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RFC 5477
Network Working Group T. Dietz
Internet-Draft NEC Europe Ltd.
Expires: December 13, 2007 F. Dressler
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
G. Carle
University of Tuebingen
B. Claise
P. Aitken
Cisco Systems, Inc.
June 11, 2007
Information Model for Packet Sampling Exports
<draft-ietf-psamp-info-06.txt>
Status of this Memo
By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
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This Internet-Draft will expire on December 13, 2007.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
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Abstract
This memo defines an information model for the Packet Sampling
(PSAMP) protocol. It is used by the PSAMP protocol for encoding
sampled packet data and information related to the sampling process.
As the PSAMP protocol is based on the IPFIX protocol, this
information model is an extension to the IPFIX information model.
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Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. PSAMP Documents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. IPFIX Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2. PSAMP Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. Relationship between PSAMP and IPFIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5. Properties of a PSAMP Information Element . . . . . . . . . . 14
6. Type Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. Overloading Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8. The PSAMP Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.1. PSAMP Usage of IPFIX Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.2. Additional PSAMP Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.1. selectionSequenceId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.2. selectorId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2.3. informationElementId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2.4. selectorAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2.5. samplingPacketInterval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.2.6. samplingPacketSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2.7. samplingTimeInterval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2.8. samplingTimeSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2.9. samplingSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.10. samplingPopulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.11. samplingProbability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.12. dataLinkFrameSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.13. ipHeaderPacketSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.14. ipPayloadPacketSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2.15. dataLinkFrameSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.16. mplsLabelStackSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.17. mplsPayloadPacketSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.2.18. SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.2.19. SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.2.20. fixedError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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8.2.21. relativeError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.2.22. observationTimeSeconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.2.23. observationTimeMilliseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.2.24. observationTimeMicroseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.2.25. observationTimeNanoseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.2.26. digestHashValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.2.27. hashIPPayloadOffset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.2.28. hashIPPayloadSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.29. hashOutputRangeMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.30. hashOutputRangeMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.31. hashSelectedRangeMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2.32. hashSelectedRangeMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8.2.33. hashDigestOutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8.2.34. hashInitialiserValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendix A. Formal Specification of PSAMP Information Elements . 37
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 49
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1. Introduction
Packet sampling techniques are required for various measurement
scenarios. The packet sampling (PSAMP) protocol provides mechanisms
for packet selection using different filtering and sampling
techniques. A standard way for the export and storage is required.
The definition of the PSAMP information and data model is based on
the IP Flow Information eXport (IPFIX) protocol
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-protocol]. The PSAMP protocol document
[I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol] specifies how to use the IPFIX protocol in
the PSAMP context.
This document examines the IPFIX information model
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-info] and extends it to meet the PSAMP requirements.
Therefore, the structure of this document is strongly based on the
IPFIX document. It complements the PSAMP protocol specification by
providing an appropriate PSAMP information model. The main part of
this document, section 8, defines the list of Information Elements to
be transmitted by the PSAMP protocol. Sections 6 and 5 describe the
data types and Information Element properties used within this
document and their relationship to the IPFIX information model.
The main body of section 8 was generated from a XML document. The
XML-based specification of the PSAMP Information Elements can be used
for automatically checking syntactical correctness of the
specification. Furthermore it can be used - in combination with the
IPFIX information model - for automated code generation. The
resulting code can be used in PSAMP protocol implementations to deal
with processing PSAMP information elements.
For that reason, the XML document that served as source for section 8
is attached to this document in Appendix A.
Note that although partially generated from the attached XML
documents, the main body of this document is normative while the
appendices are informational.
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2. PSAMP Documents Overview
[I-D.ietf-psamp-framework]: "A Framework for Packet Selection and
Reporting", describes the PSAMP framework for network elements to
select subsets of packets by statistical and other methods, and to
export a stream of reports on the selected packets to a collector.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-sample-tech]: "Sampling and Filtering Techniques for
IP Packet Selection", describes the set of packet selection
techniques supported by PSAMP.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol]: "Packet Sampling (PSAMP) Protocol
Specifications" specifies the export of packet information from a
PSAMP Exporting Process to a PSAMP Collecting Process.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-info]: "Information Model for Packet Sampling
Exports" (this document), defines an information and data model for
PSAMP.
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3. Terminology
As the IPFIX export protocol is used to export the PSAMP information,
the relevant IPFIX terminology from [I-D.ietf-ipfix-protocol] is
copied over in this document. The PSAMP terminology defined here is
fully consistent with all terms listed in [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol]
but only definitions that are relevant to the PSAMP information model
appear here.
3.1. IPFIX Terminology
The IPFIX terminology section has been entirely copied over from
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-protocol], except for the IPFIX Exporting Process
term, which is defined more precisely in the PSAMP terminology
section.
o Observation Point
An Observation Point is a location in the network where IP packets
can be observed. Examples include: a line to which a probe is
attached, a shared medium, such as an Ethernet-based LAN, a single
port of a router, or a set of interfaces (physical or logical) of
a router.
Note that every Observation Point is associated with an
Observation Domain (defined below), and that one Observation Point
may be a superset of several other Observation Points. For
example one Observation Point can be an entire line card. That
would be the superset of the individual Observation Points at the
line card's interfaces.
o Observation Domain
An Observation Domain is the largest set of Observation Points for
which Flow information can be aggregated by a Metering Process.
o IP Traffic Flow or Flow
There are several definitions of the term 'flow' being used by the
Internet community. Within the context of IPFIX we use the
following definition:
A Flow is defined as a set of IP packets passing an Observation
Point in the network during a certain time interval. All packets
belonging to a particular Flow have a set of common properties.
Each property is defined as the result of applying a function to
the values of:
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1. one or more packet header field (e.g. destination IP address),
transport header field (e.g. destination port number), or
application header field (e.g. RTP header fields [RFC1889])
2. one or more characteristics of the packet itself (e.g. number
of MPLS labels, etc...)
3. one or more of fields derived from packet treatment (e.g. next
hop IP address, the output interface, etc...)
A packet is defined to belong to a Flow if it completely satisfies
all the defined properties of the Flow.
This definition covers the range from a Flow containing all
packets observed at a network interface to a Flow consisting of
just a single packet between two applications. It includes
packets selected by a sampling mechanism.
o Flow Record
A Flow Record contains information about a specific Flow that was
observed at an Observation Point. A Flow Record contains measured
properties of the Flow (e.g. the total number of bytes for all the
Flow's packets) and usually characteristic properties of the Flow
(e.g. source IP address).
o Metering Process
The Metering Process generates Flow Records. Inputs to the
process are packet headers and characteristics observed at an
Observation Point, and packet treatment at the Observation Point
(for example the selected output interface).
The Metering Process consists of a set of functions that includes
packet header capturing, timestamping, sampling, classifying, and
maintaining Flow Records.
The maintenance of Flow Records may include creating new records,
updating existing ones, computing Flow statistics, deriving
further Flow properties, detecting Flow expiration, passing Flow
Records to the Exporting Process, and deleting Flow Records.
o IPFIX Device
An IPFIX Device hosts at least one Exporting Process. It may host
further Exporting processes and arbitrary numbers of Observation
Points and Metering Process.
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o Exporting Process
An Exporting Process sends, in the form of Export Packets, the
output of one or more Metering Processes to one or more
Collectors.
o Collecting Process
A Collecting Process receives Flow Records from one or more
Exporting Processes. The Collecting Process might process or
store received Flow Records, but such actions are out of scope for
this document.
o Collector
A device which hosts one or more Collecting Processes is termed a
Collector.
o Template
A Template is an ordered sequence of <type, length> pairs, used to
completely specify the structure and semantics of a particular set
of information that needs to be communicated from an IPFIX Device
to a Collector. Each Template is uniquely identifiable by means
of a Template ID.
o Template Record
A Template Record defines the structure and interpretation of
fields in a Data Record.
o Data Record
A Data Record is a record that contains values of the parameters
corresponding to a Template Record.
o Options Template Record
An Options Template Record is a Template Record that defines the
structure and interpretation of fields in a Data Record, including
defining how to scope the applicability of the Data Record.
o Information Element
An Information Element is a protocol and encoding independent
description of an attribute which may appear in an IPFIX Record.
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3.2. PSAMP Terminology
The relevant PSAMP terminology has been copied from
[I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol] into this document.
o Observed Packet Stream
A Packet Stream denotes a subset of the Observed Packet Stream
that flows past some specified point within the Selection Process.
An example of a Packet Stream is the output of the Selection
Process. Note that packets selected from a stream, e.g. by
Sampling, do not necessarily possess a property by which they can
be distinguished from packets that have not been selected. For
this reason the term "stream" is favored over "flow", which is
defined as set of packets with common properties [RFC3917].
o Packet Stream
A packet stream denotes a subset of the Observed Packet Stream
that flows past some specified point within the Selection Process.
o Selection Process
A Selection Process takes the Observed Packet Stream as its input
and selects a subset of that stream as its output.
o Population
A Population is a Packet Stream, or a subset of a Packet Stream.
A Population can be considered as a base set from which packets
are selected. An example is all packets in the Observed Packet
Stream that are observed within some specified time interval.
o Selector
A Selector defines the action of a Selection Process on a single
packet of its input. If selected, the packet becomes an element
of the output Packet Stream.
The Selector can make use of the following information in
determining whether a packet is selected:
1. the Packet Content;
2. information derived from the packet's treatment at the
Observation Point;
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3. any selection state that may be maintained by the Selection
Process.
o Composite Selector
A Composite Selector is an ordered composition of Selectors, in
which the output Packet Stream issuing from one Selector forms the
input Packet Stream to the succeeding Selector.
o Primitive Selector
A Selector is primitive if it is not a Composite Selector.
o Selector ID
The Selector ID is the unique ID identifying a Primitive Selector.
The ID is unique within the Observation Domain.
o Selection Sequence
From all the packets observed at an Observation Point, only a few
packets are selected by one or more Selectors. The Selection
Sequence is a unique value per Observation Domain describing the
Observation Point and the Selector IDs through which the packets
are selected.
o Packet Reports
Packet Reports comprise a configurable subset of a packet's input
to the Selection Process, including the Packet Content,
information relating to its treatment (for example, the output
interface), and its associated selection state (for example, a
hash of the Packet Content).
o Report Interpretation
Report Interpretation comprises subsidiary information, relating
to one or more packets, that are used for interpretation of their
Packet Reports. Examples include configuration parameters of the
Selection Process.
o PSAMP Device
A PSAMP Device is a device hosting at least an Observation Point,
a Selection Process and an Exporting Process. Typically,
corresponding Observation Point(s), Selection Process(es) and
Exporting Process(es) are co-located at this device, for example
at a router.
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o Filtering
A filter is a Selector that selects a packet deterministically
based on the Packet Content, or its treatment, or functions of
these occurring in the Selection State. Examples include property
match Filtering, and Hash-based Selection.
o Sampling
A Selector that is not a filter is called a Sampling operation.
This reflects the intuitive notion that if the selection of a
packet cannot be determined from its content alone, there must be
some type of Sampling taking place.
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4. Relationship between PSAMP and IPFIX
As described in the PSAMP protocol draft [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol] a
PSAMP Report can be seen as a very special IPFIX Data Record. It
represents an IPFIX flow containing only a single packet. Therefore,
the IPFIX information model can be used as a basis for PSAMP Reports.
Nevertheless, there are properties required in PSAMP Reports which
cannot be modelled using the current IPFIX information model. This
document describes extensions to the IPFIX information model which
allow the modelling of information and data required by PSAMP.
Some of these extensions allow the export of what may be considered
sensitive information. Refer to the Security Considerations section
for a fuller discussion.
Note that the export of sampled or filtered PSAMP Reports may not
need all the Information Elements defined by the IPFIX information
model [I-D.ietf-ipfix-info], as discussed in sections 6.2 and 6.3 of
the PSAMP Framework [I-D.ietf-psamp-framework].
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5. Properties of a PSAMP Information Element
The PSAMP Information Elements are in accordance with the definitions
of IPFIX. Therefore we do not repeat the properties in this draft.
Refer to sections 2.1 through 2.3 of the IPFIX Information Model
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-info]. Nevertheless, we strongly recommend defining
the optional "units" property for every information element (if
applicable).
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6. Type Space
The PSAMP Information Elements MUST be constructed from the basic
data types described in section 3 of the IPFIX Information Model
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-info]. To avoid duplicated work and to keep
consistency between IPFIX and PSAMP, the data types are not repeated
in this document.
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7. Overloading Information Elements
Information Elements SHOULD NOT be overloaded with multiple meanings
or re-used for multiple purposes. Different Information Elements
SHOULD be allocated for each requirement.
In particular, special information SHALL be encoded in new
Information Elements as necessary, and SHALL NOT be encoded in the
selection method.
Although the presence of certain other Information Elements allows
the selection method to be inferred a separate Information Element is
provided for the selectorAlgorithm, e.g. for including in scope info
and depicting the contents of composites.
Even if the Information Elements are specified for a specific
selection method (a specific value of selectorAlgorithm) in mind,
these Information Elements are not restricted to the selection method
and MAY be used for different selection methods in the future.
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8. The PSAMP Information Elements
This section describes the Information Elements used by the PSAMP
protocol.
Each Information Element specified in section 8.2 below is allocated
a unique identifier in accordance with section 5 of the IPFIX
information model [I-D.ietf-ipfix-info]. The assignments are
controlled by IANA as an extension of the IPFIX Information Model.
The Information Elements specified by the IPFIX information model
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-info] are used by the PSAMP protocol where
applicable. To avoid inconsistencies between the IPFIX and the PSAMP
information and data models, only those Information Elements that are
not already described by the IPFIX information model are defined
here.
8.1. PSAMP Usage of IPFIX Attributes
This section lists additional Information Elements that are needed in
the PSAMP context and introduces their usage.
List of additional PSAMP Information Elements:
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+-----+---------------------------+-----+---------------------------+
| ID | Name | ID | Name |
+-----+---------------------------+-----+---------------------------+
| 301 | selectionSequenceId | 318 | SelectorIdTotalPacketsObs |
| | | | erved |
| 302 | selectorId | 319 | SelectorIdTotalPacketsSel |
| | | | ected |
| 303 | informationElementId | 320 | fixedError |
| 304 | selectorAlgorithm | 321 | relativeError |
| 305 | samplingPacketInterval | 322 | observationTimeSeconds |
| | | | |
| 306 | samplingPacketSpace | 323 | observationTimeMillisecon |
| | | | ds |
| 307 | samplingTimeInterval | 324 | observationTimeMicrosecon |
| | | | ds |
| 308 | samplingTimeSpace | 325 | observationTimeNanosecond |
| | | | s |
| 309 | samplingSize | 326 | digestHashValue |
| 310 | samplingPopulation | 327 | hashIPPayloadOffset |
| 311 | samplingProbability | 328 | hashIPPayloadSize |
| 312 | dataLinkFrameSize | 329 | hashOutputRangeMin |
| 313 | ipHeaderPacketSection | 330 | hashOutputRangeMax |
| | | | |
| 314 | ipPayloadPacketSection | 331 | hashSelectedRangeMin |
| | | | |
| 315 | dataLinkFrameSection | 332 | hashSelectedRangeMax |
| 316 | mplsLabelStackSection | 333 | hashDigestOutput |
| | | | |
| 317 | mplsPayloadPacketSection | 334 | hashInitialiserValue |
| | | | |
+-----+---------------------------+-----+---------------------------+
8.2. Additional PSAMP Information Elements
8.2.1. selectionSequenceId
Description:
From all the packets observed at an Observation Point, a subset of
packets is selected by a sequence of one or more Selectors. The
selectionSequenceId is a unique value per Observation Domain,
describing the Observation Point and the sequence of Selectors
through which the packets are selected.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
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ElementId: 301
Status: current
8.2.2. selectorId
Description:
The Selector ID is the unique ID identifying a Primitive Selector.
Each Primitive Selector must have a unique ID in the Observation
Domain.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned16
Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 302
Status: current
8.2.3. informationElementId
Description:
This Information Element contains the ID of another Information
Element.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned16
Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 303
Status: current
8.2.4. selectorAlgorithm
Description:
This Information Element specifies the Selector algorithm (e.g.,
Filtering, Sampling) that was used on a packet.
The following Selector algorithms are currently defined:
* 1 Systematic count-based Sampling
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* 2 Systematic time-based Sampling
* 3 Random n-out-of-N Sampling
* 4 Uniform probabilistic Sampling
* 5 Property match Filtering
* 6 Hash based Filtering using BOB
* 7 Hash based Filtering using IPSX
* 8 Hash based Filtering using CRC
The parameters for most of these algorithms are defined in this
information model. Some parameters for these algorithms are not
covered by this information model since they very much depend on
the underlying hardware.
In future, this list will be maintained by IANA. IANA can update
this Information Element as long as there's a new RFC specifying
the algorithm and any new Information Elements which are required.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned16
Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 304
Status: current
8.2.5. samplingPacketInterval
Description:
Number of packets that are consecutively sampled. For example a
value of 100 means that 100 contiguous packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a systematic count-based sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
ElementId: 305
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Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.6. samplingPacketSpace
Description:
The number of packets between two "samplingPacketInterval"s. A
value of 100 means that the next interval starts after 100 packets
(which are not sampled) when the current "samplingPacketInterval"
is over.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a systematic count-based sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
ElementId: 306
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.7. samplingTimeInterval
Description:
The time interval in microseconds during which all arriving
packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a systematic time-based sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMicroseconds
ElementId: 307
Status: current
Units: microseconds
8.2.8. samplingTimeSpace
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Description:
The time interval in microseconds between two
"samplingTimeInterval"s. A value of 100 means that the next
interval starts after 100 microseconds (during which no packets
are sampled) when the current "samplingTimeInterval" is over.
For example, this Information Element may used to describe the
configuration of a systematic time-based sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMicroseconds
ElementId: 308
Status: current
Units: microseconds
8.2.9. samplingSize
Description:
The number of elements taken from the parent Population for random
sampling algorithms.
For examle, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a random n-out-of-N sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
ElementId: 309
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.10. samplingPopulation
Description:
The number of elements in the parent Population for random
sampling algorithms.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a random n-out-of-N sampling Selector.
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Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
ElementId: 310
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.11. samplingProbability
Description:
The probability that a packet is sampled, expressed as a value
between 0 and 1. The probability is equal for every packet. A
value of 0 means no packet was sampled since the probability is 0.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a uniform probabilistic sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: float64
ElementId: 311
Status: current
8.2.12. dataLinkFrameSize
Description:
This Information Element specifies the size of the sampled data
link frame, and SHOULD be checked before analysing higher layer
protocols.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
ElementId: 312
Status: current
8.2.13. ipHeaderPacketSection
Description:
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This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets from the start of the IP header of a
sampled packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports octets from the
IP payload, subject to [RFC2804]. See the Security Considerations
section.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified in
the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
ElementId: 313
Status: current
8.2.14. ipPayloadPacketSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets from the start of the IP payload of a
sampled packet.
The IPv4 payload is that part of the packet which follows the IPv4
header and any options, which [RFC0791] refers to as "data" or
"data octets". e.g., see the examples in [RFC0791] APPENDIX A.
The IPv6 payload is the rest of the packet following the 40 octet
IPv6 header. Note that any extension headers present are
considered part of the payload. See [RFC2460] for the IPv6
specification.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified in
the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
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ElementId: 314
Status: current
8.2.15. dataLinkFrameSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the data link frame of a sampled
packet.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified in
the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
ElementId: 315
Status: current
8.2.16. mplsLabelStackSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the MPLS label stack of a sampled
packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports octets from the
MPLS payload, subject to [RFC2804]. See the Security
Considerations section.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
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If insufficient octets are available for the length specified in
the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
ElementId: 316
Status: current
8.2.17. mplsPayloadPacketSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the MPLS payload of a sampled
packet, being data that follows immediately after the MPLS label
stack.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified in
the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
ElementId: 317
Status: current
8.2.18. SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved
Description:
This Information Element describes the total number of packets
observed by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: totalCounter
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ElementId: 318
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.19. SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected
Description:
This Information Element describes the total number of packets
selected by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: totalCounter
ElementId: 319
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.20. fixedError
Description:
Specifies the maximum possible positive or negative error interval
of the reported value for a given Information Element.
Abstract Data Type: float64
ElementId: 320
Status: current
Units: The units of the Information Element for which the error is
specified.
8.2.21. relativeError
Description:
Specifies the maximum possible positive or negative error ratio
for a given Information Element.
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Abstract Data Type: float64
ElementId: 321
Status: current
8.2.22. observationTimeSeconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in seconds of
an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeSeconds
ElementId: 322
Status: current
Units: seconds
8.2.23. observationTimeMilliseconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
milliseconds of an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMilliseconds
ElementId: 323
Status: current
Units: milliseconds
8.2.24. observationTimeMicroseconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
microseconds of an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMicroseconds
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ElementId: 324
Status: current
Units: microseconds
8.2.25. observationTimeNanoseconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
nanoseconds of an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeNanoseconds
ElementId: 325
Status: current
Units: nanoseconds
8.2.26. digestHashValue
Description:
This Information Element specifies the value from the digest hash
function.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 326
Status: current
8.2.27. hashIPPayloadOffset
Description:
This Information Element specifies the IP payload offset used by a
hash based Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 327
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Status: current
8.2.28. hashIPPayloadSize
Description:
This Information Element specifies the IP payload size used by a
hash based Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 328
Status: current
8.2.29. hashOutputRangeMin
Description:
This Information Element describes the value for the beginning of
a hash function's potential output range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 329
Status: current
8.2.30. hashOutputRangeMax
Description:
This Information Element describes the value for the end of a hash
function's potential output range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 330
Status: current
8.2.31. hashSelectedRangeMin
Description:
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This Information Element describes the value for the beginning of
a hash function's selected range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 331
Status: current
8.2.32. hashSelectedRangeMax
Description:
This Information Element describes the value for the end of a hash
function's selected range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
ElementId: 332
Status: current
8.2.33. hashDigestOutput
Description:
This Information Element contains a boolean value which is TRUE if
the output from this hash Selector has been configured to be
included in the packet report as a packet digest, else FALSE.
Abstract Data Type: boolean
ElementId: 333
Status: current
8.2.34. hashInitialiserValue
Description:
This Information Element describes the initialiser value to the
hash function.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
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ElementId: 334
Status: current
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9. Security Considerations
The PSAMP information model itself does not directly introduce
security issues. Rather it defines a set of attributes which may for
privacy or business issues be considered sensitive information.
Specifically, the Information Elements pertaining to packet sections
MUST target no more than the packet header, some subsequent bytes of
the packet, and encapsulating headers if present. Full packet
capture of arbitrary packet streams is explicitly out of scope, per
[RFC2804].
The underlying protocol used to exchange the information described
here must therefore apply appropriate procedures to guarantee the
integrity and confidentiality of the exported information. Such
protocols are defined in separate documents, specifically the PSAMP
protocol document [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol].
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10. IANA Considerations
This document specifies an initial set of PSAMP Information Elements
as specified in [I-D.ietf-psamp-sample-tech], as an extension to the
IPFIX Information Elements [I-D.ietf-ipfix-info]. New assignments
for PSAMP Information Elements will be administered according to
rules explained in the "IANA Consideration" section of the IPFIX
Information Model document [I-D.ietf-ipfix-info].
Note that the PSAMP Information Element IDs were initially started at
the value 301, in order to leave a gap for any ongoing IPFIX work
requiring new Information Elements. It is expected that this gap in
the Information Element numbering will be filled in by IANA with new
IPFIX Information Elements.
Appendix B defines an XML schema which may be used to create
consistent machine readable extensions to the IPFIX information
model. This schema introduces a new namespace, which will be
assigned by IANA according to [RFC3688].
The selectorAlgorithm registry is maintained by IANA. Specifications
of the method and the new Information Elements are required.
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11. References
11.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-psamp-sample-tech]
Zseby, T., "Sampling and Filtering Techniques for IP
Packet Selection", draft-ietf-psamp-sample-tech-07 (work
in progress), July 2005.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol]
Claise, B., "Packet Sampling (PSAMP) Protocol
Specifications", draft-ietf-psamp-protocol-07 (work in
progress), October 2006.
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-info]
Quittek, J., "Information Model for IP Flow Information
Export", draft-ietf-ipfix-info-15 (work in progress),
February 2007.
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-protocol]
Claise, B., "Specification of the IPFIX Protocol for the
Exchange", draft-ietf-ipfix-protocol-24 (work in
progress), November 2006.
[ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994]
International Organization for Standardization,
"Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection --
Basic Reference Model: The Basic Mode", ISO Standard 7498-
1:1994, June 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
11.2. Informative References
[RFC3917] Quittek, J., Zseby, T., Claise, B., and S. Zander,
"Requirements for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)",
RFC 3917, October 2004.
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-architecture]
Sadasivan, G., "Architecture for IP Flow Information
Export", draft-ietf-ipfix-architecture-12 (work in
progress), September 2006.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-framework]
Duffield, N., "A Framework for Packet Selection and
Reporting", draft-ietf-psamp-framework-11 (work in
progress), May 2007.
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Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model June 2007
[RFC2804] IAB and IESG, "IETF Policy on Wiretapping", RFC 2804,
May 2000.
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
September 1981.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001.
[RFC3032] Rosen, E., Tappan, D., Fedorkow, G., Rekhter, Y.,
Farinacci, D., Li, T., and A. Conta, "MPLS Label Stack
Encoding", RFC 3032, January 2001.
[RFC3444] Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between
Information Models and Data Models", RFC 3444,
January 2003.
[RFC2629] Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
June 1999.
[RFC3470] Hollenbeck, S., Rose, M., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines for
the Use of Extensible Markup Language (XML)
within IETF Protocols", BCP 70, RFC 3470, January 2003.
[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[RFC1889] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", RFC 1889, January 1996.
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Appendix A. Formal Specification of PSAMP Information Elements
This appendix contains a formal description of the PSAMP information
model XML document. Note that this appendix is of informational
nature, while the text in section Section 8 generated from this
appendix is normative.
Using a formal and machine readable syntax for the information model
enables the creation of PSAMP aware tools which can automatically
adapt to extensions to the information model, by simply reading
updated information model specifications.
The wide availability of XML aware tools and libraries for client
devices is a primary consideration for this choice. In particular
libraries for parsing XML documents are readily available. Also
mechanisms such as the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) allow for
transforming a source XML document into other documents. This draft
was authored in XML and transformed according to [RFC2629].
It should be noted that the use of XML in exporters, collectors or
other tools is not mandatory for the deployment of PSAMP. In
particular, exporting processes do not produce or consume XML as part
of their operation. It is expected that PSAMP collectors MAY take
advantage of the machine readability of the information model vs.
hardcoding their behavior or inventing proprietary means for
accommodating extensions.
Using XML-based specifications does not currently address possible
IANA implications associated with XML Namespace URIs. The use of
Namespaces as an extension mechanism implies that an IANA registered
Namespace URI should be available and that directory names below this
base URI be assigned for relevant IETF specifications. The authors
are not aware of this mechanism today.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<fieldDefinitions xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:ipfix-info-10"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:ipfix-info-10
ipfix-info-10.xsd">
<field name="selectionSequenceId" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="301" status="current" group="common">
<description>
From all the packets observed at an Observation Point, a
subset of packets is selected by a sequence of one or more
Selectors. The selectionSequenceId is a unique value per
Observation Domain, describing the Observation Point and the
sequence of Selectors through which the packets are selected.
</description>
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</field>
<field name="selectorId" dataType="unsigned16"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier"
elementId="302" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The Selector ID is the unique ID identifying a Primitive
Selector. Each Primitive Selector must have a unique ID
in the Observation Domain.
</description>
</field>
<field name="informationElementId" dataType="unsigned16"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier"
elementId="303" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element contains the ID of another
Information Element.
</description>
</field>
<field name="selectorAlgorithm" dataType="unsigned16"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier"
elementId="304" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the Selector algorithm
(e.g., Filtering, Sampling) that was used on a packet.
The following Selector algorithms are currently defined:
<itemlist>
<item>1 Systematic count-based Sampling</item>
<item>2 Systematic time-based Sampling</item>
<item>3 Random n-out-of-N Sampling</item>
<item>4 Uniform probabilistic Sampling</item>
<item>5 Property match Filtering</item>
<item>6 Hash based Filtering using BOB</item>
<item>7 Hash based Filtering using IPSX</item>
<item>8 Hash based Filtering using CRC</item>
</itemlist>
The parameters for most of these algorithms
are defined in this information model. Some parameters for
these algorithms are not covered by this information model
since they very much depend on the underlying hardware.
In future, this list will be maintained by IANA.
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IANA can update this Information Element as long as
there's a new RFC specifying the algorithm and
any new Information Elements which are required.
</description>
</field>
<field name="samplingPacketInterval" dataType="unsigned32"
elementId="305" status="current" group="common">
<description>
Number of packets that are consecutively sampled.
For example a value of 100 means that 100 contiguous
packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to
describe the configuration of a systematic count-based
sampling Selector.
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingPacketSpace" dataType="unsigned32"
elementId="306" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The number of packets between two
"samplingPacketInterval"s. A value of 100 means that the
next interval starts after 100 packets (which are not
sampled) when the current "samplingPacketInterval" is over.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a systematic count-based sampling
Selector.
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingTimeInterval" dataType="dateTimeMicroseconds"
elementId="307" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The time interval in microseconds during which all arriving
packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a systematic time-based sampling Selector.
</description>
<units>microseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingTimeSpace" dataType="dateTimeMicroseconds"
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elementId="308" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The time interval in microseconds between two
"samplingTimeInterval"s. A value of 100 means that the
next interval starts after 100 microseconds (during which no
packets are sampled) when the current "samplingTimeInterval"
is over.
For example, this Information Element may used to describe the
configuration of a systematic time-based sampling Selector.
</description>
<units>microseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingSize" dataType="unsigned32"
elementId="309" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The number of elements taken from the parent
Population for random sampling algorithms.
For examle, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a random n-out-of-N sampling Selector.
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingPopulation" dataType="unsigned32"
elementId="310" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The number of elements in the parent Population
for random sampling algorithms.
For example, this Information Element may be used to
describe the configuration of a random n-out-of-N
sampling Selector.
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingProbability" dataType="float64"
elementId="311" status="current" group="common">
<description>
The probability that a packet is sampled,
expressed as a value between 0 and 1.
The probability is equal for every packet.
A value of 0 means no packet was sampled
since the probability is 0.
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For example, this Information Element may be used to
describe the configuration of a uniform probabilistic
sampling Selector.
</description>
</field>
<field name="dataLinkFrameSize"
dataType="unsigned32"
elementId="312" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the size of the sampled
data link frame, and SHOULD be checked before analysing
higher layer protocols.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
</description>
</field>
<field name="ipHeaderPacketSection"
dataType="octetArray"
elementId="313" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets
from the start of the IP header of a sampled packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports
octets from the IP payload, subject to [RFC2804].
See the Security Considerations section.
The size of the exported section may be constrained
due to limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified
in the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
</description>
</field>
<field name="ipPayloadPacketSection"
dataType="octetArray"
elementId="314" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets
from the start of the IP payload of a sampled packet.
The IPv4 payload is that part of the packet which follows the
IPv4 header and any options, which [RFC0791]
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refers to as "data" or "data octets".
e.g., see the examples in [RFC0791]
APPENDIX A.
The IPv6 payload is the rest of the packet following the
40 octet IPv6 header. Note that any extension headers present
are considered part of the payload.
See [RFC2460] for the IPv6 specification.
The size of the exported section may be constrained
due to limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified
in the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
</description>
</field>
<field name="dataLinkFrameSection"
dataType="octetArray"
elementId="315" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets
from the data link frame of a sampled packet.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
The size of the exported section may be constrained
due to limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified
in the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
</description>
</field>
<field name="mplsLabelStackSection"
dataType="octetArray"
elementId="316" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets
from the MPLS label stack of a sampled packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports
octets from the MPLS payload, subject to [RFC2804].
See the Security Considerations section.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
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See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained
due to limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified
in the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
</description>
</field>
<field name="mplsPayloadPacketSection"
dataType="octetArray"
elementId="317" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets
from the MPLS payload of a sampled packet, being data
that follows immediately after the MPLS label stack.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained
due to limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
If insufficient octets are available for the length specified
in the Template, the Information Element MUST NOT be padded.
</description>
</field>
<field name="SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="totalCounter" elementId="318"
status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the total number of packets
observed by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="totalCounter" elementId="319"
status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the total number of packets
selected by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
</description>
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<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="fixedError" dataType="float64"
elementId="320" status="current" group="common">
<description>
Specifies the maximum possible positive or negative error
interval of the reported value for a given Information
Element.
</description>
<units>
The units of the Information Element
for which the error is specified.
</units>
</field>
<field name="relativeError" dataType="float64"
elementId="321" status="current" group="common">
<description>
Specifies the maximum possible positive or negative
error ratio for a given Information Element.
</description>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeSeconds"
dataType="dateTimeSeconds"
elementId="322" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
seconds of an observation.
</description>
<units>seconds</units>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeMilliseconds"
dataType="dateTimeMilliseconds"
elementId="323" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
milliseconds of an observation.
</description>
<units>milliseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeMicroseconds"
dataType="dateTimeMicroseconds"
elementId="324" status="current" group="common">
<description>
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This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
microseconds of an observation.
</description>
<units>microseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeNanoseconds"
dataType="dateTimeNanoseconds"
elementId="325" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
nanoseconds of an observation.
</description>
<units>nanoseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="digestHashValue" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="326" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the value from the digest
hash function.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashIPPayloadOffset" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="327" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the IP payload offset used
by a hash based Selector.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashIPPayloadSize" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="328" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element specifies the IP payload size used
by a hash based Selector.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashOutputRangeMin" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="329" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the value for the
beginning of a hash function's potential output range.
</description>
</field>
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-06.txt [Page 45]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model June 2007
<field name="hashOutputRangeMax" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="330" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the value for the end of
a hash function's potential output range.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashSelectedRangeMin" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="331" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the value for the
beginning of a hash function's selected range.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashSelectedRangeMax" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="332" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the value for the end of a
hash function's selected range.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashDigestOutput" dataType="boolean"
elementId="333" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element contains a boolean value which is
TRUE if the output from this hash Selector has been
configured to be included in the packet report as a packet
digest, else FALSE.
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashInitialiserValue" dataType="unsigned64"
elementId="334" status="current" group="common">
<description>
This Information Element describes the initialiser value to
the hash function.
</description>
</field>
</fieldDefinitions>
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-06.txt [Page 46]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model June 2007
Authors' Addresses
Thomas Dietz
NEC Europe Ltd.
Network Laboratories
Kurfuersten-Anlage 36
Heidelberg 69115
Germany
Phone: +49 6221 90511-28
Email: dietz@netlab.nec.de
URI: http://www.netlab.nec.de/
Falko Dressler
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Dept. of Computer Sciences
Martensstr. 3
Erlangen 91058
Germany
Phone: +49 9131 85-27914
Email: dressler@informatik.uni-erlangen.de
URI: http://www7.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/~dressler
Georg Carle
University of Tuebingen
Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science
Auf der Morgenstelle 10C
Tuebingen 71076
Germany
Phone: +49 7071 29-70505
Email: carle@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
URI: http://net.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~carle/
Benoit Claise
Cisco Systems, Inc.
De Kleetlaan 6a b1
Degem 1813
Belgium
Phone: +32 2 704 5622
Email: bclaise@cisco.com
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-06.txt [Page 47]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model June 2007
Paul Aitken
Cisco Systems, Inc.
96 Commercial Quay
Edinburgh EH6 6LX
Scotland
Phone: +44 131 561 3616
Email: paitken@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-06.txt [Page 48]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model June 2007
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Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-06.txt [Page 49]
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