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Versions: (draft-lendl-enum-validation-token)
00 01 02 03 04 RFC 5105
ENUM -- Telephone Number Mapping O. Lendl
Working Group enum.at
Internet-Draft October 1, 2005
Expires: April 4, 2006
ENUM Validation Token Format Definition
draft-ietf-enum-validation-token-00
Status of this Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on April 4, 2006.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
Abstract
An ENUM domain name is tightly coupled with the underlying E.164
number. The process of verifying whether the Registrant of an ENUM
domain name is identical to the Assignee of the corresponding E.164
number is commonly called "validation". This document describes an
signed XML data format -- the Validation Token -- with which
Validation Entities can convey successful completion of a validation
procedure in a secure fashion.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Data Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Digital Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Field Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1 Mandatory Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2 Optional Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.1 Unsigned Token without Registrant Information . . . . . . 5
5.2 Signed token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.1 Token Core Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2 Token Data Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Other applications of the Token concept . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 16
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1. Introduction
In the case where an ENUM [2] domain name corresponds to an existing
E.164 number the delegation of this domain needs to be authorized by
the Assignee of the corresponding E.164 number. In the role model
described in [11] the entity which performs this check is called the
Validation Entity (VE).
By conveying an ENUM Validation Token - a signed XML [6] document -
to the Registry a VE certifies that delegation requirements have been
met and are current.
2. Data Requirements
In this model, the Token is the only data passed from the VE to the
Registry. Therefore, the Token needs to contain as least as much
information as the Registry requires to grant the delegation of the
requested ENUM domain according to its registration policy. As such,
the Registry will need confirmation that
o the Token was created by an accredited VE,
o the Token's duration of validity conforms to the policy,
o the validation procedure employed has met minimum requirements as
set forth by policy,
o and that the Token is protected against tampering and replay
attacks.
Beyond such mandatory information, the Token may optionally include
number holder information, in particular to simplify future re-
validations.
For example, if initial validation requires the steps "Check the
identity of the Registrant" and "Check the ownership of an E.164
number" then a later revalidation only needs to re-check the
ownership as the identity of the Registrant does not change.
As the Token will be included (see e.g. [12]) in XML-based Registry/
Registrar protocols like the Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)
[4] it is a natural choice to use XML to encode Validation Tokens.
3. Digital Signature
According to the architecture model the propriety of an ENUM
delegation depends on the trust relationship between the Registry and
the VE. For generality, an untrusted link between Registry and VE
should be assumed (for instance the Token is passed along with the
registration request by a Registrar, who might have no role in
asserting the right-to-use). Therefore, the Token must be protected
against forgery, tampering and replay-attacks.
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A digital signature on the token
o asserts that the token was indeed generated by the indicated VE
(authenticity)
o guarantees that the token was not tampered with in transit
(integrity)
o enables auditing the validation process (non-repudiation).
The cryptographic signature on the token follows XML-DSIG [9]. As
tokens might be transmitted as part of an already XML based protocol
the exclusive XML canonicalization [10] is used. This transform
guarantees that namespace declarations inherited from the surrounding
XML do not invalidate the signature. In order to make the signature
an integral part of the token the "enveloped"-signature mode is
employed. The signature covers all information contained in the
Token.
While XML-DSIG offers a number of cryptographic algorithms, local
policy should define which algorithms will be accepted by the
Registry. It is suggested to use the RSA-SHA1 algorithm with
embedded X.509 certificates.
The choice of RSA-SHA1 does not require a public key infrastructure.
Whether the Registry acts as a certificate authority, accepts certs
from a public CA, or only accepts pre-registered keys is a local
policy choice.
4. Field Descriptions
4.1 Mandatory Section
A token must contain a <validation> tag which contains the following:
o A single validation "serial" string identifying a validation token
for a certain VE. It must be unique per VE.
o A single "E164Number" tag containing the underlying E.164 number
in fully qualified (international) format.
o An optional "lastE164Number" tag. If present it indicates that
the whole number block starting with "E164Number" up to and
including "lastE164Number" has been validated. To avoid
ambiguity, both numbers must be of the same length.
o A single "validationEntityID" tag identifying the VE.
o A single "registrarID" tag identifying the Registrar on whose
behalf the validation was performed.
o A single "methodID" tag identifying the method used by the VE for
validation.
o A single "executionDate" attribute containing the date of
validation formatted as "full-date" according to RFC 3339 [3].
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o An optional "expirationDate" attribute marking the expiration date
of the validation token formatted as "full-date" according to RFC
3339. The Registry will automatically revoke the delegation at
this date unless a new Token has been submitted that extends the
lifetime of the validation. A missing expirationDate indicates
infinite validity of the Token.
The format and the uniqueness-constraints of these IDs is left to the
local policy of the Registry.
4.2 Optional Section
A token may contain a "tokendata" section containing information
about the number holder.
o A single "organization" tag containing the full name of the
entity.
o A single "commercialregisternumber" tag. If the Registrant is a
company, then this field can be used to uniquely identify that
company by its official registration number. The interpretation
of this field is country-specific.
o A single "title" tag
o A single "firstname" tag
o A single "lastname" tag
o A single "address" section containing the following tags:
* A single mandatory "streetname"
* A single optional "streetnumber"
* A single optional "apartment"
* A single mandatory "postalcode"
* A single mandatory "city"
* A single optional "state"
* A single mandatory "country"
o up to 10 "phone" tags containing full E.164 numbers
o up to 10 "fax" tags containing full E.164 numbers
o up to 10 "email" tags
All attributes are optional. In case an address section is used,
several components are mandatory for conformance with the E.115 [1]
recommendation. The reason for this is that "computerized directory
assistance" accessible through the E.115 interface may be a source of
validation information.
5. Examples
5.1 Unsigned Token without Registrant Information
This basic Token without any information about the Registrant and
without the cryptographic signature shows the basic layout of the
required elements.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no" ?>
<token xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0" Id="TOKEN"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0 enum-token-1.0.xsd">
<validation serial="acmeve-000002">
<E164Number>+43780837842</E164Number>
<validationEntityID>ACME-VE</validationEntityID>
<registrarID>reg-4711</registrarID>
<methodID>42</methodID>
<executionDate>2005-10-06</executionDate>
<expirationDate>2006-01-01</expirationDate>
</validation>
</token>
5.2 Signed token
This example uses an X.509 based signature which includes the
certificate of the signing validation entity. Thus the validity of
the signature can be verified without the need for a key-server.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no" ?>
<token xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0" Id="TOKEN"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0 enum-token-1.0.xsd">
<validation serial="acmeve-000001">
<E164Number>+43780837800</E164Number>
<lastE164Number>+43780837899</lastE164Number>
<validationEntityID>ACME-VE</validationEntityID>
<registrarID>reg-4711</registrarID>
<methodID>42</methodID>
<executionDate>2005-10-06</executionDate>
</validation>
<tokendata xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0 enum-tokendata-1.0.xsd">
<contact>
<organisation>Example GmbH</organisation>
<commercialregisternumber>4711</commercialregisternumber>
<title>Dr.</title>
<firstname>Max</firstname>
<lastname>Mustermann</lastname>
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<address>
<streetname>Hauptplatz</streetname>
<streetnumber>10</streetnumber>
<apartment>25</apartment>
<postalcode>1010</postalcode>
<city>Wien</city>
<state>Wien</state>
<country>Austria</country>
</address>
<phone>+43101234567</phone>
<email>mm@example.com</email>
</contact>
</tokendata>
<Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
<SignedInfo>
<CanonicalizationMethod
Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/>
<SignatureMethod
Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/>
<Reference URI="#TOKEN">
<Transforms>
<Transform Algorithm=
"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"/>
<Transform Algorithm=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#">
<InclusiveNamespaces
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"
PrefixList="enum-token enum-tokendata"/>
</Transform>
</Transforms>
<DigestMethod
Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/>
<DigestValue>ezSwD7BAiuqgSlfTzPOjKBomE5M=</DigestValue>
</Reference>
</SignedInfo>
<SignatureValue>
MngTodVv7tAQxVicC2J1/HSDFFwk6JdF9xtmiIqKXfeh9xAKsuEV18s5NoomgoG5
s46OvsnBrYZ09C/5nWUgAPuUHjPcfekeF2H36aPquq5Dz/K2ncUbgbx5ACDYxXdd
CtLrmlWFV9X+2uBTaRPufrPTbVsGXsLLA0Zn4SGB6ok=</SignatureValue>
<KeyInfo>
<X509Data>
<X509Certificate>
MIIDZjCCAs+gAwIBAgIBBDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADB0MQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVDEP
MA0GA1UEBxMGVmllbm5hMRQwEgYDVQQKEwtCT0ZIIENlcnRzLjEbMBkGA1UEAxMS
Q0VSVFMuYm9maC5wcml2LmF0MSEwHwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhJjZXJ0c0Bib2ZoLnBy
aXYuYXQwHhcNMDQwNzIwMTMxNTA5WhcNMDUwNzIwMTMxNTA5WjB/MQswCQYDVQQG
EwJBVDEKMAgGA1UECBMBLTEPMA0GA1UEBxMGVmllbm5hMR0wGwYDVQQKExRBY21l
IEVOVU0gVmFsaWRhdGlvbjEQMA4GA1UEAxMHYWNtZS1WRTEiMCAGCSqGSIb3DQEJ
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ARYTbm9ib2R5QGVudW0tYWNtZS5hdDCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAwgYkC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</X509Certificate>
</X509Data>
</KeyInfo>
</Signature>
</token>
6. Formal Syntax
The formal syntax of the validation token is specified using XML
schema notation [7] [8]. Two schemas are defined: The "token core
schema" contains mandatory attribute definitions, the "token data
schema" defines the format of the optional "tokendata" section.
6.1 Token Core Schema
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<schema targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0"
xmlns:enum-token="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0"
xmlns:enum-tokendata="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0"
xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<!-- Import common element types. -->
<import namespace="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"
schemaLocation="xmldsig-core-schema.xsd"/>
<import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0"
schemaLocation="enum-tokendata-1.0.xsd"/>
<annotation>
<documentation>
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enum.at Validation Token core schema
</documentation>
</annotation>
<element name="token" type="enum-token:tokenBaseType"/>
<simpleType name="shortTokenType">
<restriction base="token">
<minLength value="1"/>
<maxLength value="20"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<simpleType name="e164numberType">
<restriction base="token">
<maxLength value="20"/>
<pattern value="\+\d\d*"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<complexType name="validationDataType">
<sequence>
<element name="E164Number"
type="enum-token:e164numberType"/>
<element name="lastE164Number" minOccurs="0"
type="enum-token:e164numberType"/>
<element name="validationEntityID"
type="enum-token:shortTokenType"/>
<element name="registrarID"
type="enum-token:shortTokenType"/>
<element name="methodID"
type="enum-token:shortTokenType"/>
<element name="executionDate" type="date"/>
<element name="expirationDate"
type="date" minOccurs="0"/>
</sequence>
<attribute name="serial" type="enum-token:shortTokenType"
use="required"/>
</complexType>
<complexType name="tokenBaseType">
<sequence>
<element name="validation"
type="enum-token:validationDataType"/>
<any namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0"
minOccurs="0"/>
<any namespace="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"/>
</sequence>
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<attribute name="Id" type="ID" use="required"/>
</complexType>
</schema>
6.2 Token Data Schema
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<schema targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0"
xmlns:enum-tokendata="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<annotation>
<documentation>
enum.at Validation Token tokendata schema.
</documentation>
</annotation>
<element name="tokendata" type="enum-tokendata:tokenDataType"/>
<simpleType name="streetNameType">
<restriction base="token">
<minLength value="1"/>
<maxLength value="128"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<simpleType name="shortTokenType">
<restriction base="token">
<minLength value="1"/>
<maxLength value="20"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<simpleType name="longTokenType">
<restriction base="token">
<minLength value="1"/>
<maxLength value="64"/>
</restriction>
</simpleType>
<complexType name="addressType">
<sequence>
<element name="streetname"
type="enum-tokendata:streetNameType"/>
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<element name="streetnumber"
type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="apartment"
type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="postalcode"
type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType"/>
<element name="city"
type="enum-tokendata:longTokenType"/>
<element name="state"
type="enum-tokendata:longTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="country"
type="enum-tokendata:longTokenType"/>
</sequence>
</complexType>
<group name="tokenContactBaseGroup">
<sequence>
<element name="organisation"
type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="commercialregisternumber"
type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="title"
type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="firstname"
type="enum-tokendata:longTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="lastname"
type="enum-tokendata:longTokenType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="address"
type="enum-tokendata:addressType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="phone" type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType"
minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="10" />
<element name="fax" type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType"
minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="10" />
<element name="email" type="enum-tokendata:shortTokenType"
minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="10" />
</sequence>
</group>
<complexType name="contactType">
<sequence>
<group ref="enum-tokendata:tokenContactBaseGroup"/>
</sequence>
</complexType>
<complexType name="tokenDataType">
<sequence>
<element name="contact" type="enum-tokendata:contactType"/>
</sequence>
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</complexType>
</schema>
7. Other applications of the Token concept
The concept of the validation token may be useful in other registry-
type applications where the proof of an underlying right is a
condition for a valid registration.
An example is a TLD (Top Level Domain) where registration is subject
to proof of some precondition, like a trade mark or the right in a
name. Such situations often arise during the introduction of a new
TLD, e.g. during a "sunrise" phase.
A Number Portability (NP) database faces very similar verification
issues. An NP system based on the Token concept could potentially be
superior to current methods, and aid in the convergence of NP and
ENUM.
8. IANA Considerations
This document uses URNs to describe XML namespaces and XML schemas
conforming to a registry mechanism described in RFC 3688 [5]. Four
URI assignments are requested.
1. Registration request for the Token namespace:
* URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-token-1.0
* Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this
document.
* XML: None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML
specification.
2. Registration request for the Token XML schema:
* URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:enum-token-1.0
* Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this
document.
* XML: See Section 6.1 of this document.
3. Registration request for the Token Data namespace:
* URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:enum-tokendata-1.0
* Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this
document.
* XML: None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML
specification.
4. Registration request for the Token Data XML schema:
* URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:enum-tokendata-1.0
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* Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this
document.
* XML: See Section 6.2 of this document.
The IDs used in the validationEntityID, RegistrarID, and methodID
tags are subject to local policy and thus do not require IANA
registration.
9. Security Considerations
The security of the Validation Token depends on the security of the
underlying XML DSIG algorithms. As such, all the security
considerations from [9] apply here as well. Two points from there
merit repetition:
Transforms are used to select the relevant data for signing and to
discard irrelevant information (e.g. pretty-printing and name-space
local names).
The <Reference URI="#TOKEN"> element and attribute combined with the
Id="TOKEN" attribute in <token> specifies that the signature should
cover the complete token. Moving the Id="TOKEN" attribute to e.g.
the <tokendata> tag would make the signature worthless.
It is thus critical that the Registry does not only check whether the
Token passes a generic XML-DSIG signature check, but also that the
signature uses approved transforms and references the <token> tag as
well as that the certificate belongs to an accredited VE.
The Token content is not encrypted. If local policy dictates that
the information contained within the token should be protected then
this has to be handled through a different mechanism.
When processing a delegation request the Registry must verify that
the information contained in the Token matches the delegation
request. To avert replay attacks, local policy has to specify for
how long after "executionDate" the Token can be used to authorize a
delegation. The "registrarID" tag in the Token prevents a malicious
second Registrar from using an eavesdropped Token to register a
domain in his name.
10. Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the following persons for their
valuable suggestions and contributions: Michael Haberler, Alexander
Mayrhofer, Bernie Hoeneisen, Michael Braunoeder, Staffan Hagnell,
Lawrence Conroy.
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11. References
[1] ITU-T, "Computerized Directory Assistance",
Recommendation E.115, February 1995.
[2] Faltstrom, P. and M. Mealling, "The E.164 to Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS)
Application (ENUM)", RFC 3761, April 2004.
[3] Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet:
Timestamps", RFC 3339, July 2002.
[4] Hollenbeck, S., "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)",
RFC 3730, March 2004.
[5] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[6] Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Bray, T., and E. Maler,
"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)", W3C
FirstEdition REC-xml-20001006, October 2000.
[7] Maloney, M., Beech, D., Mendelsohn, N., and H. Thompson, "XML
Schema Part 1: Structures", W3C REC REC-xmlschema-1-20010502,
May 2001.
[8] Malhotra, A. and P. Biron, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes", W3C
REC REC-xmlschema-2-20010502, May 2001.
[9] Solo, D., Reagle, J., and D. Eastlake, "XML-Signature Syntax
and Processing", W3C REC REC-xmldsig-core-20020212,
February 2002.
[10] 3rd, D., Boyer, J., and J. Reagle, "Exclusive XML
Canonicalization Version 1.0", W3C REC REC-xml-exc-c14n-
20020718, July 2002.
[11] Mayrhofer, A. and B. Hoeneisen, "ENUM Validation Architecture",
draft-ietf-enum-validation-arch-00 (work in progress),
July 2005.
[12] Hoeneisen, B., "ENUM Validation Information Mapping for the
Extensible Provisioning Protocol",
draft-ietf-enum-validation-epp-00 (work in progress),
September 2005.
Lendl Expires April 4, 2006 [Page 14]
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Author's Address
Otmar Lendl
enum.at GmbH
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
Wien A-1010
Austria
Phone: +43 1 5056416 33
Email: otmar.lendl@enum.at
URI: http://www.enum.at/
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Internet-Draft ENUM Validation Token October 2005
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