP/span.
C. Selector bridge
For 1:N and M:N types, the bridge connects the normal traffic to
either the working or the recovery LSP/span. Extra traffic is either
not connected or connected to the recovery LSP/span.
4.8 Selector Types
A selector is the function that extracts the normal traffic either
from the working or the recovery LSP/span. Extra traffic is either
extracted from the recovery LSP/span, or is not extracted.
A. Selective selector
Is a selector that extracts the normal traffic from either the
working LSP/span output or the recovery LSP/span output.
B. Merging selector
For 1:N and M:N protection types, the selector permanently extracts
the normal traffic from both the working and recovery LSP/span
outputs. This alternative works only in combination with a selector
bridge.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 8
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
4.9 Recovery GMPLS Nodes
This section defines the GMPLS nodes involved during recovery.
A. Ingress GMPLS node of an end-to-end LSP/segment LSP/span
The ingress node of an end-to-end LSP/segment LSP/span is where the
normal traffic may be bridged to the recovery end-to-end LSP/segment
LSP/span. Also known as source node in the ITU-T terminology.
B. Egress GMPLS node of an end-to-end LSP/segment LSP/span
The egress node of an end-to-end LSP/segment LSP/span is where the
normal traffic may be selected from either the working or the
recovery end-to-end LSP/segment LSP/span. Also known as sink node in
the ITU-T terminology.
C. Intermediate GMPLS node of an end-to-end LSP/segment LSP
A node along either the working or recovery end-to-end LSP/segment
LSP route between the corresponding ingress and egress nodes. Also
known as intermediate node in the ITU-T terminology.
4.10 Switching Mechanism
A switch is an action that can be performed at both the bridge and
the selector. This action is as follows:
A. For the selector:
The action of selecting normal traffic from the recovery LSP/span
rather than from the working LSP/span.
B. For the bridge:
In case of permanent connection to the working LSP/span, the action
of connecting or disconnecting the normal traffic to the recovery
LSP/span. In case of non-permanent connection to the working
LSP/span, the action of connecting the normal traffic to the
recovery LSP/span.
4.11 Reversion operations
A revertive recovery operation refers to a recovery switching
operation, where the traffic returns to (or remains on) the working
LSP/span if the switch requests are terminated; i.e. when the
working LSP/span has recovered from the failure.
Therefore a non-revertive recovery switching operation is when the
traffic does not return to the working LSP/span if the switch
requests are terminated.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 9
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
4.12 Failure Reporting
This section gives (for information) several signal types commonly
used in transport planes to report a failure condition. Note that
fault reporting may require additional signaling mechanisms.
A. Signal Degrade (SD): a signal indicating that the associated data
has degraded.
B. Signal Fail (SF): a signal indicating that the associated data
has failed.
C. Signal Degrade Group (SDG): a signal indicating that the
associated group data has degraded.
D. Signal Fail Group (SFG): a signal indicating that the associated
group has failed.
Note: SDG and SFG definitions are under discussion at the ITU-T.
4.13 External commands
This section defines several external commands, typically issued by
an operator through the NMS/EMS, which can be used to influence or
command the recovery schemes.
A. Lockout of recovery LSP/span:
A configuration action initiated externally that results in the
recovery LSP/span being temporarily unavailable to transport traffic
(either normal or extra traffic).
B. Lockout of normal traffic:
A configuration action initiated externally that results in the
normal traffic being temporarily not allowed to be routed over its
recovery LSP/span.
C. Freeze:
A configuration action initiated externally that prevents any switch
action to be taken, and as such freezes the current state.
D. Forced switch for normal traffic:
A switch action initiated externally that switches normal traffic to
the recovery LSP/span, unless an equal or higher priority switch
command is in effect.
E. Manual switch for normal traffic:
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 10
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
A switch action initiated externally that switches normal traffic to
the recovery LSP/span, unless a fault condition exists on other
LSPs/spans (including the recovery LSP/span) or an equal or higher
priority switch command is in effect.
F. Manual switch for recovery LSP/span:
A switch action initiated externally that switches normal traffic to
the working LSP/span, unless a fault condition exists on the working
LSP/span or an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect.
G. Clear:
An action initiated externally that clears the active external
command.
4.14 Unidirectional versus Bi-Directional Recovery Switching
A. Unidirectional recovery switching:
A recovery switching mode in which, for a unidirectional fault (i.e.
a fault affecting only one direction of transmission), only the
normal traffic transported in the affected direction (of the LSP or
span) is switched to the recovery LSP/span.
B. Bi-directional recovery switching:
A recovery switching mode in which, for a unidirectional fault, the
normal traffic in both directions (of the LSP or span), including
the affected direction and the unaffected direction, are switched to
the recovery LSP/span.
4.15 Full versus Partial Span Recovery Switching
Bulk LSP recovery is initiated upon reception on either span failure
notification or bulk failure notification of the S LSPs carried by
this span. In either case, the corresponding recovery switching
actions are performed at the LSP level such that the ratio between
the number of recovery switching messages and the number of
recovered LSP (in one given direction) is minimized. If this ratio
equals 1, one refers to full span recovery, otherwise, if this ratio
is greater than 1 one refers to partial span recovery.
A. Full Span Recovery
All the S LSP carried over a given span are recovered under span
failure condition. Full span recovery is also referred to as "bulk
recovery".
B. Partial Span Recovery
Only a subset s of the S LSP carried over a given span are recovered
under span failure condition. Both selection criteria of the
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 11
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
entities belonging to this subset and the decision concerning the
recovery of the remaining (S - s) LSP are based on local policy.
4.16 Recovery Schemes Related Time and Durations
This section gives several typical timing definitions that are of
importance for recovery schemes.
A. Detection time:
The time between the occurrence of the fault or degradation and its
detection. Note that this is a rather theoretical time since in
practice this is difficult to measure.
B. Correlation time:
The time between detection of the fault or degradation and the
reporting of the signal fail or degrade. This time is typically used
in correlating related failures or degradations.
C. Hold-off time:
The time between reporting of signal fail or degrade, and the
initialization of the recovery switching algorithm. This is useful
when multiple layers of recovery are being used.
D. Wait To Restore time:
A period of time that must elapse from a recovered fault before an
LSP/span can be used again to transport the normal traffic and/or to
select the normal traffic from.
E. Switching time:
The time between the initialization of the recovery switching
algorithm and the moment the traffic is selected from the recovery
LSP/span.
F. Recovery time:
The recovery time is defined as the sum of the detection,
correlation, hold-off and switching times.
4.17 Impairment
A defect or performance degradation, which may lead to SF or SD
trigger.
4.18 Recovery Ratio
The quotient of the actually recovery bandwidth divided by the
traffic bandwidth which is intended to be protected.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 12
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
4.19 Hitless Protection Switch
Protection switch, which does not cause data loss, data duplication,
data disorder, or bit errors upon recovery switching action.
4.20 Network Survivability
The set of capabilities that allow a network to restore affected
traffic in the event of a failure. The degree of survivability is
determined by the networkÆs capability to survive single and
multiple failures.
4.21 Survivable Network
A network that is capable of restoring traffic in the event of a
failure.
4.22 Escalation
A network survivability action caused by the impossibility of the
survivability function in lower layers.
5. Recovery Phases
It is commonly accepted that recovery implies that the following
generic operations need to be performed when an LSP/span or a node
failure occurs:
- Phase 1: Failure Detection
The action of detecting the impairment (defect of performance
degradation) as a defect condition and consequential activation of
SF or SD trigger to the control plane (through internal interface
with the transport plane). Thus, failure detection (that should
occur at the transport layer closest to the failure) is the only
phase that can not be achieved by the control plane alone.
- Phase 2: Failure Localization (and Isolation)
Failure localization provides to the deciding entity information
about the location (and so the identity) of the transport plane
entity that causes the LSP(s)/span(s) failure. The deciding entity
can then take accurate decision to achieve finer grained recovery
switching action(s).
- Phase 3: Failure Notification
Failure notification phase is used 1) to inform intermediate nodes
that LSP(s)/span(s) failure has occurred and has been detected 2) to
inform the recovery deciding entities (which can correspond to any
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 13
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
intermediate or end-point of the failed LSP/span) that the
corresponding LSP/span is not available.
- Phase 4: Recovery (Protection or Restoration)
See above.
- Phase 5: Reversion (Normalization)
See above.
The combination of Failure Detection and Failure Localization and
Notification is referred to as Fault Management.
5.1 Entities Involved During Recovery
The entities involved during the recovery operations can be defined
as follows; these entities are parts of ingress, egress and
intermediate nodes as defined previously:
A. Detecting Entity (Failure Detection):
An entity that detects a failure or group of failures; providing
thus a non-correlated list of failures.
B. Reporting Entity (Failure Correlation and Notification):
An entity that can make an intelligent decision on fault correlation
and report the failure to the deciding entity. Fault reporting can
be automatically performed by the deciding entity detecting the
failure.
C. Deciding Entity (part of the failure recovery decision process):
An entity that makes the recovery decision or select the recovery
resources. This entity communicates the decision to the impacted
LSPs/spans with the recovery actions to be performed.
D. Recovering Entity (part of the failure recovery activation
process):
An entity that participates in the recovery of the LSPs/spans.
The process of moving failed LSPs from a failed (working) span to a
protection span must be initiated by one of the nodes terminating
the span, e.g. A or B. The deciding (and recovering) entity is
referred to as the "master" while the other node is called the
"slave" and corresponds to a recovering only entity.
Note: The determination of the master and the slave may be based on
configured information or protocol specific requirements.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 14
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
6. Protection Schemes
This section clarifies the multiple possible protection schemes and
the specific terminology for the protection.
6.1 1+1 protection
1+1 protection has one working LSP/span, one protection LSP/span and
a permanent bridge. At the ingress node, the normal traffic is
permanently bridged to both the working and protection LSP/span. At
the egress node, the normal traffic is selected from the better of
the two LSPs/spans.
Due to the permanent bridging, the 1+1 protection does not allow an
unprotected extra traffic signal to be provided.
6.2 1:N (N >= 1) Protection
1:N protection has N working LSPs/spans carrying normal traffic and
1 protecting LSP/span that may carry extra-traffic.
At the ingress, normal traffic is either permanently connected to
its working LSP/span and may be connected to the protection LSP/span
(case of broadcast bridge), or is connected to either its working or
the protection LSP/span (case of selector bridge). At the egress
node, the normal traffic is selected from either its working or
protection LSP/span.
Unprotected extra traffic can be transported over the protection
LSP/span whenever the protection LSP/span is not used to carry a
normal traffic.
6.3 M:N (M, N > 1, M =< N) Protection
M:N protection has N working LSPs/spans carrying normal traffic and
M protecting LSP/span that may carry extra-traffic.
At the ingress, a normal traffic is either permanently connected to
its working LSP/span and may be connected to one of the protection
LSPs/spans (case of broadcast bridge), or is connected to either its
working or one of the protection LSPs/spans (case of selector
bridge). At the egress node, the normal traffic is selected from
either its working or one of the protection LSP/span.
Unprotected extra traffic can be transported over the M protection
LSP/span whenever the protection LSPs/spans is not used to carry a
normal traffic.
Note1: all protection types are either uni- or bi-directional,
obviously, the latter applies only to bi-directional LSP/span and
requires coordination between the ingress and egress node during
protection switching.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 15
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
Note2: all protection types except 1+1 unidirectional protection
switching require a communication channel between the ingress and
the egress node.
Note3: in the GMPLS context, span protection refers to the full or
partial span recovery of the LSPs carried over that span (see
Section 4.15).
7. Restoration Schemes
This section clarifies the multiple possible restoration schemes and
the specific terminology for the restoration.
7.1 Pre-planned LSP Restoration
Also referred to as pre-planned LSP re-routing. Before failure
detection and/or notification, one or more restoration LSPs are
instantiated between the same ingress-egress node pair than the
working LSP. Note that the restoration resources must be pre-
computed, must be signaled and may be selected a priori, but not
cross-connected. Thus, the restoration LSP is not able to carry any
extra-traffic.
The complete establishment of the restoration LSP (i.e. activation)
occurs only after failure detection and/or notification of the
working LSP and requires some additional restoration signaling.
Therefore, this mechanism protects against working LSP failure(s)
but requires activation of the restoration LSP after failure
occurrence. After the ingress node has activated the restoration
LSP, the latter can carry the normal traffic.
Note: when each working LSP is recoverable by exactly one
restoration LSP, one refers also to 1:1 (pre-planned) re-routing
without extra-traffic.
7.1.1 Shared-Mesh Restoration
"Shared-mesh" restoration is defined as a particular case of pre-
planned LSP re-routing that reduces the restoration resource
requirements by allowing multiple restoration LSPs (initiated from
distinct ingress nodes) to share common resources (including links
and nodes.)
7.2 LSP Restoration
Also referred to as LSP re-routing. The ingress node switches the
normal traffic to an alternate LSP signaled and fully established
(i.e. cross-connected) after failure detection and/or notification.
The alternate LSP path may be computed after failure detection
and/or notification. In this case, one also refers to "Full LSP Re-
routing."
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 16
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
The alternate LSP is signaled from the ingress node and may reuse
intermediate node's resources of the working LSP under failure
condition (and may also include additional intermediate nodes.)
7.2.1 Hard LSP Restoration
Also referred to as hard LSP re-routing. A re-routing operation
where the LSP is released before the full establishment of an
alternate LSP (i.e. break-before-make).
7.2.2 Soft LSP Restoration
Also referred to as soft LSP re-routing. A re-routing operation
where the LSP is released after the full establishment of an
alternate LSP (i.e. make-before-break).
8. Security Considerations
This document does not introduce or imply any specific security
consideration.
9. Intellectual Property Considerations
This section is taken from Section 10.4 of [RFC2026].
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the
IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances
of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made
to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification
can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights, which may cover technology that may be required to practice
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive
Director.
10. References
10.1 Normative References
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 17
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
[G.707] ITU-T, "Network Node Interface for the Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH)," Recommendation G.707, October
2000.
[G.841] ITU-T, "Types and Characteristics of SDH Network
Protection Architectures," Recommendation G.841,
October 1998.
[G.842] ITU-T, "Interworking of SDH network protection
architectures," Recommendation G.842, October 1998.
[RFC-2026] S.Bradner, "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[RFC-2119] S.Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels," BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[T1.105] ANSI, "Synchronous Optical Network (SONET): Basic
Description Including Multiplex Structure, Rates, and
Formats," ANSI T1.105, January 2001.
10.2 Informative References
[BALA] B.Rajagopalan et al., "Signaling for Protection and
Restoration in Optical Mesh Networks," Internet Draft,
Work in progress, draft-bala-protection-restoration-
signaling-00.txt.
[G.783] ITU-T, "Characteristics of Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment Functional Blocks,"
Recommendation G.783, October 2000.
[G.806] ITU-T, "Characteristics of Transport Equipment û
Description Methodology and Generic Functionality,"
Recommendation G.806, October 2000.
[G.808.1] ITU-T, "Generic Protection Switching û Linear trail and
subnetwork protection," Draft Recommendation (work in
progress), Version 0.5, January 2003.
[GMPLS-ARCH] E.Mannie (Editor), "Generalized MPLS Architecture,"
Internet Draft, Work in progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-
gmpls-architecture-06.txt, April 2003.
[SUDHEER] S.Dharanikota et al., "NNI Protection and restoration
requirements," OIF Contribution 507, 2001.
[TEWG] W.S.Lai, et al., "Network Hierarchy and Multilayer
Survivability," Internet Draft, Work in progress,
draft-ietf-tewg-restore-hierarchy-01.txt, June 2002.
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 18
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
11. Acknowledgments
Valuable comments and input were received from many people.
12. Author's Addresses
Eric Mannie (Consult)
Email: eric_mannie@hotmail.com
Dimitri Papadimitriou (Alcatel)
Francis Wellesplein, 1
B-2018 Antwerpen, Belgium
Phone: +32 3 240-8491
Email: dimitri.papadimitriou@alcatel.be
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 19
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-recovery-terminology-03.txt January 2004
Full Copyright Statement
"Copyright (C) The Internet Society (date). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph
are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
E.Mannie, D.Papadimitriou et al.- Internet Draft - June 2004 20
Html markup produced by rfcmarkup 1.129d, available from
https://tools.ietf.org/tools/rfcmarkup/