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Network Working Group R. Stewart
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc.
Expires: January 10, 2008 Q. Xie
Motorola, Inc.
L. Yarroll
TimeSys Corp
K. Poon
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
M. Tuexen
Univ. of Applied Sciences Muenster
July 9, 2007
Sockets API Extensions for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-15.txt
Status of this Memo
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
Abstract
This document describes a mapping of the Stream Control Transmission
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Protocol SCTP into a sockets API. The benefits of this mapping
include compatibility for TCP applications, access to new SCTP
features and a consolidated error and event notification scheme.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1. Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. one-to-many style Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1. Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.1. socket() - one-to-many style socket . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1.2. bind() - one-to-many style socket . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.3. listen() - One-to-many style socket . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.4. sendmsg() and recvmsg() - one-to-many style socket . . 9
3.1.5. close() - one-to-many style socket . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.6. connect() - one-to-many style socket . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2. Implicit Association Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3. Non-blocking mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.4. Special considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. one-to-one style Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1. Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1.1. socket() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.2. bind() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1.3. listen() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.4. accept() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.5. connect() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1.6. close() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.7. shutdown() - one-to-one style socket . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.8. sendmsg() and recvmsg() - one-to-one style socket . . 20
4.1.9. getpeername() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5. Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.1. The msghdr and cmsghdr Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.2. SCTP msg_control Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.1. SCTP Initiation Structure (SCTP_INIT) . . . . . . . . 23
5.2.2. SCTP Header Information Structure (SCTP_SNDRCV) . . . 24
5.2.3. Extended SCTP Header Information Structure
(SCTP_EXTRCV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3. SCTP Events and Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.1. SCTP Notification Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4. Ancillary Data Considerations and Semantics . . . . . . . 40
5.4.1. Multiple Items and Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.4.2. Accessing and Manipulating Ancillary Data . . . . . . 40
5.4.3. Control Message Buffer Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6. Common Operations for Both Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.1. send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom() . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.2. setsockopt(), getsockopt() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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6.3. read() and write() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.4. getsockname() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7. Socket Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.1. Read / Write Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7.1.1. Retransmission Timeout Parameters (SCTP_RTOINFO) . . . 46
7.1.2. Association Parameters (SCTP_ASSOCINFO) . . . . . . . 47
7.1.3. Initialization Parameters (SCTP_INITMSG) . . . . . . . 49
7.1.4. SO_LINGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.1.5. SCTP_NODELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.1.6. SO_RCVBUF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.1.7. SO_SNDBUF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.1.8. Automatic Close of associations (SCTP_AUTOCLOSE) . . . 50
7.1.9. Set Peer Primary Address
(SCTP_SET_PEER_PRIMARY_ADDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.1.10. Set Primary Address (SCTP_PRIMARY_ADDR) . . . . . . . 51
7.1.11. Set Adaptation Layer Indicator
(SCTP_ADAPTATION_LAYER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7.1.12. Enable/Disable message fragmentation
(SCTP_DISABLE_FRAGMENTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7.1.13. Peer Address Parameters (SCTP_PEER_ADDR_PARAMS) . . . 52
7.1.14. Set default send parameters
(SCTP_DEFAULT_SEND_PARAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.1.15. Set notification and ancillary events (SCTP_EVENTS) . 54
7.1.16. Set/clear IPv4 mapped addresses
(SCTP_I_WANT_MAPPED_V4_ADDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.1.17. Get or set the maximum fragmentation size
(SCTP_MAXSEG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
7.1.18. Add a chunk that must be authenticated
(SCTP_AUTH_CHUNK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
7.1.19. Get or set the list of supported HMAC Identifiers
(SCTP_HMAC_IDENT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.1.20. Set a shared key (SCTP_AUTH_KEY) . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.1.21. Get or set the active shared key
(SCTP_AUTH_ACTIVE_KEY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.1.22. Delete a shared key (SCTP_AUTH_DELETE_KEY) . . . . . . 58
7.1.23. Get or set delayed ack timer (SCTP_DELAYED_SACK) . . . 58
7.1.24. Get or set fragmented interleave
(SCTP_FRAGMENT_INTERLEAVE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
7.1.25. Set or Get the sctp partial delivery point
(SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_POINT) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7.1.26. Set or Get the use of extended receive info
(SCTP_USE_EXT_RCVINFO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7.1.27. Set or Get the auto asconf flag (SCTP_AUTO_ASCONF) . . 61
7.1.28. Set or Get the maximum burst (SCTP_MAX_BURST) . . . . 61
7.1.29. Set or Get the default context (SCTP_CONTEXT) . . . . 61
7.1.30. Enable or disable explicit EOR marking
(SCTP_EXPLICIT_EOR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.2. Read-Only Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
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7.2.1. Association Status (SCTP_STATUS) . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.2.2. Peer Address Information (SCTP_GET_PEER_ADDR_INFO) . . 63
7.2.3. Get the list of chunks the peer requires to be
authenticated (SCTP_PEER_AUTH_CHUNKS) . . . . . . . . 64
7.2.4. Get the list of chunks the local endpoint requires
to be authenticated (SCTP_LOCAL_AUTH_CHUNKS) . . . . . 65
7.2.5. Get the current number of associations
(SCTP_GET_ASSOC_NUMBER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7.2.6. Get the current identifiers of associations
(SCTP_GET_ASSOC_ID_LIST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7.3. Ancillary Data and Notification Interest Options . . . . . 66
8. New Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
8.1. sctp_bindx() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
8.2. Branched-off Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
8.3. sctp_getpaddrs() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.4. sctp_freepaddrs() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
8.5. sctp_getladdrs() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
8.6. sctp_freeladdrs() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.7. sctp_sendmsg() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.8. sctp_recvmsg() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.9. sctp_connectx() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8.10. sctp_send() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
8.11. sctp_sendx() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
8.12. sctp_getaddrlen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
9. Preprocessor Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
10. IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
13. Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Appendix A. one-to-one style Code Example . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Appendix B. one-to-many style Code Example . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 87
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1. Introduction
The sockets API has provided a standard mapping of the Internet
Protocol suite to many operating systems. Both TCP RFC793 [RFC0793]
and UDP RFC768 [RFC0768] have benefited from this standard
representation and access method across many diverse platforms. SCTP
is a new protocol that provides many of the characteristics of TCP
but also incorporates semantics more akin to UDP. This document
defines a method to map the existing sockets API for use with SCTP,
providing both a base for access to new features and compatibility so
that most existing TCP applications can be migrated to SCTP with few
(if any) changes.
There are three basic design objectives:
1) Maintain consistency with existing sockets APIs:
We define a sockets mapping for SCTP that is consistent with other
sockets API protocol mappings (for instance, UDP, TCP, IPv4, and
IPv6).
2) Support a one-to-many style interface
This set of semantics is similar to that defined for connection-
less protocols, such as UDP. A one-to-many style SCTP socket
should be able to control multiple SCTP associations. This is
similar to an UDP socket, which can communicate with many peer end
points. Each of these associations is assigned an association ID
so that an applications can use the ID to differentiate them.
Note that SCTP is connection-oriented in nature, and it does not
support broadcast or multicast communications, as UDP does.
3) Support a one-to-one style interface
This interface supports a similar semantics as sockets for
connection-oriented protocols, such as TCP. A one-to-one style
SCTP socket should only control one SCTP association.
One purpose of defining this interface is to allow existing
applications built on other connection-oriented protocols be
ported to use SCTP with very little effort. And developers
familiar with those semantics can easily adapt to SCTP. Another
purpose is to make sure that existing mechanisms in most OSes to
deal with socket, such as select(), should continue to work with
this style of socket.
Extensions are added to this mapping to provide mechanisms to
exploit new features of SCTP.
Goals 2 and 3 are not compatible, so in this document we define two
modes of mapping, namely the one-to-many style mapping and the one-
to-one style mapping. These two modes share some common data
structures and operations, but will require the use of two different
application programming styles. Note that all new SCTP features can
be used with both styles of socket. The decision on which one to use
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depends mainly on the nature of applications.
A mechanism is defined to extract a one-to-many style SCTP
association into a one-to-one style socket.
Some of the SCTP mechanisms cannot be adequately mapped to existing
socket interface. In some cases, it is more desirable to have new
interface instead of using existing socket calls. Section 8 of this
document describes those new interface.
2. Conventions
2.1. Data Types
Whenever possible, data types from Draft 6.6 (March 1997) of POSIX
1003.1g are used: uintN_t means an unsigned integer of exactly N bits
(e.g., uint16_t). We also assume the argument data types from
1003.1g when possible (e.g., the final argument to setsockopt() is a
size_t value). Whenever buffer sizes are specified, the POSIX 1003.1
size_t data type is used.
3. one-to-many style Interface
The one-to-many style interface has the following characteristics:
A) Outbound association setup is implicit.
B) Messages are delivered in complete messages (with one notable
exception).
C) There is a 1 to MANY relationship between socket and association.
3.1. Basic Operation
A typical server in this style uses the following socket calls in
sequence to prepare an endpoint for servicing requests:
1. socket()
2. bind()
3. listen()
4. recvmsg()
5. sendmsg()
6. close()
A typical client uses the following calls in sequence to setup an
association with a server to request services:
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1. socket()
2. sendmsg()
3. recvmsg()
4. close()
In this style, by default, all the associations connected to the
endpoint are represented with a single socket. Each associations is
assigned an association ID (type is sctp_assoc_t) so that an
application can use it to differentiate between them. In some
implementations, the peer endpoints addresses can also be used for
this purpose. But this is not required for performance reasons. If
an implementation does not support using addresses to differentiate
between different associations, the sendto() call can only be used to
setup an association implicitly. It cannot be used to send data to
an established association as the association ID cannot be specified.
Once as association ID is assigned to an SCTP association, that ID
will not be reused until the application explicitly terminates the
association. The resources belonged to that association will not be
freed until that happens. This is similar to the close() operation
on a normal socket. The only exception is when the SCTP_AUTOCLOSE
option (section 7.1.8) is set. In this case, after the association
is terminated gracefully automatically, the association ID assigned
to it can be reused. All applications using this option should be
aware of this to avoid the possible problem of sending data to an
incorrect peer end point.
If the server or client wishes to branch an existing association off
to a separate socket, it is required to call sctp_peeloff() and in
the parameter specifies the association identification. The
sctp_peeloff() call will return a new socket which can then be used
with recv() and send() functions for message passing. See
Section 8.2 for more on branched-off associations.
Once an association is branched off to a separate socket, it becomes
completely separated from the original socket. All subsequent
control and data operations to that association must be done through
the new socket. For example, the close operation on the original
socket will not terminate any associations that have been branched
off to a different socket.
We will discuss the one-to-many style socket calls in more details in
the following subsections.
3.1.1. socket() - one-to-many style socket
Applications use socket() to create a socket descriptor to represent
an SCTP endpoint.
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The syntax is,
sd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_SEQPACKET, IPPROTO_SCTP);
or,
sd = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_SEQPACKET, IPPROTO_SCTP);
Here, SOCK_SEQPACKET indicates the creation of a one-to-many style
socket.
The first form creates an endpoint which can use only IPv4 addresses,
while, the second form creates an endpoint which can use both IPv6
and IPv4 addresses.
3.1.2. bind() - one-to-many style socket
Applications use bind() to specify which local address the SCTP
endpoint should associate itself with.
An SCTP endpoint can be associated with multiple addresses. To do
this, sctp_bindx() is introduced in section Section 8.1 to help
applications do the job of associating multiple addresses.
These addresses associated with a socket are the eligible transport
addresses for the endpoint to send and receive data. The endpoint
will also present these addresses to its peers during the association
initialization process, see RFC2960 [RFC2960].
After calling bind(), if the endpoint wishes to accept new
associations on the socket, it must call listen() (see section
Section 3.1.3).
The syntax of bind() is,
ret = bind(int sd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
sd - the socket descriptor returned by socket().
addr - the address structure (struct sockaddr_in or struct
sockaddr_in6 RFC2553 [RFC2553]).
addrlen - the size of the address structure.
If sd is an IPv4 socket, the address passed must be an IPv4 address.
If the sd is an IPv6 socket, the address passed can either be an IPv4
or an IPv6 address.
Applications cannot call bind() multiple times to associate multiple
addresses to an endpoint. After the first call to bind(), all
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subsequent calls will return an error.
If addr is specified as a wildcard (INADDR_ANY for an IPv4 address,
or as IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT or in6addr_any for an IPv6 address), the
operating system will associate the endpoint with an optimal address
set of the available interfaces.
If a bind() is not called prior to a sendmsg() call that initiates a
new association, the system picks an ephemeral port and will choose
an address set equivalent to binding with a wildcard address. One of
those addresses will be the primary address for the association.
This automatically enables the multi-homing capability of SCTP.
3.1.3. listen() - One-to-many style socket
By default, new associations are not accepted for one-to-many style
sockets. An application uses listen() to mark a socket as being able
to accept new associations. The syntax is,
int listen(int sd, int backlog);
sd - the socket descriptor of the endpoint.
backlog - if backlog is non-zero, enable listening else disable
listening.
Note that one-to-many style socket consumers do not need to call
accept to retrieve new associations. Calling accept() on a one-to-
many style socket should return EOPNOTSUPP. Rather, new associations
are accepted automatically, and notifications of the new associations
are delivered via recvmsg() with the SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE event (if
these notifications are enabled). Clients will typically not call
listen(), so that they can be assured that the only associations on
the socket will be ones they actively initiated. Server or peer-to-
peer sockets, on the other hand, will always accept new associations,
so a well-written application using server one-to-many style sockets
must be prepared to handle new associations from unwanted peers.
Also note that the SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE event provides the association
ID for a new association, so if applications wish to use the
association ID as input to other socket calls, they should ensure
that the SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE event is enabled.
3.1.4. sendmsg() and recvmsg() - one-to-many style socket
An application uses sendmsg() and recvmsg() call to transmit data to
and receive data from its peer.
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ssize_t sendmsg(int sd, const struct msghdr *message, int flags);
ssize_t recvmsg(int sd, struct msghdr *message, int flags);
sd - the socket descriptor of the endpoint.
message: pointer to the msghdr structure which contains a single
user message and possibly some ancillary data. See Section 5 for
complete description of the data structures.
flags - No new flags are defined for SCTP at this level. See
Section 5 for SCTP-specific flags used in the msghdr structure.
As we will see in Section 5, along with the user data, the ancillary
data field is used to carry the sctp_sndrcvinfo and/or the
sctp_initmsg structures to perform various SCTP functions including
specifying options for sending each user message. Those options,
depending on whether sending or receiving, include stream number,
stream sequence number, various flags, context and payload protocol
Id, etc.
When sending user data with sendmsg(), the msg_name field in msghdr
structure will be filled with one of the transport addresses of the
intended receiver. If there is no association existing between the
sender and the intended receiver, the sender's SCTP stack will set up
a new association and then send the user data (see Section 3.2 for
more on implicit association setup).
If a peer sends a SHUTDOWN, a SCTP_SHUTDOWN_EVENT notification will
be delivered if that notification has been enabled, and no more data
can be sent to that association. Any attempt to send more data will
cause sendmsg() to return with an ESHUTDOWN error. Note that the
socket is still open for reading at this point so it is possible to
retrieve notifications.
When receiving a user message with recvmsg(), the msg_name field in
msghdr structure will be populated with the source transport address
of the user data. The caller of recvmsg() can use this address
information to determine to which association the received user
message belongs. Note that if SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE events are disabled,
applications must use the peer transport address provided in the
msg_name field by recvmsg() to perform correlation to an association,
since they will not have the association ID.
If all data in a single message has been delivered, MSG_EOR will be
set in the msg_flags field of the msghdr structure (see section
Section 5.1).
If the application does not provide enough buffer space to completely
receive a data message, MSG_EOR will not be set in msg_flags.
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Successive reads will consume more of the same message until the
entire message has been delivered, and MSG_EOR will be set.
If the SCTP stack is running low on buffers, it may partially deliver
a message. In this case, MSG_EOR will not be set, and more calls to
recvmsg() will be necessary to completely consume the message. Only
one message at a time can be partially delivered in any stream. The
socket option SCTP_FRAGMENT_INTERLEAVE controls various aspects of
what interlacing of messages occurs for both the one-to-one and the
one-to-many model sockets. Please consult Section 7.1.24 for further
details on message delivery options.
Note, if the socket is a branched-off socket that only represents one
association (see Section 3.1), the msg_name field can be used to
override the primary address when sending data.
3.1.5. close() - one-to-many style socket
Applications use close() to perform graceful shutdown (as described
in Section 10.1 of RFC2960 [RFC2960]) on ALL the associations
currently represented by a one-to-many style socket.
The syntax is:
ret = close(int sd);
sd - the socket descriptor of the associations to be closed.
To gracefully shutdown a specific association represented by the one-
to-many style socket, an application should use the sendmsg() call,
and including the SCTP_EOF flag. A user may optionally terminate an
association non-gracefully by sending with the SCTP_ABORT flag and
possibly passing a user specified abort code in the data field. Both
flags SCTP_EOF and SCTP_ABORT are passed with ancillary data (see
Section 5.2.2) in the sendmsg call.
If sd in the close() call is a branched-off socket representing only
one association, the shutdown is performed on that association only.
3.1.6. connect() - one-to-many style socket
An application may use the connect() call in the one-to-many style to
initiate an association without sending data.
The syntax is:
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ret = connect(int sd, const struct sockaddr *nam, socklen_t len);
sd - the socket descriptor to have a new association added to.
nam - the address structure (either struct sockaddr_in or struct
sockaddr_in6 defined in RFC2553 [RFC2553]).
len - the size of the address.
Multiple connect() calls can be made on the same socket to create
multiple associations. This is different from the semantics of
connect() on a UDP socket.
3.2. Implicit Association Setup
Once the bind() call is complete on a one-to-many style socket, the
application can begin sending and receiving data using the sendmsg()/
recvmsg() or sendto()/recvfrom() calls, without going through any
explicit association setup procedures (i.e., no connect() calls
required).
Whenever sendmsg() or sendto() is called and the SCTP stack at the
sender finds that there is no association existing between the sender
and the intended receiver (identified by the address passed either in
the msg_name field of msghdr structure in the sendmsg() call or the
dest_addr field in the sendto() call), the SCTP stack will
automatically setup an association to the intended receiver.
Upon the successful association setup a SCTP_COMM_UP notification
will be dispatched to the socket at both the sender and receiver
side. This notification can be read by the recvmsg() system call
(see Section 3.1.3).
Note, if the SCTP stack at the sender side supports bundling, the
first user message may be bundled with the COOKIE ECHO message
RFC2960 [RFC2960].
When the SCTP stack sets up a new association implicitly, it first
consults the sctp_initmsg structure, which is passed along within the
ancillary data in the sendmsg() call (see Section 5.2.1 for details
of the data structures), for any special options to be used on the
new association.
If this information is not present in the sendmsg() call, or if the
implicit association setup is triggered by a sendto() call, the
default association initialization parameters will be used. These
default association parameters may be set with respective
setsockopt() calls or be left to the system defaults.
Implicit association setup cannot be initiated by send()/recv()
calls.
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3.3. Non-blocking mode
Some SCTP users might want to avoid blocking when they call socket
interface function.
Once all bind() calls are complete on a one-to-many style socket, the
application must set the non-blocking option by a fcntl() (such as
O_NONBLOCK). After which the sendmsg() function returns immediately,
and the success or failure of the data message (and possible
SCTP_INITMSG parameters) will be signaled by the SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE
event with SCTP_COMM_UP or CANT_START_ASSOC. If user data could not
be sent (due to a CANT_START_ASSOC), the sender will also receive a
SCTP_SEND_FAILED event. Those event(s) can be received by the user
calling of recvmsg(). A server (having called listen()) is also
notified of an association up event by the reception of a
SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE with SCTP_COMM_UP via the calling of recvmsg() and
possibly the reception of the first data message.
In order to shutdown the association gracefully, the user must call
sendmsg() with no data and with the SCTP_EOF flag set. The function
returns immediately, and completion of the graceful shutdown is
indicated by an SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE notification of type
SHUTDOWN_COMPLETE (see Section 5.3.1.1). Note that this can also be
done using the sctp_send() call described in Section 8.10.
An application is recommended to use caution when using select() (or
poll()) for writing on a one-to-many style socket. The reason being
that interpretation of select on write is implementation specific.
Generally a positive return on a select on write would only indicate
that one of the associations represented by the one-to-many socket is
writable. An application that writes after the select return may
still block since the association that was writeable is not the
destination association of the write call. Likewise select (or
poll()) for reading from a one-to-many socket will only return an
indication that one of the associations represented by the socket has
data to be read.
An application that wishes to know that a particular association is
ready for reading or writing should either use the one-to-one style
or use the sctp_peeloff() (see Section 8.2) function to separate the
association of interest from the one-to-many socket.
3.4. Special considerations
The fact that a one-to-many style socket can provide access to many
SCTP associations through a single socket descriptor has important
implications for both application programmers and system programmers
implementing this API. A key issue is how buffer space inside the
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sockets layer is managed. Because this implementation detail
directly affects how application programmers must write their code to
ensure correct operation and portability, this section provides some
guidance to both implementors and application programmers.
An important feature that SCTP shares with TCP is flow control:
specifically, a sender may not send data faster than the receiver can
consume it.
For TCP, flow control is typically provided for in the sockets API as
follows. If the reader stops reading, the sender queues messages in
the socket layer until it uses all of its socket buffer space
allocation creating a "stalled connection". Further attempts to
write to the socket will block or return the error EAGAIN or
EWOULDBLOCK for a non-blocking socket. At some point, either the
connection is closed, or the receiver begins to read again freeing
space in the output queue.
For one-to-one style SCTP sockets (this includes sockets descriptors
that were separated from a one-to-many style socket with
sctp_peeloff()) the behavior is identical. For one-to-many style
SCTP sockets, the fact that we have multiple associations on a single
socket makes the situation more complicated. If the implementation
uses a single buffer space allocation shared by all associations, a
single stalled association can prevent the further sending of data on
all associations active on a particular one-to-many style socket.
For a blocking socket, it should be clear that a single stalled
association can block the entire socket. For this reason,
application programmers may want to use non-blocking one-to-many
style sockets. The application should at least be able to send
messages to the non-stalled associations.
But a non-blocking socket is not sufficient if the API implementor
has chosen a single shared buffer allocation for the socket. A
single stalled association would eventually cause the shared
allocation to fill, and it would become impossible to send even to
non-stalled associations.
The API implementor can solve this problem by providing each
association with its own allocation of outbound buffer space. Each
association should conceptually have as much buffer space as it would
have if it had its own socket. As a bonus, this simplifies the
implementation of sctp_peeloff().
To ensure that a given stalled association will not prevent other
non-stalled associations from being writable, application programmers
should either:
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(a) demand that the underlying implementation dedicates independent
buffer space allotments to each association (as suggested above),
or
(b) verify that their application layer protocol does not permit
large amounts of unread data at the receiver (this is true of some
request-response protocols, for example), or
(c) use one-to-one style sockets for association which may
potentially stall (either from the beginning, or by using
sctp_peeloff before sending large amounts of data that may cause a
stalled condition).
An implementation which dedicates independent buffer space for
each association should define HAVE_SCTP_MULTIBUF to 1.
4. one-to-one style Interface
The goal of this style is to follow as closely as possible the
current practice of using the sockets interface for a connection
oriented protocol, such as TCP. This style enables existing
applications using connection oriented protocols to be ported to SCTP
with very little effort.
Note that some new SCTP features and some new SCTP socket options can
only be utilized through the use of sendmsg() and recvmsg() calls,
see Section 4.1.8. Also note that some socket interfaces may not be
able to provide data on the third leg of the association set up with
this interface style.
4.1. Basic Operation
A typical server in one-to-one style uses the following system call
sequence to prepare an SCTP endpoint for servicing requests:
1. socket()
2. bind()
3. listen()
4. accept()
The accept() call blocks until a new association is set up. It
returns with a new socket descriptor. The server then uses the new
socket descriptor to communicate with the client, using recv() and
send() calls to get requests and send back responses.
Then it calls
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5. close()
to terminate the association.
A typical client uses the following system call sequence to setup an
association with a server to request services:
1. socket()
2. connect()
After returning from connect(), the client uses send() and recv()
calls to send out requests and receive responses from the server.
The client calls
3. close()
to terminate this association when done.
4.1.1. socket() - one-to-one style socket
Applications calls socket() to create a socket descriptor to
represent an SCTP endpoint.
The syntax is:
int socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_SCTP);
or,
int socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_SCTP);
Here, SOCK_STREAM indicates the creation of a one-to-one style
socket.
The first form creates an endpoint which can use only IPv4 addresses,
while the second form creates an endpoint which can use both IPv6 and
IPv4 addresses.
4.1.2. bind() - one-to-one style socket
Applications use bind() to pass an address to be associated with an
SCTP endpoint to the system. bind() allows only either a single
address or a IPv4 or IPv6 wildcard address to be bound. An SCTP
endpoint can be associated with multiple addresses. To do this,
sctp_bindx() is introduced in Section 8.1 to help applications do the
job of associating multiple addresses.
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These addresses associated with a socket are the eligible transport
addresses for the endpoint to send and receive data. The endpoint
will also present these addresses to its peers during the association
initialization process, see RFC2960 [RFC2960].
The syntax is:
int bind(int sd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
sd: the socket descriptor returned by socket() call.
addr: the address structure (either struct sockaddr_in or struct
sockaddr_in6 defined in RFC2553 [RFC2553]).
addrlen: the size of the address structure.
If sd is an IPv4 socket, the address passed must be an IPv4 address.
Otherwise, i.e., the sd is an IPv6 socket, the address passed can
either be an IPv4 or an IPv6 address.
Applications cannot call bind() multiple times to associate multiple
addresses to the endpoint. After the first call to bind(), all
subsequent calls will return an error.
If addr is specified as a wildcard (INADDR_ANY for an IPv4 address,
or as IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT or in6addr_any for an IPv6 address), the
operating system will associate the endpoint with an optimal address
set of the available interfaces.
If a bind() is not called prior to the connect() call, the system
picks an ephemeral port and will choose an address set equivalent to
binding with a wildcard address. One of those addresses will be the
primary address for the association. This automatically enables the
multi-homing capability of SCTP.
The completion of this bind() process does not ready the SCTP
endpoint to accept inbound SCTP association requests. Until a
listen() system call, described below, is performed on the socket,
the SCTP endpoint will promptly reject an inbound SCTP INIT request
with an SCTP ABORT.
4.1.3. listen() - one-to-one style socket
Applications use listen() to ready the SCTP endpoint for accepting
inbound associations.
The syntax is:
int listen(int sd, int backlog);
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sd: the socket descriptor of the SCTP endpoint.
backlog: this specifies the max number of outstanding associations
allowed in the socket's accept queue. These are the associations
that have finished the four-way initiation handshake (see Section
5 of RFC2960 [RFC2960]) and are in the ESTABLISHED state. Note, a
backlog of '0' indicates that the caller no longer wishes to
receive new associations.
4.1.4. accept() - one-to-one style socket
Applications use accept() call to remove an established SCTP
association from the accept queue of the endpoint. A new socket
descriptor will be returned from accept() to represent the newly
formed association.
The syntax is:
new_sd = accept(int sd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
new_sd - the socket descriptor for the newly formed association.
sd - the listening socket descriptor.
addr - on return, will contain the primary address of the peer
endpoint.
addrlen - on return, will contain the size of addr.
4.1.5. connect() - one-to-one style socket
Applications use connect() to initiate an association to a peer.
The syntax is:
int connect(int sd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
sd - the socket descriptor of the endpoint.
addr - the peer's address.
addrlen - the size of the address.
This operation corresponds to the ASSOCIATE primitive described in
section 10.1 of RFC2960 [RFC2960].
By default, the new association created has only one outbound stream.
The SCTP_INITMSG option described in Section 7.1.3 should be used
before connecting to change the number of outbound streams.
If a bind() is not called prior to the connect() call, the system
picks an ephemeral port and will choose an address set equivalent to
binding with INADDR_ANY and IN6ADDR_ANY for IPv4 and IPv6 socket
respectively. One of those addresses will be the primary address for
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the association. This automatically enables the multi-homing
capability of SCTP.
Note that SCTP allows data exchange, similar to T/TCP RFC1644
[RFC1644], during the association set up phase. If an application
wants to do this, it cannot use connect() call. Instead, it should
use sendto() or sendmsg() to initiate an association. If it uses
sendto() and it wants to change initialization behavior, it needs to
use the SCTP_INITMSG socket option before calling sendto(). Or it
can use SCTP_INIT type sendmsg() to initiate an association without
doing the setsockopt(). Note that some sockets implementations may
not support the sending of data to initiate an association with the
one-to-one style (implementations that do not support T/TCP normally
have this restriction). Implementations which allow sending of data
to initiate an association without calling connect() define the
preprocessor constant HAVE_SCTP_NOCONNECT to 1.
SCTP does not support half close semantics. This means that unlike
T/TCP, MSG_EOF should not be set in the flags parameter when calling
sendto() or sendmsg() when the call is used to initiate a connection.
MSG_EOF is not an acceptable flag with SCTP socket.
4.1.6. close() - one-to-one style socket
Applications use close() to gracefully close down an association.
The syntax is:
int close(int sd);
sd - the socket descriptor of the association to be closed.
After an application calls close() on a socket descriptor, no further
socket operations will succeed on that descriptor.
4.1.7. shutdown() - one-to-one style socket
SCTP differs from TCP in that it does not have half closed semantics.
Hence the shutdown() call for SCTP is an approximation of the TCP
shutdown() call, and solves some different problems. Full TCP-
compatibility is not provided, so developers porting TCP applications
to SCTP may need to recode sections that use shutdown(). (Note that
it is possible to achieve the same results as half close in SCTP
using SCTP streams.)
The syntax is:
int shutdown(int sd, int how);
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sd - the socket descriptor of the association to be closed.
how - Specifies the type of shutdown. The values are as follows:
SHUT_RD - Disables further receive operations. No SCTP protocol
action is taken.
SHUT_WR - Disables further send operations, and initiates the
SCTP shutdown sequence.
SHUT_RDWR - Disables further send and receive operations and
initiates the SCTP shutdown sequence.
The major difference between SCTP and TCP shutdown() is that SCTP
SHUT_WR initiates immediate and full protocol shutdown, whereas TCP
SHUT_WR causes TCP to go into the half closed state. SHUT_RD behaves
the same for SCTP as TCP. The purpose of SCTP SHUT_WR is to close
the SCTP association while still leaving the socket descriptor open,
so that the caller can receive back any data SCTP was unable to
deliver (see Section 5.3.1.4 for more information).
To perform the ABORT operation described in RFC2960 [RFC2960] section
10.1, an application can use the socket option SO_LINGER. It is
described in Section 7.1.4.
4.1.8. sendmsg() and recvmsg() - one-to-one style socket
With a one-to-one style socket, the application can also use
sendmsg() and recvmsg() to transmit data to and receive data from its
peer. The semantics is similar to those used in the one-to-many
style (section Section 3.1.3), with the following differences:
1) When sending, the msg_name field in the msghdr is not used to
specify the intended receiver, rather it is used to indicate a
preferred peer address if the sender wishes to discourage the stack
from sending the message to the primary address of the receiver. If
the transport address given is not part of the current association,
the data will not be sent and a SCTP_SEND_FAILED event will be
delivered to the application if send failure events are enabled.
4.1.9. getpeername()
Applications use getpeername() to retrieve the primary socket address
of the peer. This call is for TCP compatibility, and is not multi-
homed. It does not work with one-to-many style sockets. See
Section 8.3 for a multi-homed/one-to-many style version of the call.
The syntax is:
int getpeername(int sd, struct sockaddr *address,
socklen_t *len);
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sd - the socket descriptor to be queried.
address - On return, the peer primary address is stored in this
buffer. If the socket is an IPv4 socket, the address will be
IPv4. If the socket is an IPv6 socket, the address will be either
an IPv6 or IPv4 address.
len - The caller should set the length of address here. On return,
this is set to the length of the returned address.
If the actual length of the address is greater than the length of the
supplied sockaddr structure, the stored address will be truncated.
5. Data Structures
We discuss in this section important data structures which are
specific to SCTP and are used with sendmsg() and recvmsg() calls to
control SCTP endpoint operations and to access ancillary information
and notifications.
5.1. The msghdr and cmsghdr Structures
The msghdr structure used in the sendmsg() and recvmsg() calls, as
well as the ancillary data carried in the structure, is the key for
the application to set and get various control information from the
SCTP endpoint.
The msghdr and the related cmsghdr structures are defined and
discussed in details in RFC2292 [RFC2292]. Here we will cite their
definitions from RFC2292 [RFC2292].
The msghdr structure:
struct msghdr {
void *msg_name; /* ptr to socket address structure */
socklen_t msg_namelen; /* size of socket address structure */
struct iovec *msg_iov; /* scatter/gather array */
size_t msg_iovlen; /* # elements in msg_iov */
void *msg_control; /* ancillary data */
socklen_t msg_controllen; /* ancillary data buffer length */
int msg_flags; /* flags on received message */
};
The cmsghdr structure:
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struct cmsghdr {
socklen_t cmsg_len; /* #bytes, including this header */
int cmsg_level; /* originating protocol */
int cmsg_type; /* protocol-specific type */
/* followed by unsigned char cmsg_data[]; */
};
In the msghdr structure, the usage of msg_name has been discussed in
previous sections (see Section 3.1.3 and Section 4.1.8).
The scatter/gather buffers, or I/O vectors (pointed to by the msg_iov
field) are treated as a single SCTP data chunk, rather than multiple
chunks, for both sendmsg() and recvmsg().
The msg_flags are not used when sending a message with sendmsg().
If a notification has arrived, recvmsg() will return the notification
with the MSG_NOTIFICATION flag set in msg_flags. If the
MSG_NOTIFICATION flag is not set, recvmsg() will return data. See
Section 5.3 for more information about notifications.
If all portions of a data frame or notification have been read,
recvmsg() will return with MSG_EOR set in msg_flags.
5.2. SCTP msg_control Structures
A key element of all SCTP-specific socket extensions is the use of
ancillary data to specify and access SCTP-specific data via the
struct msghdr's msg_control member used in sendmsg() and recvmsg().
Fine-grained control over initialization and sending parameters are
handled with ancillary data.
Each ancillary data item is proceeded by a struct cmsghdr (see
Section 5.1), which defines the function and purpose of the data
contained in in the cmsg_data[] member.
There are two kinds of ancillary data used by SCTP: initialization
data, and, header information (SNDRCV). Initialization data (one-to-
many style only) sets protocol parameters for new associations.
Section 5.2.1 provides more details. Header information can set or
report parameters on individual messages in a stream. See
Section 5.2.2 for how to use SNDRCV ancillary data.
By default on a one-to-one style socket, SCTP will pass no ancillary
data; on a one-to-many style socket, SCTP will only pass SCTP_SNDRCV
and SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE information. Specific ancillary data items can
be enabled with socket options defined for SCTP; see Section 7.3.
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Note that all ancillary types are fixed length; see Section 5.4 for
further discussion on this. These data structures use struct
sockaddr_storage (defined in RFC2553 [RFC2553]) as a portable, fixed
length address format.
Other protocols may also provide ancillary data to the socket layer
consumer. These ancillary data items from other protocols may
intermingle with SCTP data. For example, the IPv6 socket API
definitions (RFC2292 [RFC2292] and RFC2553 [RFC2553]) define a number
of ancillary data items. If a socket API consumer enables delivery
of both SCTP and IPv6 ancillary data, they both may appear in the
same msg_control buffer in any order. An application may thus need
to handle other types of ancillary data besides that passed by SCTP.
The sockets application must provide a buffer large enough to
accommodate all ancillary data provided via recvmsg(). If the buffer
is not large enough, the ancillary data will be truncated and the
msghdr's msg_flags will include MSG_CTRUNC.
5.2.1. SCTP Initiation Structure (SCTP_INIT)
This cmsghdr structure provides information for initializing new SCTP
associations with sendmsg(). The SCTP_INITMSG socket option uses
this same data structure. This structure is not used for recvmsg().
cmsg_level cmsg_type cmsg_data[]
------------ ------------ ----------------------
IPPROTO_SCTP SCTP_INIT struct sctp_initmsg
Here is the definition of the sctp_initmsg structure:
struct sctp_initmsg {
uint16_t sinit_num_ostreams;
uint16_t sinit_max_instreams;
uint16_t sinit_max_attempts;
uint16_t sinit_max_init_timeo;
};
sinit_num_ostreams: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This is an integer number representing the number of streams that the
application wishes to be able to send to. This number is confirmed
in the SCTP_COMM_UP notification and must be verified since it is a
negotiated number with the remote endpoint. The default value of 0
indicates to use the endpoint default value.
sinit_max_instreams: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
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This value represents the maximum number of inbound streams the
application is prepared to support. This value is bounded by the
actual implementation. In other words the user MAY be able to
support more streams than the Operating System. In such a case, the
Operating System limit overrides the value requested by the user.
The default value of 0 indicates to use the endpoints default value.
sinit_max_attempts: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This integer specifies how many attempts the SCTP endpoint should
make at resending the INIT. This value overrides the system SCTP
'Max.Init.Retransmits' value. The default value of 0 indicates to
use the endpoints default value. This is normally set to the
system's default 'Max.Init.Retransmit' value.
sinit_max_init_timeo: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This value represents the largest Time-Out or RTO value (in
milliseconds) to use in attempting an INIT. Normally the 'RTO.Max'
is used to limit the doubling of the RTO upon timeout. For the INIT
message this value MAY override 'RTO.Max'. This value MUST NOT
influence 'RTO.Max' during data transmission and is only used to
bound the initial setup time. A default value of 0 indicates to use
the endpoints default value. This is normally set to the system's
'RTO.Max' value (60 seconds).
5.2.2. SCTP Header Information Structure (SCTP_SNDRCV)
This cmsghdr structure specifies SCTP options for sendmsg() and
describes SCTP header information about a received message through
recvmsg().
cmsg_level cmsg_type cmsg_data[]
------------ ------------ ----------------------
IPPROTO_SCTP SCTP_SNDRCV struct sctp_sndrcvinfo
Here is the definition of sctp_sndrcvinfo:
struct sctp_sndrcvinfo {
uint16_t sinfo_stream;
uint16_t sinfo_ssn;
uint16_t sinfo_flags;
uint32_t sinfo_ppid;
uint32_t sinfo_context;
uint32_t sinfo_timetolive;
uint32_t sinfo_tsn;
uint32_t sinfo_cumtsn;
sctp_assoc_t sinfo_assoc_id;
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};
sinfo_stream: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
For recvmsg() the SCTP stack places the message's stream number in
this value. For sendmsg() this value holds the stream number that
the application wishes to send this message to. If a sender
specifies an invalid stream number an error indication is returned
and the call fails.
sinfo_ssn: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
For recvmsg() this value contains the stream sequence number that the
remote endpoint placed in the DATA chunk. For fragmented messages
this is the same number for all deliveries of the message (if more
than one recvmsg() is needed to read the message). The sendmsg()
call will ignore this parameter.
sinfo_ppid: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This value in sendmsg() is an unsigned integer that is passed to the
remote end in each user message. In recvmsg() this value is the same
information that was passed by the upper layer in the peer
application. Please note that the SCTP stack performs no byte order
modification of this field. For example, if the DATA chunk has to
contain a given value in network byte order, the SCTP user has to
perform the htonl() computation.
sinfo_context: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This value is an opaque 32 bit context datum that is used in the
sendmsg() function. This value is passed back to the upper layer if
a error occurs on the send of a message and is retrieved with each
undelivered message (Note: if a endpoint has done multiple sends, all
of which fail, multiple different sinfo_context values will be
returned. One with each user data message).
sinfo_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This field may contain any of the following flags and is composed of
a bitwise OR of these values.
recvmsg() flags:
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SCTP_UNORDERED - This flag is present when the message was sent non-
ordered.
sendmsg() flags:
SCTP_UNORDERED - This flag requests the un-ordered delivery of the
message. If this flag is clear the datagram is considered an
ordered send.
SCTP_ADDR_OVER - This flag, in the one-to-many style, requests the
SCTP stack to override the primary destination address with the
address found with the sendto/sendmsg call.
SCTP_ABORT - Setting this flag causes the specified association to
abort by sending an ABORT message to the peer (one-to-many style
only). The ABORT chunk will contain an error cause 'User
Initiated Abort' with cause code 12. The cause specific
information of this error cause is provided in msg_iov.
SCTP_EOF - Setting this flag invokes the SCTP graceful shutdown
procedures on the specified association. Graceful shutdown
assures that all data enqueued by both endpoints is successfully
transmitted before closing the association (one-to-many style
only).
SCTP_SENDALL - This flag, if set, will cause a one-to-many model
socket to send the message to all associations that are currently
established on this socket. For the one-to-one socket, this flag
has no effect.
sinfo_timetolive: 32 bit (unsigned integer)
For the sending side, this field contains the message time to live in
milliseconds. The sending side will expire the message within the
specified time period if the message as not been sent to the peer
within this time period. This value will override any default value
set using any socket option. Also note that the value of 0 is
special in that it indicates no timeout should occur on this message.
sinfo_tsn: 32 bit (unsigned integer)
For the receiving side, this field holds a TSN that was assigned to
one of the SCTP Data Chunks.
sinfo_cumtsn: 32 bit (unsigned integer)
This field will hold the current cumulative TSN as known by the
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underlying SCTP layer. Note this field is ignored when sending and
only valid for a receive operation when sinfo_flags are set to
SCTP_UNORDERED.
sinfo_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association handle field, sinfo_assoc_id, holds the identifier
for the association announced in the SCTP_COMM_UP notification. All
notifications for a given association have the same identifier.
Ignored for one-to-one style sockets.
A sctp_sndrcvinfo item always corresponds to the data in msg_iov.
5.2.3. Extended SCTP Header Information Structure (SCTP_EXTRCV)
This cmsghdr structure specifies SCTP options for SCTP header
information about a received message via recvmsg(). Note that this
structure is an extended version of SCTP_SNDRCV (see Section 5.2.2)
and will only be received if the user has set the socket option
SCTP_USE_EXT_RCVINFO to true in addition to any event subscription
needed to receive ancillary data. Note that next message data is not
valid unless the current message is completely read, i.e. the MSG_EOR
is set, in other words if you have more data to read from the current
message then no next message information will be available.
cmsg_level cmsg_type cmsg_data[]
------------ ------------ ----------------------
IPPROTO_SCTP SCTP_EXTRCV struct sctp_extrcvinfo
Here is the definition of sctp_extrcvinfo
struct sctp_extrcvinfo {
struct sctp_sndrcvinfo serinfo_sinfo;
uint16_t serinfo_next_flags;
uint16_t serinfo_next_stream;
uint32_t serinfo_next_aid;
uint32_t serinfo_next_length;
uint32_t serinfo_next_ppid;
};
serinfo_sinfo: structure
Please see Section 5.2.2 for the details for this structure.
serinfo_next_flags: 16 bit (unsigned integer)
This bitmask will hold one or more of the following values:
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SCTP_NEXT_MSG_AVAIL - This bit, when set to 1, indicates that next
message information is available i.e.: next_stream, next_asocid,
next_length and next_ppid fields all have valid values. If this
bit is set to 0, then these fields are not valid and should be
ignored.
SCTP_NEXT_MSG_ISCOMPLETE - This bit, when set, indicates that the
next message is completely in the receive buffer. The next_length
field thus contains the entire message size. If this flag is set
to 0, then the next_length field only contains part of the message
size since the message is still being received (it is being
partially delivered).
SCTP_NEXT_MSG_IS_UNORDERED - This bit, when set, indicates that the
next message to be received was sent by the peer as unordered. If
this bit is not set (i.e the bit is 0) the next message to be read
is an ordered message in the stream specified.
SCTP_NEXT_MSG_IS_NOTIFICATION - This bit, when set, indicates that
the next message to be received is not a message from the peer,
but instead is a MSG_NOTIFICATION from the local SCTP stack.
serinfo_next_stream: 16 bit (unsigned integer)
This value, when valid (see sreinfo_next_flags), contains the next
stream number that will be received on a subsequent call to one of
the receive message functions.
serinfo_next_aid: 32 bit (unsigned integer)
This value, when valid (see next_flags), contains the next
association identification that will be received on a subsequent call
to one of the receive message functions.
sreinfo_next_length: 32 bit (unsigned integer)
This value, when valid (see sreinfo_next_flags), contains the length
of the next message that will be received on a subsequent call to one
of the receive message functions. Note that this length may be a
partial length depending on the settings of next_flags.
sreinfo_next_ppid: 32 bit (unsigned integer)
This value, when valid (see sreinfo_next_flags), contains the ppid of
the next message that will be received on a subsequent call to one of
the receive message functions.
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5.3. SCTP Events and Notifications
An SCTP application may need to understand and process events and
errors that happen on the SCTP stack. These events include network
status changes, association startups, remote operational errors and
undeliverable messages. All of these can be essential for the
application.
When an SCTP application layer does a recvmsg() the message read is
normally a data message from a peer endpoint. If the application
wishes to have the SCTP stack deliver notifications of non-data
events, it sets the appropriate socket option for the notifications
it wants. See Section 7.3 for these socket options. When a
notification arrives, recvmsg() returns the notification in the
application-supplied data buffer via msg_iov, and sets
MSG_NOTIFICATION in msg_flags.
This section details the notification structures. Every notification
structure carries some common fields which provides general
information.
A recvmsg() call will return only one notification at a time. Just
as when reading normal data, it may return part of a notification if
the msg_iov buffer is not large enough. If a single read is not
sufficient, msg_flags will have MSG_EOR clear. The user MUST finish
reading the notification before subsequent data can arrive.
5.3.1. SCTP Notification Structure
The notification structure is defined as the union of all
notification types.
union sctp_notification {
struct {
uint16_t sn_type; /* Notification type. */
uint16_t sn_flags;
uint32_t sn_length;
} sn_header;
struct sctp_assoc_change sn_assoc_change;
struct sctp_paddr_change sn_paddr_change;
struct sctp_remote_error sn_remote_error;
struct sctp_send_failed sn_send_failed;
struct sctp_shutdown_event sn_shutdown_event;
struct sctp_adaptation_event sn_adaptation_event;
struct sctp_pdapi_event sn_pdapi_event;
struct sctp_authkey_event sn_auth_event;
};
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sn_type: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
The following list describes the SCTP notification and event types
for the field sn_type.
SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE: This tag indicates that an association has either
been opened or closed. Refer to Section 5.3.1.1 for details.
SCTP_PEER_ADDR_CHANGE: This tag indicates that an address that is
part of an existing association has experienced a change of state
(e.g. a failure or return to service of the reachability of a
endpoint via a specific transport address). Please see
Section 5.3.1.2 for data structure details.
SCTP_REMOTE_ERROR: The attached error message is an Operational
Error received from the remote peer. It includes the complete TLV
sent by the remote endpoint. See Section 5.3.1.3 for the detailed
format.
SCTP_SEND_FAILED: The attached datagram could not be sent to the
remote endpoint. This structure includes the original
SCTP_SNDRCVINFO that was used in sending this message i.e. this
structure uses the sctp_sndrecvinfo per Section 5.3.1.4.
SCTP_SHUTDOWN_EVENT: The peer has sent a SHUTDOWN. No further data
should be sent on this socket.
SCTP_ADAPTATION_INDICATION: This notification holds the peers
indicated adaptation layer. Please see Section 5.3.1.6.
SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_EVENT: This notification is used to tell a
receiver that the partial delivery has been aborted. This may
indicate the association is about to be aborted. Please see
Section 5.3.1.7
SCTP_AUTHENTICATION_EVENT: This notification is used to tell a
receiver that either an error occurred on authentication, or a new
key was made active. Section 5.3.1.8
All standard values for sn_type are greater than 2^15. Values from
2^15 and down are reserved.
sn_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
These are notification-specific flags.
sn_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This is the length of the whole sctp_notification structure including
the sn_type, sn_flags, and sn_length fields.
5.3.1.1. SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE
Communication notifications inform the ULP that an SCTP association
has either begun or ended. The identifier for a new association is
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provided by this notification. The notification information has the
following format:
struct sctp_assoc_change {
uint16_t sac_type;
uint16_t sac_flags;
uint32_t sac_length;
uint16_t sac_state;
uint16_t sac_error;
uint16_t sac_outbound_streams;
uint16_t sac_inbound_streams;
sctp_assoc_t sac_assoc_id;
uint8_t sac_info[0];
};
sac_type:
It should be SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE.
sac_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
sac_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header.
sac_state: 16 bits (signed integer)
This field holds one of a number of values that communicate the event
that happened to the association. They include:
Event Name Description
---------------- ---------------
SCTP_COMM_UP - A new association is now ready and data may be
exchanged with this peer.
SCTP_COMM_LOST - The association has failed. The association is now
in the closed state. If SEND FAILED notifications are turned on,
a SCTP_COMM_LOST is followed by a series of SCTP_SEND_FAILED
events, one for each outstanding message.
SCTP_RESTART - SCTP has detected that the peer has restarted.
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SCTP_SHUTDOWN_COMP - The association has gracefully closed.
SCTP_CANT_STR_ASSOC - The association failed to setup. If non
blocking mode is set and data was sent (in the udp mode), a
SCTP_CANT_STR_ASSOC is followed by a series of SCTP_SEND_FAILED
events, one for each outstanding message.
sac_error: 16 bits (signed integer)
If the state was reached due to a error condition (e.g.
SCTP_COMM_LOST) any relevant error information is available in this
field. This corresponds to the protocol error codes defined in
RFC2960 [RFC2960].
sac_outbound_streams: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
sac_inbound_streams: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
The maximum number of streams allowed in each direction are available
in sac_outbound_streams and sac_inbound streams.
sac_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
All notifications for a given association have the same association
identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is ignored.
sac_info: variable
If the sac_state is SCTP_COMM_LOST and an ABORT chunk was received
for this association, sac_info[] contains the complete ABORT chunk as
defined in the SCTP specification RFC2960 [RFC2960] section 3.3.7.
5.3.1.2. SCTP_PEER_ADDR_CHANGE
When a destination address on a multi-homed peer encounters a change
an interface details event is sent. The information has the
following structure:
struct sctp_paddr_change {
uint16_t spc_type;
uint16_t spc_flags;
uint32_t spc_length;
struct sockaddr_storage spc_aaddr;
uint32_t spc_state;
uint32_t spc_error;
sctp_assoc_t spc_assoc_id;
}
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spc_type:
It should be SCTP_PEER_ADDR_CHANGE.
spc_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
spc_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header.
spc_aaddr: sizeof (struct sockaddr_storage)
The affected address field, holds the remote peer's address that is
encountering the change of state.
spc_state: 32 bits (signed integer)
This field holds one of a number of values that communicate the event
that happened to the address. They include:
Event Name Description
---------------- ---------------
SCTP_ADDR_AVAILABLE - This address is now reachable.
SCTP_ADDR_UNREACHABLE - The address specified can no longer be
reached. Any data sent to this address is rerouted to an
alternate until this address becomes reachable.
SCTP_ADDR_REMOVED - The address is no longer part of the
association.
SCTP_ADDR_ADDED - The address is now part of the association.
SCTP_ADDR_MADE_PRIM - This address has now been made to be the
primary destination address.
SCTP_ADDR_CONFIRMED - This address has now been confirmed as a valid
address.
spc_error: 32 bits (signed integer)
If the state was reached due to any error condition (e.g.
SCTP_ADDR_UNREACHABLE) any relevant error information is available in
this field.
spc_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
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All notifications for a given association have the same association
identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is ignored.
5.3.1.3. SCTP_REMOTE_ERROR
A remote peer may send an Operational Error message to its peer.
This message indicates a variety of error conditions on an
association. The entire ERROR chunk as it appears on the wire is
included in a SCTP_REMOTE_ERROR event. Please refer to the SCTP
specification RFC2960 [RFC2960] and any extensions for a list of
possible error formats. SCTP error notifications have the format:
struct sctp_remote_error {
uint16_t sre_type;
uint16_t sre_flags;
uint32_t sre_length;
uint16_t sre_error;
sctp_assoc_t sre_assoc_id;
uint8_t sre_data[0];
};
sre_type:
It should be SCTP_REMOTE_ERROR.
sre_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
sre_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header and the contents of sre_data.
sre_error: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This value represents one of the Operational Error causes defined in
the SCTP specification, in network byte order.
sre_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
All notifications for a given association have the same association
identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is ignored.
sre_data: variable
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This contains the ERROR chunk as defined in the SCTP specification
RFC2960 [RFC2960] section 3.3.10.
5.3.1.4. SCTP_SEND_FAILED
If SCTP cannot deliver a message it may return the message as a
notification.
struct sctp_send_failed {
uint16_t ssf_type;
uint16_t ssf_flags;
uint32_t ssf_length;
uint32_t ssf_error;
struct sctp_sndrcvinfo ssf_info;
sctp_assoc_t ssf_assoc_id;
uint8_t ssf_data[0];
};
ssf_type:
It should be SCTP_SEND_FAILED.
ssf_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
The flag value will take one of the following values:
SCTP_DATA_UNSENT - Indicates that the data was never put on the
wire.
SCTP_DATA_SENT - Indicates that the data was put on the wire. Note
that this does not necessarily mean that the data was (or was not)
successfully delivered.
ssf_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header and the payload in ssf_data.
ssf_error: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This value represents the reason why the send failed, and if set,
will be a SCTP protocol error code as defined in RFC2960 [RFC2960]
section 3.3.10.
ssf_info: sizeof (struct sctp_sndrcvinfo)
The original send information associated with the undelivered
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message.
ssf_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, sf_assoc_id, holds the identifier for the
association. All notifications for a given association have the same
association identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is
ignored.
ssf_data: variable length
The undelivered message, exactly as delivered by the caller to the
original send*() call.
5.3.1.5. SCTP_SHUTDOWN_EVENT
When a peer sends a SHUTDOWN, SCTP delivers this notification to
inform the application that it should cease sending data.
struct sctp_shutdown_event {
uint16_t sse_type;
uint16_t sse_flags;
uint32_t sse_length;
sctp_assoc_t sse_assoc_id;
};
sse_type
It should be SCTP_SHUTDOWN_EVENT
sse_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
sse_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header. It will generally be sizeof (struct
sctp_shutdown_event).
sse_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
sse_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
All notifications for a given association have the same association
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identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is ignored.
5.3.1.6. SCTP_ADAPTATION_INDICATION
When a peer sends a Adaptation Layer Indication parameter , SCTP
delivers this notification to inform the application that of the
peers requested adaptation layer.
struct sctp_adaptation_event {
uint16_t sai_type;
uint16_t sai_flags;
uint32_t sai_length;
uint32_t sai_adaptation_ind;
sctp_assoc_t sai_assoc_id;
};
sai_type
It should be SCTP_ADAPTATION_INDICATION
sai_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
sai_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header. It will generally be sizeof (struct
sctp_adaptation_event).
sai_adaptation_ind: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field holds the bit array sent by the peer in the adaptation
layer indication parameter. The bits are in network byte order.
sai_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
All notifications for a given association have the same association
identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is ignored.
5.3.1.7. SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_EVENT
When a receiver is engaged in a partial delivery of a message this
notification will be used to indicate various events.
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struct sctp_pdapi_event {
uint16_t pdapi_type;
uint16_t pdapi_flags;
uint32_t pdapi_length;
uint32_t pdapi_indication;
uint32_t pdapi_stream;
uint32_t pdapi_seq;
sctp_assoc_t pdapi_assoc_id;
};
pdapi_type
It should be SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_EVENT
pdapi_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
pdapi_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header. It will generally be sizeof (struct
sctp_pdapi_event).
pdapi_indication: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field holds the indication being sent to the application
possible values include:
SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_ABORTED
pdapi_stream: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This field holds the stream on which the partial delivery event
happened.
pdapi_seq: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
This field holds the stream sequence number which was being partially
delivered.
pdapi_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
All notifications for a given association have the same association
identifier. For one-to-one style socket, this field is ignored.
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5.3.1.8. SCTP_AUTHENTICATION_EVENT
When a receiver is using authentication this message will provide
notifications regarding new keys being made active as well as errors.
struct sctp_authkey_event {
uint16_t auth_type;
uint16_t auth_flags;
uint32_t auth_length;
uint16_t auth_keynumber;
uint16_t auth_altkeynumber;
uint32_t auth_indication;
sctp_assoc_t auth_assoc_id;
};
auth_type
It should be SCTP_AUTHENTICATION_EVENT
auth_flags: 16 bits (unsigned integer)
Currently unused.
auth_length: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field is the total length of the notification data, including
the notification header. It will generally be sizeof (struct
sctp_authkey_event).
auth_keynumber: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field holds the keynumber set by the user for the effected key.
If more than one key is involved, this will contain one of the keys
involved in the notification.
auth_altkeynumber: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field holds an alternate keynumber which is used by some
notifications.
auth_indication: 32 bits (unsigned integer)
This field hold the error or indication being reported. The
following values are currently defined:
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SCTP_AUTH_NEWKEY - this report indicates that a new key has been
made active (used for the first time by the peer) and is now the
active key. The auth_keynumber field holds the user specified key
number.
auth_assoc_id: sizeof (sctp_assoc_t)
The association id field, holds the identifier for the association.
All notifications for a given association have the same association
identifier.
5.4. Ancillary Data Considerations and Semantics
Programming with ancillary socket data contains some subtleties and
pitfalls, which are discussed below.
5.4.1. Multiple Items and Ordering
Multiple ancillary data items may be included in any call to
sendmsg() or recvmsg(); these may include multiple SCTP or non-SCTP
items, or both.
The ordering of ancillary data items (either by SCTP or another
protocol) is not significant and is implementation-dependent, so
applications must not depend on any ordering.
SCTP_SNDRCV items must always correspond to the data in the msghdr's
msg_iov member. There can be only a single SCTP_SNDRCV info for each
sendmsg() or recvmsg() call.
5.4.2. Accessing and Manipulating Ancillary Data
Applications can infer the presence of data or ancillary data by
examining the msg_iovlen and msg_controllen msghdr members,
respectively.
Implementations may have different padding requirements for ancillary
data, so portable applications should make use of the macros
CMSG_FIRSTHDR, CMSG_NXTHDR, CMSG_DATA, CMSG_SPACE, and CMSG_LEN. See
RFC2292 [RFC2292] and your SCTP implementation's documentation for
more information. Following is an example, from RFC2292 [RFC2292],
demonstrating the use of these macros to access ancillary data:
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struct msghdr msg;
struct cmsghdr *cmsgptr;
/* fill in msg */
/* call recvmsg() */
for (cmsgptr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsgptr != NULL;
cmsgptr = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsgptr)) {
if (cmsgptr->cmsg_level == ... && cmsgptr->cmsg_type == ... ) {
u_char *ptr;
ptr = CMSG_DATA(cmsgptr);
/* process data pointed to by ptr */
}
}
5.4.3. Control Message Buffer Sizing
The information conveyed via SCTP_SNDRCV events will often be
fundamental to the correct and sane operation of the sockets
application. This is particularly true of the one-to-many semantics,
but also of the one-ton-one semantics. For example, if an
application needs to send and receive data on different SCTP streams,
SCTP_SNDRCV events are indispensable.
Given that some ancillary data is critical, and that multiple
ancillary data items may appear in any order, applications should be
carefully written to always provide a large enough buffer to contain
all possible ancillary data that can be presented by recvmsg(). If
the buffer is too small, and crucial data is truncated, it may pose a
fatal error condition.
Thus it is essential that applications be able to deterministically
calculate the maximum required buffer size to pass to recvmsg(). One
constraint imposed on this specification that makes this possible is
that all ancillary data definitions are of a fixed length. One way
to calculate the maximum required buffer size might be to take the
sum the sizes of all enabled ancillary data item structures, as
calculated by CMSG_SPACE. For example, if we enabled
SCTP_SNDRCV_INFO and IPV6_RECVPKTINFO RFC2292 [RFC2292], we would
calculate and allocate the buffer size as follows:
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size_t total;
void *buf;
total = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof (struct sctp_sndrcvinfo)) +
CMSG_SPACE(sizeof (struct in6_pktinfo));
buf = malloc(total);
We could then use this buffer for msg_control on each call to
recvmsg() and be assured that we would not lose any ancillary data to
truncation.
6. Common Operations for Both Styles
6.1. send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom()
Applications can use send() and sendto() to transmit data to the peer
of an SCTP endpoint. recv() and recvfrom() can be used to receive
data from the peer.
The syntax is:
ssize_t send(int sd, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags);
ssize_t sendto(int sd, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags,
const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen);
ssize_t recv(int sd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);
ssize_t recvfrom(int sd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
struct sockaddr *from, socklen_t *fromlen);
sd - the socket descriptor of an SCTP endpoint.
msg - the message to be sent.
len - the size of the message or the size of buffer.
to - one of the peer addresses of the association to be used to send
the message.
tolen - the size of the address.
buf - the buffer to store a received message.
from - the buffer to store the peer address used to send the
received message.
fromlen - the size of the from address
flags - (described below).
These calls give access to only basic SCTP protocol features. If
either peer in the association uses multiple streams, or sends
unordered data these calls will usually be inadequate, and may
deliver the data in unpredictable ways.
SCTP has the concept of multiple streams in one association. The
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above calls do not allow the caller to specify on which stream a
message should be sent. The system uses stream 0 as the default
stream for send() and sendto(). recv() and recvfrom() return data
from any stream, but the caller can not distinguish the different
streams. This may result in data seeming to arrive out of order.
Similarly, if a data chunk is sent unordered, recv() and recvfrom()
provide no indication.
SCTP is message based. The msg buffer above in send() and sendto()
is considered to be a single message. This means that if the caller
wants to send a message which is composed by several buffers, the
caller needs to combine them before calling send() or sendto().
Alternately, the caller can use sendmsg() to do that without
combining them. recv() and recvfrom() cannot distinguish message
boundaries.
In receiving, if the buffer supplied is not large enough to hold a
complete message, the receive call acts like a stream socket and
returns as much data as will fit in the buffer.
Note, the send() and recv() calls may not be used for a one-to-many
style socket.
Note, if an application calls a send function with no user data and
no ancillary data the SCTP implementation should reject the request
with an appropriate error message. An implementation is NOT allowed
to send a Data chunk with no user data RFC2960 [RFC2960].
6.2. setsockopt(), getsockopt()
Applications use setsockopt() and getsockopt() to set or retrieve
socket options. Socket options are used to change the default
behavior of sockets calls. They are described in Section 7
The syntax is:
ret = getsockopt(int sd, int level, int optname, void *optval,
socklen_t *optlen);
ret = setsockopt(int sd, int level, int optname, const void *optval,
socklen_t optlen);
sd - the socket descriptor.
level - set to IPPROTO_SCTP for all SCTP options.
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optname - the option name.
optval - the buffer to store the value of the option.
optlen - the size of the buffer (or the length of the option
returned).
All socket options set on a 1-to-1 listening sockets also apply all
accepted sockets. All socket options set on a 1-to-many socket using
the assoc_id 0 applies for all future assocs on the socket.
6.3. read() and write()
Applications can use read() and write() to send and receive data to
and from peer. They have the same semantics as send() and recv()
except that the flags parameter cannot be used.
Note, these calls, when used in the one-to-many style, may only be
used with branched off socket descriptors (see Section 8.2).
6.4. getsockname()
Applications use getsockname() to retrieve the locally-bound socket
address of the specified socket. This is especially useful if the
caller let SCTP chose a local port. This call is for where the
endpoint is not multi-homed. It does not work well with multi-homed
sockets. See Section 8.5 for a multi-homed version of the call.
The syntax is:
int getsockname(int sd, struct sockaddr *address,
socklen_t *len);
sd - the socket descriptor to be queried.
address - On return, one locally bound address (chosen by the SCTP
stack) is stored in this buffer. If the socket is an IPv4 socket,
the address will be IPv4. If the socket is an IPv6 socket, the
address will be either an IPv6 or IPv4 address.
len - The caller should set the length of address here. On return,
this is set to the length of the returned address.
If the actual length of the address is greater than the length of the
supplied sockaddr structure, the stored address will be truncated.
If the socket has not been bound to a local name, the value stored in
the object pointed to by address is unspecified.
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7. Socket Options
The following sub-section describes various SCTP level socket options
that are common to both styles. SCTP associations can be multi-
homed. Therefore, certain option parameters include a
sockaddr_storage structure to select which peer address the option
should be applied to.
For the one-to-many style sockets, an sctp_assoc_t structure
(association ID) is used to identify the the association instance
that the operation affects. So it must be set when using this style.
For the one-to-one style sockets and branched off one-to-many style
sockets (see Section 8.2) this association ID parameter is ignored.
Note that socket or IP level options are set or retrieved per socket.
This means that for one-to-many style sockets, those options will be
applied to all associations belonging to the socket. And for one-to-
one style, those options will be applied to all peer addresses of the
association controlled by the socket. Applications should be very
careful in setting those options.
For some IP stacks getsockopt() is read-only; so a new interface will
be needed when information must be passed both in to and out of the
SCTP stack. The syntax for sctp_opt_info() is,
int sctp_opt_info(int sd,
sctp_assoc_t id,
int opt,
void *arg,
socklen_t *size);
The sctp_opt_info() call is a replacement for getsockopt() only and
will not set any options associated with the specified socket. A
setsockopt() must be used to set any writeable option.
For one-to-many style sockets, id specifies the association to query.
For one-to-one style sockets, id is ignored.
opt specifies which SCTP socket option to get. It can get any socket
option currently supported that requests information (either read/
write options or read only) such as:
SCTP_RTOINFO
SCTP_ASSOCINFO
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SCTP_DEFAULT_SEND_PARAM
SCTP_GET_PEER_ADDR_INFO
SCTP_PRIMARY_ADDR
SCTP_PEER_ADDR_PARAMS
SCTP_STATUS
SCTP_CONTEXT
SCTP_AUTH_ACTIVE_KEY
SCTP_PEER_AUTH_CHUNKS
SCTP_LOCAL_AUTH_CHUNKS
arg is an option-specific structure buffer provided by the caller.
See Section 8.5) subsections for more information on these options
and option-specific structures.
sctp_opt_info() returns 0 on success, or on failure returns -1 and
sets errno to the appropriate error code.
All options that support specific settings on an association by
filling in either an association id variable or a sockaddr_storage
SHOULD also support setting of the same value for the entire endpoint
(i.e. future associations). To accomplish this the following logic
is used when setting one of these options:
a) If an address is specified via a sockaddr_storage that is included
in the structure, the address is used to lookup the association
and the settings are applied to the specific address (if
appropriate) or to the entire association.
b) If an association identification is filled in but not a
sockaddr_storage (if present), the association is found using the
association identification and the settings should be applied to
the entire association (since a specific address is not
specified). Note this also applies to options that hold an
association identification in their structure but do not have a
sockaddr_storage field.
c) If neither the sockaddr_storage or association identification is
set, i.e. the sockaddr_storage is set to all 0's (INADDR_ANY) and
the association identification is 0, the settings are a default
and to be applied to the endpoint (all future associations).
7.1. Read / Write Options
7.1.1. Retransmission Timeout Parameters (SCTP_RTOINFO)
The protocol parameters used to initialize and bound retransmission
timeout (RTO) are tunable. See RFC2960 [RFC2960] for more
information on how these parameters are used in RTO calculation.
The following structure is used to access and modify these
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parameters:
struct sctp_rtoinfo {
sctp_assoc_t srto_assoc_id;
uint32_t srto_initial;
uint32_t srto_max;
uint32_t srto_min;
};
srto_initial - This contains the initial RTO value.
srto_max and srto_min - These contain the maximum and minimum bounds
for all RTOs.
srto_assoc_id - (one-to-many style socket) This is filled in the
application, and identifies the association for this query. If
this parameter is '0' (on a one-to-many style socket), then the
change effects the entire endpoint.
All parameters are time values, in milliseconds. A value of 0, when
modifying the parameters, indicates that the current value should not
be changed.
To access or modify these parameters, the application should call
getsockopt or setsockopt() respectively with the option name
SCTP_RTOINFO.
7.1.2. Association Parameters (SCTP_ASSOCINFO)
This option is used to both examine and set various association and
endpoint parameters.
See RFC2960 [RFC2960] for more information on how this parameter is
used. The sasoc_assoc_id parameter is ignored for one-to-one style
socket.
The following structure is used to access and modify this parameters:
struct sctp_assocparams {
sctp_assoc_t sasoc_assoc_id;
uint16_t sasoc_asocmaxrxt;
uint16_t sasoc_number_peer_destinations;
uint32_t sasoc_peer_rwnd;
uint32_t sasoc_local_rwnd;
uint32_t sasoc_cookie_life;
};
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sasoc_asocmaxrxt - This contains the maximum retransmission attempts
to make for the association.
sasoc_number_peer_destinations - This is the number of destination
addresses that the peer has.
sasoc_peer_rwnd - This holds the current value of the peers rwnd
(reported in the last SACK) minus any outstanding data (i.e. data
inflight).
sasoc_local_rwnd - This holds the last reported rwnd that was sent
to the peer.
sasoc_cookie_life - This is the associations cookie life value used
when issuing cookies.
sasoc_assoc_id - This is filled in the application, and identifies
the association for this query.
This information may be examined for either the endpoint or a
specific association. To examine a endpoints default parameters the
association id (sasoc_assoc_id) should must be set to the value '0'.
The values of the sasoc_peer_rwnd is meaningless when examining
endpoint information.
All parameters are time values, in milliseconds. A value of 0, when
modifying the parameters, indicates that the current value should not
be changed.
The values of the sasoc_asocmaxrxt and sasoc_cookie_life may be set
on either an endpoint or association basis. The rwnd and destination
counts (sasoc_number_peer_destinations,
sasoc_peer_rwnd,sasoc_local_rwnd) are NOT settable and any value
placed in these is ignored.
To access or modify these parameters, the application should call
getsockopt or setsockopt() respectively with the option name
SCTP_ASSOCINFO.
The maximum number of retransmissions before an address is considered
unreachable is also tunable, but is address-specific, so it is
covered in a separate option. If an application attempts to set the
value of the association maximum retransmission parameter to more
than the sum of all maximum retransmission parameters, setsockopt()
shall return an error. The reason for this, from RFC2960 [RFC2960]
section 8.2:
Note: When configuring the SCTP endpoint, the user should avoid
having the value of 'Association.Max.Retrans' larger than the
summation of the 'Path.Max.Retrans' of all the destination addresses
for the remote endpoint. Otherwise, all the destination addresses
may become inactive while the endpoint still considers the peer
endpoint reachable.
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7.1.3. Initialization Parameters (SCTP_INITMSG)
Applications can specify protocol parameters for the default
association initialization. The structure used to access and modify
these parameters is defined in Section 5.2.1). The option name
argument to setsockopt() and getsockopt() is SCTP_INITMSG.
Setting initialization parameters is effective only on an unconnected
socket (for one-to-many style sockets only future associations are
effected by the change). With one-to-one style sockets, this option
is inherited by sockets derived from a listener socket.
7.1.4. SO_LINGER
An application using the one-to-one style socket can use this option
to perform the SCTP ABORT primitive. The linger option structure is:
struct linger {
int l_onoff; /* option on/off */
int l_linger; /* linger time */
};
To enable the option, set l_onoff to 1. If the l_linger value is set
to 0, calling close() is the same as the ABORT primitive. If the
value is set to a negative value, the setsockopt() call will return
an error. If the value is set to a positive value linger_time, the
close() can be blocked for at most linger_time ms. If the graceful
shutdown phase does not finish during this period, close() will
return but the graceful shutdown phase continues in the system.
Note, this is a socket level option NOT an SCTP level option. So
when setting SO_LINGER you must specify a level of SOL_SOCKET in the
setsockopt() call.
7.1.5. SCTP_NODELAY
Turn on/off any Nagle-like algorithm. This means that packets are
generally sent as soon as possible and no unnecessary delays are
introduced, at the cost of more packets in the network. Expects an
integer boolean flag.
7.1.6. SO_RCVBUF
Sets receive buffer size in octets. For SCTP one-to-one style
sockets, this controls the receiver window size. For one-to-many
style sockets the meaning depends on the constant HAVE_SCTP_MULTIBUF
(see Section 3.4). If the implementation defines HAVE_SCTP_MULTIBUF
as 1, this controls the receiver window size for each association
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bound to the socket descriptor. If the implementation defines
HAVE_SCTP_MULTIBUF as 0, this controls the size of the single receive
buffer for the whole socket. The call expects an integer.
7.1.7. SO_SNDBUF
Sets send buffer size. For SCTP one-to-one style sockets, this
controls the amount of data SCTP may have waiting in internal buffers
to be sent. This option therefore bounds the maximum size of data
that can be sent in a single send call. For one-to-many style
sockets, the effect is the same, except that it applies to one or all
associations (see Section 3.4) bound to the socket descriptor used in
the setsockopt() or getsockopt() call. The option applies to each
association's window size separately. The call expects an integer.
7.1.8. Automatic Close of associations (SCTP_AUTOCLOSE)
This socket option is applicable to the one-to-many style socket
only. When set it will cause associations that are idle for more
than the specified number of seconds to automatically close using the
graceful shutdown procedure. An association being idle is defined as
an association that has NOT sent or received user data. The special
value of '0' indicates that no automatic close of any associations
should be performed, this is the default value. The option expects
an integer defining the number of seconds of idle time before an
association is closed.
An application using this option should enable receiving the
association change notification. This is the only mechanism an
application is informed about the closing of an association. After
an association is closed, the association ID assigned to it can be
reused. An application should be aware of this to avoid the possible
problem of sending data to an incorrect peer end point.
7.1.9. Set Peer Primary Address (SCTP_SET_PEER_PRIMARY_ADDR)
Requests that the peer mark the enclosed address as the association
primary. The enclosed address must be one of the association's
locally bound addresses. The following structure is used to make a
set primary request:
struct sctp_setpeerprim {
sctp_assoc_t sspp_assoc_id;
struct sockaddr_storage sspp_addr;
};
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sspp_addr - The address to set as primary
sspp_assoc_id - This is filled in by the application, and identifies
the association for this request.
Note that this option really should be considered a write only option
(not a read/write option) since it can NOT be passed to a
getsockopt() call and is only valid when used with setsockopt() if
the implementation supports this feature since this functionality is
optional. Implementations that do not support this functionality
should return EOPNOTSUPP.
7.1.10. Set Primary Address (SCTP_PRIMARY_ADDR)
Requests that the local SCTP stack use the enclosed peer address as
the association primary. The enclosed address must be one of the
association peer's addresses. The following structure is used to
make a set peer primary request:
struct sctp_setprim {
sctp_assoc_t ssp_assoc_id;
struct sockaddr_storage ssp_addr;
};
ssp_addr - The address to set as primary
ssp_assoc_id - This is filled in by the application, and identifies
the association for this request.
7.1.11. Set Adaptation Layer Indicator (SCTP_ADAPTATION_LAYER)
Requests that the local endpoint set the specified Adaptation Layer
Indication parameter for all future INIT and INIT-ACK exchanges.
struct sctp_setadaptation {
uint32_t ssb_adaptation_ind;
};
ssb_adaptation_ind - The adaptation layer indicator that will be
included in any outgoing Adaptation Layer Indication parameter.
7.1.12. Enable/Disable message fragmentation (SCTP_DISABLE_FRAGMENTS)
This option is a on/off flag and is passed an integer where a non-
zero is on and a zero is off. If enabled no SCTP message
fragmentation will be performed. Instead if a message being sent
exceeds the current PMTU size, the message will NOT be sent and
instead a error will be indicated to the user.
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7.1.13. Peer Address Parameters (SCTP_PEER_ADDR_PARAMS)
Applications can enable or disable heartbeats for any peer address of
an association, modify an address's heartbeat interval, force a
heartbeat to be sent immediately, and adjust the address's maximum
number of retransmissions sent before an address is considered
unreachable. The following structure is used to access and modify an
address's parameters:
struct sctp_paddrparams {
sctp_assoc_t spp_assoc_id;
struct sockaddr_storage spp_address;
uint32_t spp_hbinterval;
uint16_t spp_pathmaxrxt;
uint32_t spp_pathmtu;
uint32_t spp_flags;
uint32_t spp_ipv6_flowlabel;
uint8_t spp_ipv4_tos;
};
spp_assoc_id - (one-to-many style socket) This is filled in the
application, and identifies the association for this query.
spp_address - This specifies which address is of interest.
spp_hbinterval - This contains the value of the heartbeat interval,
in milliseconds. Note that unless the spp_flag is set to
SPP_HB_ENABLE the value of this field is ignored. Note also that
a value of zero indicates the current setting should be left
unchanged. To set an actual value of zero the use of the flag
SPP_HB_TIME_IS_ZERO should be used.
spp_pathmaxrxt - This contains the maximum number of retransmissions
before this address shall be considered unreachable. Note that a
value of zero indicates the current setting should be left
unchanged.
spp_pathmtu - When Path MTU discovery is disabled the value
specified here will be the "fixed" path mtu (i.e. the value of the
spp_flags field must include the flag SPP_PMTUD_DISABLE for this
field to have any effect). Note that if the spp_address field is
empty then all destinations for this association will have this
fixed path mtu set upon them. If an address is specified, then
only that address will be effected. Note also that this option
cannot be set on the endpoint, but must be set on each individual
association. Also, when disabling PMTU discovery, the
implementation may disallow this behavior if the "fixed" path mtu
is below the constant value SCTP_SMALLEST_PMTU.
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spp_ipv6_flowlabel- This field is used in conjunction with the
SPP_IPV6_FLOWLABEL flag.
spp_ipv4_tos- This field is used in conjunction with the
SPP_IPV4_TOS flag.
spp_flags- These flags are used to control various features on an
association. The flag field is a bit mask which may contain zero
or more of the following options:
SPP_HB_ENABLE - Enable heartbeats on the specified address. Note
that if the address field is empty all addresses for the
association have heartbeats enabled upon them.
SPP_HB_DISABLE - Disable heartbeats on the specified address.
Note that if the address field is empty all addresses for the
association will have their heartbeats disabled. Note also
that SPP_HB_ENABLE and SPP_HB_DISABLE are mutually exclusive,
only one of these two should be specified. Enabling both
fields will have undetermined results.
SPP_HB_DEMAND - Request a user initiated heartbeat to be made
immediately.
SPP_HB_TIME_IS_ZERO - Specify's that the time for heartbeat delay
is to be set to the value of 0 milliseconds.
SPP_PMTUD_ENABLE - This field will enable PMTU discovery upon the
specified address. Note that if the address field is empty
then all addresses on the association are effected.
SPP_PMTUD_DISABLE - This field will disable PMTU discovery upon
the specified address. Note that if the address field is empty
then all addresses on the association are effected. Not also
that SPP_PMTUD_ENABLE and SPP_PMTUD_DISABLE are mutually
exclusive. Enabling both will have undetermined results.
SPP_IPV6_FLOWLABEL - Setting this flag enables setting of the
IPV6 flowlabel value associated with either the association or
the specific address. If the address field is filled in, then
the specific destination address has this value set upon it.
If the association is specified, but not the address, then the
flowlabel value is set for any future destination addresses
that may be added. The value is obtained in the
spp_ipv6_flowlabel field.
Upon retrieval, this flag will be set to indicate that the
spp_ipv6_flowlabel field has a valid value returned. If a
specific destination addresses is set (in the spp_address
field) when called then the value returned is that of the
address. If just an association is specified (and no address)
then the association default flowlabel is returned. If neither
an association nor an destination is specified, then the
sockets default flowlabel is returned. For non IPv6 sockets,
then this flag will be left cleared.
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SPP_IPV4_TOS - Setting this flag enables setting of the IPV4 tos
value associated with either the association or specific
address. If the address field is filled in, then the specific
destination address has this value set upon it. If the
association is specified, but not the address, then the tos
value is set for any future destination addresses that may be
added. The value is obtained in the spp_ipv4_tos field.
Upon retrieval, this flag will be set to indicate that the
spp_ipv4_tos field has a valid value returned. If a specific
destination addresses is set when called (in the spp_address
field) then that specific destination addresses tos value is
returned. If just an association is specified then the
association default tos is returned. If neither an association
nor an destination is specified, then the sockets default tos
is returned. For non IPv4 sockets, then this flag will be left
cleared.
To read or modify these parameters, the application should call
sctp_opt_info() with the SCTP_PEER_ADDR_PARAMS option.
7.1.14. Set default send parameters (SCTP_DEFAULT_SEND_PARAM)
Applications that wish to use the sendto() system call may wish to
specify a default set of parameters that would normally be supplied
through the inclusion of ancillary data. This socket option allows
such an application to set the default sctp_sndrcvinfo structure.
The application that wishes to use this socket option simply passes
in to this call the sctp_sndrcvinfo structure defined in
Section 5.2.2) The input parameters accepted by this call include
sinfo_stream, sinfo_flags, sinfo_ppid, sinfo_context,
sinfo_timetolive. The sinfo_assoc_id field specifies the association
to apply the parameters to in a one-to-many style sockets. It is
ignored on the one-to-one style. Note that setting the
sinfo_assoc_id field to zero indicates that the users wishes to set
the endpoint default send parameters for all future associations.
7.1.15. Set notification and ancillary events (SCTP_EVENTS)
This socket option is used to specify various notifications and
ancillary data the user wishes to receive. Please see Section 7.3)
for a full description of this option and its usage.
7.1.16. Set/clear IPv4 mapped addresses (SCTP_I_WANT_MAPPED_V4_ADDR)
This socket option is a boolean flag which turns on or off mapped V4
addresses. If this option is turned on and the socket is type
PF_INET6, then IPv4 addresses will be mapped to V6 representation.
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If this option is turned off, then no mapping will be done of V4
addresses and a user will receive both PF_INET6 and PF_INET type
addresses on the socket.
By default this option is turned off and expects an integer to be
passed where non-zero turns on the option and zero turns off the
option.
7.1.17. Get or set the maximum fragmentation size (SCTP_MAXSEG)
This option will get or set the maximum size to put in any outgoing
SCTP DATA chunk. If a message is larger than this size it will be
fragmented by SCTP into the specified size. Note that the underlying
SCTP implementation may fragment into smaller sized chunks when the
PMTU of the underlying association is smaller than the value set by
the user. The default value for this option is '0' which indicates
the user is NOT limiting fragmentation and only the PMTU will effect
SCTP's choice of DATA chunk size. Note also that values set larger
than the maximum size of an IP datagram will effectively let SCTP
control fragmentation (i.e. the same as setting this option to 0).
struct sctp_assoc_value {
sctp_assoc_t assoc_id;
uint32_t assoc_value;
};
assoc_id - This parameter, indicates which association the user is
performing an action upon. Note that if this field's value is
zero then the endpoints default value is changed (effecting future
associations only).
assoc_value - This parameter specifies the maximum size in bytes.
7.1.18. Add a chunk that must be authenticated (SCTP_AUTH_CHUNK)
This set option adds a chunk type that the user is requesting to be
received only in an authenticated way. Changes to the list of chunks
will only effect future associations on the socket.
struct sctp_authchunk {
uint8_t sauth_chunk;
};
sauth_chunks - This parameter contains a chunk type
that the user is requesting to be authenticated.
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The chunk types for INIT, INIT-ACK, SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE, and AUTH
chunks MUST not be used. If they are used an error MUST be returned.
The usage of this option enables SCTP-AUTH in cases where it is not
required by other means (for example the use of ADD-IP).
Note that this option is write-only. Using this option in a
getsockopt() or sctp_opt_info() call will return EOPNOTSUPP.
7.1.19. Get or set the list of supported HMAC Identifiers
(SCTP_HMAC_IDENT)
This option gets or sets the list of HMAC algorithms that the local
endpoint requires the peer to use.
struct sctp_hmacalgo {
uint16_t shmac_idents[];
};
shmac_idents - This parameter contains an array of HMAC Identifiers
that the local endpoint is requesting the peer to use, in priority
order. The following identifiers are valid:
1) SCTP_AUTH_HMAC_ID_SHA1
2) SCTP_AUTH_HMAC_ID_SHA256 (optional)
3) SCTP_AUTH_HMAC_ID_SHA224 (optional)
4) SCTP_AUTH_HMAC_ID_SHA384 (optional)
4) SCTP_AUTH_HMAC_ID_SHA512 (optional)
Note that the list supplied must include SHA1 and may include any
of the other values in its preferred order (lowest list postion
has the most preference in algorithm selection). Note also that
the lack of SHA1, or the inclusion of an unknown HMAC identifier
(including optional identifers unknown to the implementation) will
cause the set option to fail and return an error.
7.1.20. Set a shared key (SCTP_AUTH_KEY)
This option will set a shared secret key which is used to build an
association shared key.
struct sctp_authkey {
sctp_assoc_t sca_assoc_id;
uint16_t sca_keynumber;
uint8_t sca_key[];
};
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sca_assoc_id - This parameter, if non-zero, indicates what
association that the shared key is being set upon. Note that if
this element contains zero, then the shared key is set upon the
endpoint and all future associations will use this key (if not
changed by subsequent calls to SCTP_AUTH_KEY). For one-to-one
sockets, this parameter is ignored. Note, however, that this
option will set a key on the association if the socket is
connected, otherwise this will set a key on the endpoint.
sca_keynumber - this parameter is the shared key identifier by which
the application will refer to this key. If a key of the specified
index already exists, then this new key will replace the old
existing key. Note that shared key identifier '0' defaults to a
null key.
sca_key - This parameter contains an array of bytes that is to be
used by the endpoint (or association) as the shared secret key.
Note, if the length of this field is zero, a null key is set.
Note that this option is write-only. Using this option in a
getsockopt() or sctp_opt_info() call will return EOPNOTSUPP.
7.1.21. Get or set the active shared key (SCTP_AUTH_ACTIVE_KEY)
This option will get or set the active shared key to be used to build
the association shared key.
struct sctp_authkeyid {
sctp_assoc_t scact_assoc_id;
uint16_t scact_keynumber;
};
scact_assoc_id - This parameter, if non-zero, indicates what
association that the shared key identifier is being set active
upon. Note that if this element contains zero, then the
activation applies to the endpoint and all future associations
will use the specified shared key identifier. For one-to-one
sockets, this parameter is ignored. Note, however, that this
option will set the active key on the association if the socket is
connected, otherwise this will set the default active key for the
endpoint.
scact_keynumber - this parameter is the shared key identifier which
the application is requesting to become the active shared key to
be used for sending authenticated chunks. The key identifier MUST
correspond to an existing shared key. Note that shared key
identifier '0' defaults to a null key.
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7.1.22. Delete a shared key (SCTP_AUTH_DELETE_KEY)
This set option will delete a shared secret key from use.
struct sctp_authkeyid {
sctp_assoc_t scact_assoc_id;
uint16_t scact_keynumber;
};
scact_assoc_id - This parameter, if non-zero, indicates what
association that the shared key identifier is being deleted from.
Note that if this element contains zero, then the shared key is
deleted from the endpoint and all associations will no longer use
the specified shared key identifier (unless otherwise set on the
association using SCTP_AUTH_KEY). For one-to-one sockets, this
parameter is ignored. Note, however, that this option will delete
the key from the association if the socket is connected, otherwise
this will delete the key from the endpoint.
scact_keynumber - this parameter is the shared key identifier which
the application is requesting to be deleted. The key identifier
MUST correspond to an existing shared key and MUST NOT be the
current active key. Note if this parameter is zero, use of the
null key identifier '0' is disabled on the endpoint and/or
association.
Note that this option is write-only. Using this option in a
getsockopt() or sctp_opt_info() call will return EOPNOTSUPP.
7.1.23. Get or set delayed ack timer (SCTP_DELAYED_SACK)
This option will effect the way delayed acks are performed. This
option allows you to get or set the delayed ack time, in
milliseconds. It also allows changing the delayed ack frequency.
Changing the frequency to 1 disables the delayed sack algorithm. If
the assoc_id is 0, then this sets or gets the endpoints default
values. If the assoc_id field is non-zero, then the set or get
effects the specified association for the one to many model (the
assoc_id field is ignored by the one to one model). Note that if
sack_delay or sack_freq are 0 when setting this option, then the
current values will remain unchanged.
struct sctp_sack_info {
sctp_assoc_t sack_assoc_id;
uint32_t sack_delay;
uint32_t sack_freq;
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};
sack_assoc_id - This parameter, indicates which association the user
is performing an action upon. Note that if this field's value is
zero then the endpoints default value is changed (effecting future
associations only).
sack_delay - This parameter contains the number of milliseconds that
the user is requesting the delayed ACK timer be set to. Note that
this value is defined in the standard to be between 200 and 500
milliseconds.
sack_freq - This parameter contains the number of packets that must
be received before a sack is sent without waiting for the delay
timer to expire. The default value for this is 2, setting this
value to 1 will disable the delayed sack algorithm.
7.1.24. Get or set fragmented interleave (SCTP_FRAGMENT_INTERLEAVE)
Fragmented interleave controls how the presentation of messages
occurs for the message receiver. There are three levels of fragment
interleave defined. Two of the levels effect the one-to-one model,
while the one-to-many model is effected by all three levels.
This option takes an integer value. It can be set to a value of 0, 1
or 2. Attempting to set this level to other values will return an
error.
Setting the three levels provides the following receiver
interactions:
level 0 - Prevents the interleaving of any messages. This means
that when a partial delivery begins, no other messages will be
received except the message being partially delivered. If another
message arrives on a different stream (or association) that could
be delivered, it will be blocked waiting for the user to read all
of the partially delivered message.
level 1 - Allows interleaving of messages that are from different
associations. For the one-to-one model, level 0 and level 1 thus
have the same meaning since a one-to-one socket always receives
messages from the same association. Note that setting the one-to-
many model to this level may cause multiple partial delivers from
different associations but for any given association, only one
message will be delivered until all parts of a message have been
delivered. This means that one large message, being read with an
association identification of "X", will block other messages from
association "X" from being delivered.
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level 2 - Allows complete interleaving of messages. This level
requires that the sender carefully observe not only the peer
association identification (or address) but also must pay careful
attention to the stream number. With this option enabled a
partially delivered message may begin being delivered for
association "X" stream "Y" and the next subsequent receive may
return a message from association "X" stream "Z". Note that no
other messages would be delivered for association "X" stream "Y"
until all of stream "Y"'s partially delivered message was read.
Note that this option also effects the one-to-one model. Also
note that for the one-to-many model not only may another streams
message from the same association be delivered from the next
receive, some other associations message may be delivered upon the
next receive.
An implementation should default the one-to-many model to level 1.
The reason for this is that otherwise it is possible that a peer
could begin sending a partial message and thus block all other peers
from sending data. However a setting of level 2 requires the
application to not only be aware of the association (via the
association id or peers address) but also the stream number. The
stream number is NOT present unless the user has subscribed to the
sctp_data_io_events (see Section 7.3). This is also why we recommend
that the one-to-one model be defaulted to level 0 (level 1 for the
one-to-one model has no effect). Note that an implementation should
return an error if a application attempts to set the level to 2 and
has NOT subscribed to the sctp_data_io_events.
7.1.25. Set or Get the sctp partial delivery point
(SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_POINT)
This option will set or get the SCTP partial delivery point. This
point is the size of a message where the partial delivery API will be
invoked to help free up rwnd space for the peer. Setting this to a
lower value will cause partial deliveries to happen more often. The
calls argument is an integer that sets or gets the partial delivery
point. Note also that the call will fail if the user attempts to set
this value larger than the socket receive buffer size.
Note that any single message having a length smaller than or equal to
the SCTP partial delivery point will be delivered in one single read
call as long as the user provided buffer is large enough to hold the
message.
7.1.26. Set or Get the use of extended receive info
(SCTP_USE_EXT_RCVINFO)
This option will enable or disable the use of the extended version of
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the sctp_sndrcvinfo structure. If this option is disabled, then the
normal sctp_sndrcvinfo structure is returned in all receive message
calls. If this option is enabled then the sctp_extrcvinfo structure
is returned in all receive message calls.
Note that the sctp_extrcvinfo structure is never used in any send
call.
7.1.27. Set or Get the auto asconf flag (SCTP_AUTO_ASCONF)
This option will enable or disable the use of the automatic
generation of ASCONF chunks to add and delete addresses to an
existing association. Note that this option has two caveats namely:
a) it only effects sockets that are bound to all addresses on the
machine, and b) the system administrator may have an overriding
control that turns the asconf feature off no matter what setting the
socket option may have.
7.1.28. Set or Get the maximum burst (SCTP_MAX_BURST)
This option will allow a user to change the maximum burst of packets
that can be emitted by this association. Note that the default value
is 4, and some implementations may restrict this setting so that it
can only be lowered.
7.1.29. Set or Get the default context (SCTP_CONTEXT)
The context field in the sctp_sndrcvinfo structure is normally only
used when a failed message is retrieved holding the value that was
sent down on the actual send call. This option allows the setting of
a default context on an association basis that will be received on
reading messages from the peer. This is especially helpful in the
one-2-many model for an application to keep some reference to an
internal state machine that is processing messages on the
association. Note that the setting of this value only effects
received messages from the peer and does not effect the value that is
saved with outbound messages.
To set or get this option the user fills in the following structure:
struct sctp_assoc_value {
sctp_assoc_t assoc_id;
uint32_t assoc_value;
};
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assoc_id - This parameter, indicates which association the user is
performing an action upon. Note that if this field's value is
zero then the endpoints default value is changed (effecting future
associations only).
assoc_value - This parameter contains the context.
7.1.30. Enable or disable explicit EOR marking (SCTP_EXPLICIT_EOR)
This boolean flag is used to enable or disable explict end of record
(EOR) marking. When this option is enabled, a user may make multiple
send system calls to send a record and must indicate that they are
finished sending a particular record by including on the send the
SCTP_EOR flag. If this boolean flag is disabled then each individual
send system call is considered to have a SCTP_EOR indicator set on it
implicitly without the user having to explicitly add this flag.
7.2. Read-Only Options
7.2.1. Association Status (SCTP_STATUS)
Applications can retrieve current status information about an
association, including association state, peer receiver window size,
number of unacked data chunks, and number of data chunks pending
receipt. This information is read-only. The following structure is
used to access this information:
struct sctp_status {
sctp_assoc_t sstat_assoc_id;
int32_t sstat_state;
uint32_t sstat_rwnd;
uint16_t sstat_unackdata;
uint16_t sstat_penddata;
uint16_t sstat_instrms;
uint16_t sstat_outstrms;
uint32_t sstat_fragmentation_point;
struct sctp_paddrinfo sstat_primary;
};
sstat_state - This contains the association's current state one of
the following values:
SCTP_CLOSED
SCTP_BOUND
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SCTP_LISTEN
SCTP_COOKIE_WAIT
SCTP_COOKIE_ECHOED
SCTP_ESTABLISHED
SCTP_SHUTDOWN_PENDING
SCTP_SHUTDOWN_SENT
SCTP_SHUTDOWN_RECEIVED
SCTP_SHUTDOWN_ACK_SENT
sstat_rwnd - This contains the association peer's current receiver
window size.
sstat_unackdata - This is the number of unacked data chunks.
sstat_penddata - This is the number of data chunks pending receipt.
sstat_primary - This is information on the current primary peer
address.
sstat_assoc_id - (one-to-many style socket) This holds the an
identifier for the association. All notifications for a given
association have the same association identifier.
sstat_instrms - The number of streams that the peer will be using
inbound.
sstat_outstrms - The number of streams that the endpoint is allowed
to use outbound.
sstat_fragmentation_point - The size at which SCTP fragmentation
will occur.
To access these status values, the application calls getsockopt()
with the option name SCTP_STATUS. The sstat_assoc_id parameter is
ignored for one-to-one style socket.
7.2.2. Peer Address Information (SCTP_GET_PEER_ADDR_INFO)
Applications can retrieve information about a specific peer address
of an association, including its reachability state, congestion
window, and retransmission timer values. This information is read-
only. The following structure is used to access this information:
struct sctp_paddrinfo {
sctp_assoc_t spinfo_assoc_id;
struct sockaddr_storage spinfo_address;
int32_t spinfo_state;
uint32_t spinfo_cwnd;
uint32_t spinfo_srtt;
uint32_t spinfo_rto;
uint32_t spinfo_mtu;
};
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spinfo_address - This is filled in the application, and contains the
peer address of interest.
On return from getsockopt():
spinfo_state - This contains the peer addresses's state (either
SCTP_ACTIVE or SCTP_INACTIVE and possibly the modifier
SCTP_UNCONFIRMED)
spinfo_cwnd - This contains the peer addresses's current congestion
window.
spinfo_srtt - This contains the peer addresses's current smoothed
round-trip time calculation in milliseconds.
spinfo_rto - This contains the peer addresses's current
retransmission timeout value in milliseconds.
spinfo_mtu - The current P-MTU of this address.
spinfo_assoc_id - This is field may be filled in by the application,
if so, this field will have priority in looking up the association
over the address specified in spinfo_address. Note that if the
address does not belong to the association specified then this
call will fail. If the application does NOT fill in the
spinfo_assoc_id, then the address will be used to lookup the
association and on return this field will have the valid
association id. In other words, this call can be used to
translate a address into an association id.
To retrieve this information, use sctp_opt_info() with the
SCTP_GET_PEER_ADDR_INFO options.
7.2.3. Get the list of chunks the peer requires to be authenticated
(SCTP_PEER_AUTH_CHUNKS)
This option gets a list of chunks for a specified association that
the peer requires to be received authenticated only.
struct sctp_authchunks {
sctp_assoc_t gauth_assoc_id;
uint8_t gauth_chunks[];
};
gauth_assoc_id - This parameter, indicates which association the
user is requesting the list of peer authenticated chunks. For
one-to-one sockets, this parameter is ignored.
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gauth_chunks - This parameter contains an array of chunks that the
peer is requesting to be authenticated.
7.2.4. Get the list of chunks the local endpoint requires to be
authenticated (SCTP_LOCAL_AUTH_CHUNKS)
This option gets a list of chunks for a specified association that
the local endpoint requires to be received authenticated only.
struct sctp_authchunks {
sctp_assoc_t gauth_assoc_id;
uint8_t gauth_chunks[];
};
gauth_assoc_id - This parameter, indicates which association the
user is requesting the list of local authenticated chunks. For
one-to-one sockets, this parameter is ignored.
gauth_chunks - This parameter contains an array of chunks that the
local endpoint is requesting to be authenticated.
7.2.5. Get the current number of associations (SCTP_GET_ASSOC_NUMBER)
This option gets the current number of associations that are attached
to a one-to-many style socket. The option value is an uint32_t.
7.2.6. Get the current identifiers of associations
(SCTP_GET_ASSOC_ID_LIST)
This option gets the current list of SCTP association identifiers of
the SCTP associations handled by a one-to-many style socket. The
option value has the structure
struct sctp_assoc_ids {
sctp_assoc_t gaids_assoc_id[0];
};
The caller MUST provide a large enough buffer to hold all association
identifiers. If the buffer is too small, an error MUST be returned.
The user can use the SCTP_GET_ASSOC_NUMBER socket option to get an
idea how large the buffer has to be.
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7.3. Ancillary Data and Notification Interest Options
Applications can receive per-message ancillary information and
notifications of certain SCTP events with recvmsg().
The following optional information is available to the application:
1. SCTP_SNDRCV (sctp_data_io_event): Per-message information (i.e.
stream number, TSN, SSN, etc. described in Section 5.2.2)
2. SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE (sctp_association_event): (described in
Section 5.3.1.1)
3. SCTP_PEER_ADDR_CHANGE (sctp_address_event): (described in
Section 5.3.1.2)
4. SCTP_SEND_FAILED (sctp_send_failure_event): (described in
Section 5.3.1.4)
5. SCTP_REMOTE_ERROR (sctp_peer_error_event): (described in
Section 5.3.1.3)
6. SCTP_SHUTDOWN_EVENT (sctp_shtudown_event): (described in
Section 5.3.1.5)
7. SCTP_PARTIAL_DELIVERY_EVENT (sctp_partial_delivery_event):
(described in Section 5.3.1.7)
8. SCTP_ADAPTATION_INDICATION (sctp_adaptation_layer_event):
(described in Section 5.3.1.6)
9. SCTP_AUTHENTICATION_INDICATION (sctp_authentication_event):
(described in Section 5.3.1.8)
To receive any ancillary data or notifications, first the application
registers it's interest by calling the SCTP_EVENTS setsockopt() with
the following structure.
struct sctp_event_subscribe{
uint8_t sctp_data_io_event;
uint8_t sctp_association_event;
uint8_t sctp_address_event;
uint8_t sctp_send_failure_event;
uint8_t sctp_peer_error_event;
uint8_t sctp_shutdown_event;
uint8_t sctp_partial_delivery_event;
uint8_t sctp_adaptation_layer_event;
uint8_t sctp_authentication_event;
};
sctp_data_io_event - Setting this flag to 1 will cause the reception
of SCTP_SNDRCV information on a per message basis. The application
will need to use the recvmsg() interface so that it can receive the
event information contained in the msg_control field. Please see
Section 5.2 for further details. Setting the flag to 0 will disable
reception of the message control information.
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sctp_association_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of association event notifications. Setting the flag to 0
will disable association event notifications. For more information
on event notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_address_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the reception
of address event notifications. Setting the flag to 0 will disable
address event notifications. For more information on event
notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_send_failure_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of send failure event notifications. Setting the flag to 0
will disable send failure event notifications. For more information
on event notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_peer_error_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of peer error event notifications. Setting the flag to 0
will disable peer error event notifications. For more information on
event notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_shutdown_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of shutdown event notifications. Setting the flag to 0
will disable shutdown event notifications. For more information on
event notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_partial_delivery_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of partial delivery notifications. Setting the flag to 0
will disable partial delivery event notifications. For more
information on event notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_adaptation_layer_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of adaptation layer notifications. Setting the flag to 0
will disable adaptation layer event notifications. For more
information on event notifications please see Section 5.3.
sctp_authentication_event - Setting this flag to 1 will enable the
reception of authentication layer notifications. Setting the flag to
0 will disable authentication layer event notifications. For More
information please see Section 5.3.
An example where an application would like to receive data io events
and association events but no others would be as follows:
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{
struct sctp_event_subscribe event;
memset(&event,0,sizeof(event));
event.sctp_data_io_event = 1;
event.sctp_association_event = 1;
setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_SCTP, SCTP_EVENTS, &event, sizeof(event));
}
Note that for one-to-many style SCTP sockets, the caller of recvmsg()
receives ancillary data and notifications for ALL associations bound
to the file descriptor. For one-to-one style SCTP sockets, the
caller receives ancillary data and notifications for only the single
association bound to the file descriptor.
By default both the one-to-one style and one-to-many style socket has
all options off.
8. New Interfaces
Depending on the system, the following interface can be implemented
as a system call or library function.
8.1. sctp_bindx()
The syntax of sctp_bindx() is,
int sctp_bindx(int sd, struct sockaddr *addrs, int addrcnt,
int flags);
If sd is an IPv4 socket, the addresses passed must be IPv4 addresses.
If the sd is an IPv6 socket, the addresses passed can either be IPv4
or IPv6 addresses.
A single address may be specified as INADDR_ANY or IN6ADDR_ANY, see
Section 3.1.2 for this usage.
addrs is a pointer to an array of one or more socket addresses. Each
address is contained in its appropriate structure. For an IPv6
socket, an array of sockaddr_in6 would be returned. For a IPv4
socket, an array of sockaddr_in would be returned. The caller
specifies the number of addresses in the array with addrcnt. Note
that the wildcard addresses cannot be used with this function, doing
so will result in an error.
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On success, sctp_bindx() returns 0. On failure, sctp_bindx() returns
-1, and sets errno to the appropriate error code.
For SCTP, the port given in each socket address must be the same, or
sctp_bindx() will fail, setting errno to EINVAL.
The flags parameter is formed from the bitwise OR of zero or more of
the following currently defined flags:
SCTP_BINDX_ADD_ADDR
SCTP_BINDX_REM_ADDR
SCTP_BINDX_ADD_ADDR directs SCTP to add the given addresses to the
association, and SCTP_BINDX_REM_ADDR directs SCTP to remove the given
addresses from the association. The two flags are mutually
exclusive; if both are given, sctp_bindx() will fail with EINVAL. A
caller may not remove all addresses from an association; sctp_bindx()
will reject such an attempt with EINVAL.
An application can use sctp_bindx(SCTP_BINDX_ADD_ADDR) to associate
additional addresses with an endpoint after calling bind(). Or use
sctp_bindx(SCTP_BINDX_REM_ADDR) to remove some addresses a listening
socket is associated with so that no new association accepted will be
associated with those addresses. If the endpoint supports dynamic
address a SCTP_BINDX_REM_ADDR or SCTP_BINDX_ADD_ADDR may cause a
endpoint to send the appropriate message to the peer to change the
peers address lists.
Adding and removing addresses from a connected association is
optional functionality. Implementations that do not support this
functionality should return EOPNOTSUPP.
sctp_binx() can be called on an already bound socket or on an unbound
socket. If the socket is unbound and the first port number in the
addrs is zero, the kernel will chose a port number. All port number
after the first one being 0 MUST also be zero. If the first port
number is not zero, the following port numbers MUST be zero or have
the same value as the first one. For an already bound socket, all
port numbers provided MUST the the bound one or 0.
8.2. Branched-off Association
After an association is established on a one-to-many style socket,
the application may wish to branch off the association into a
separate socket/file descriptor.
This is particularly desirable when, for instance, the application
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wishes to have a number of sporadic message senders/receivers remain
under the original one-to-many style socket but branch off those
associations carrying high volume data traffic into their own
separate socket descriptors.
The application uses sctp_peeloff() call to branch off an association
into a separate socket (Note the semantics are somewhat changed from
the traditional one-to-one style accept() call). Note that the new
socket is a one-to-one style socket. Thus it will be confined to
operations allowed for a one-to-one style socket.
The syntax is:
new_sd = sctp_peeloff(int sd, sctp_assoc_t assoc_id);
new_sd: the new socket descriptor representing the branched-off
association.
sd: the original one-to-many style socket descriptor returned from
the socket() system call (see Section 3.1.1).
assoc_id: the specified identifier of the association that is to be
branched off to a separate file descriptor (Note, in a traditional
one-to-one style accept() call, this would be an out parameter,
but for the one-to-many style call, this is an in parameter).
8.3. sctp_getpaddrs()
sctp_getpaddrs() returns all peer addresses in an association. The
syntax is,
int sctp_getpaddrs(int sd, sctp_assoc_t id,
struct sockaddr **addrs);
On return, addrs will point to an array dynamically allocated
sockaddr structures of the appropriate type for the socket type. The
caller should use sctp_freepaddrs() to free the memory. Note that
the in/out parameter addrs must not be NULL.
If sd is an IPv4 socket, the addresses returned will be all IPv4
addresses. If sd is an IPv6 socket, the addresses returned can be a
mix of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.
For one-to-many style sockets, id specifies the association to query.
For one-to-one style sockets, id is ignored.
On success, sctp_getpaddrs() returns the number of peer addresses in
the association. If there is no association on this socket,
sctp_getpaddrs() returns 0, and the value of *addrs is undefined. If
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an error occurs, sctp_getpaddrs() returns -1, and the value of *addrs
is undefined.
8.4. sctp_freepaddrs()
sctp_freepaddrs() frees all resources allocated by
sctp_getpaddrs(). Its syntax is,
void sctp_freepaddrs(struct sockaddr *addrs);
addrs is the array of peer addresses returned by sctp_getpaddrs().
8.5. sctp_getladdrs()
sctp_getladdrs() returns all locally bound address(es) on a socket.
The syntax is,
int sctp_getladdrs(int sd, sctp_assoc_t id,
struct sockaddr **ss);
On return, addrs will point to a dynamically allocated array of
sockaddr structures of the appropriate type for the socket type. The
caller should use sctp_freeladdrs() to free the memory. Note that
the in/out parameter addrs must not be NULL.
If sd is an IPv4 socket, the addresses returned will be all IPv4
addresses. If sd is an IPv6 socket, the addresses returned can be a
mix of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.
For one-to-many style sockets, id specifies the association to query.
For one-to-one style sockets, id is ignored.
If the id field is set to the value '0' then the locally bound
addresses are returned without regard to any particular association.
On success, sctp_getladdrs() returns the number of local addresses
bound to the socket. If the socket is unbound, sctp_getladdrs()
returns 0, and the value of *addrs is undefined. If an error occurs,
sctp_getladdrs() returns -1, and the value of *addrs is undefined.
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8.6. sctp_freeladdrs()
sctp_freeladdrs() frees all resources allocated by
sctp_getladdrs(). Its syntax is,
void sctp_freeladdrs(struct sockaddr *addrs);
addrs is the array of peer addresses returned by sctp_getladdrs().
8.7. sctp_sendmsg()
An implementation may provide a library function (or possibly system
call) to assist the user with the advanced features of SCTP.
sctp_sendmsg(). Its syntax is,
ssize_t sctp_sendmsg(int sd,
const void *msg,
size_t len,
const struct sockaddr *to,
socklen_t tolen,
uint32_t ppid,
uint32_t flags,
uint16_t stream_no,
uint32_t timetolive,
uint32_t context)
sd - is the socket descriptor
msg - is the message to be sent.
len - is the length of the message.
to - is the destination address of the message.
tolen - is the length of the destination address.
ppid - is the same as sinfo_ppid (see section 5.2.2)
flags - is the same as sinfo_flags (see section 5.2.2)
stream_no - is the same as sinfo_stream (see section 5.2.2)
timetolive - is the same as sinfo_timetolive (see section 5.2.2)
context - is the same as sinfo_context (see section 5.2.2)
The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error
occurred. The variable errno is then set appropriately.
8.8. sctp_recvmsg()
An implementation may provide a library function (or possibly system
call) to assist the user with the advanced features of SCTP. Note
that in order for the sctp_sndrcvinfo structure to be filled in by
sctp_recvmsg() the caller must enable the sctp_data_io_events with
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the SCTP_EVENTS option. Note that the setting of the
SCTP_USE_EXT_RCVINFO will effect this function as well, causing the
sctp_sndrcvinfo information to be extended.
sctp_recvmsg(). Its syntax is,
ssize_t sctp_recvmsg(int sd,
void *msg,
size_t len,
struct sockaddr *from,
socklen_t *fromlen
struct sctp_sndrcvinfo *sinfo
int *msg_flags)
sd - is the socket descriptor
msg - is a message buffer to be filled.
len - is the length of the message buffer.
from - is a pointer to a address to be filled with the sender of
this messages address.
fromlen - is the from length.
sinfo - A pointer to a sctp_sndrcvinfo structure to be filled upon
receipt of the message.
msg_flags - A pointer to a integer to be filled with any message
flags (e.g. MSG_NOTIFICATION).
The call returns the number of bytes received, or -1 if an error
occurred. The variable errno is then set appropriately.
8.9. sctp_connectx()
An implementation may provide a library function (or possibly system
call) to assist the user with associating to an endpoint that is
multi-homed. Much like sctp_bindx() this call allows a caller to
specify multiple addresses at which a peer can be reached. The way
the SCTP stack uses the list of addresses to set up the association
is implementation dependent. This function only specifies that the
stack will try to make use of all the addresses in the list when
needed.
Note that the list of addresses passed in is only used for setting up
the association. It does not necessarily equal the set of addresses
the peer uses for the resulting association. If the caller wants to
find out the set of peer addresses, it must use sctp_getpaddrs() to
retrieve them after the association has been set up.
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sctp_connectx(). Its syntax is,
int sctp_connectx(int sd,
struct sockaddr *addrs,
int addrcnt,
sctp_assoc_t *id)
sd - is the socket descriptor
addrs - is an array of addresses.
addrcnt - is the number of addresses in the array.
id - is an output parameter that if passed in as a non-NULL will
return the association identification for the newly created
association (if successful).
The call returns 0 on success or -1 if an error occured. The
variable errno is then set appropriately.
8.10. sctp_send()
An implementation may provide another alternative function or system
call to assist an application with the sending of data without the
use of the CMSG header structures. The function takes the following
form:
sctp_send(). Its syntax is,
int sctp_send(int sd,
const void *msg,
size_t len,
const struct sctp_sndrcvinfo *sinfo,
int flags);
sd - is the socket descriptor
msg - The message to be sent
len - The length of the message
sinfo - A pointer to a sctp_sndrcvinfo structure used as described
in 5.2.2 for a sendmsg call.
flags - is used in the same format as the sendmsg call flags (e.g.
MSG_DONTROUTE).
This function call may also be used to terminate an association using
an association identification by setting the sinfo.sinfo_flags to
SCTP_EOF and the sinfo.sinfo_assoc_id to the association that needs
to be terminated. In such a case the len of the message would be
zero.
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The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error
occurred. The variable errno is then set appropriately.
8.11. sctp_sendx()
An implementation may provide another alternative function or system
call to assist an application with the sending of data without the
use of the CMSG header structures that also gives a list of
addresses. The list of addresses is provided for implicit
association setup. In such a case the list of addresses serves the
same purpose as the addresses given in sctp_connectx (see
Section 8.9).
sctp_sendx(). Its syntax is,
int sctp_sendx(int sd,
const void *msg,
size_t len,
struct sockaddr *addrs,
int addrcnt,
struct sctp_sndrcvinfo *sinfo,
int flags);
sd - is the socket descriptor
msg - The message to be sent
len - The length of the message
addrs - is an array of addresses.
addrcnt - is the number of addresses in the array.
sinfo - A pointer to a sctp_sndrcvinfo structure used as described
in 5.2.2 for a sendmsg call.
flags - is used in the same format as the sendmsg call flags (e.g.
MSG_DONTROUTE).
Note that on return from this call the sinfo structure will have
changed in that the sinfo_assoc_id will be filled in with the new
association id.
This function call may also be used to terminate an association using
an association identification by setting the sinfo.sinfo_flags to
SCTP_EOF and the sinfo.sinfo_assoc_id to the association that needs
to be terminated. In such a case the len of the message would be
zero.
The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error
occurred. The variable errno is then set appropriately.
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8.12. sctp_getaddrlen
For application binary portability it is sometimes desirable to know
what the kernel thinks is the length of a socket address family.
This function, when called with a valid family type will return the
length that the operating system uses in the specified family's
socket address structure.
int sctp_getaddrlen(sa_family_t family);
9. Preprocessor Constants
For application portability it is desirable to define pre-processor
constants for determination if sctp is present and supports various
features. The following pre-processor constants should be defined in
a include file, sctp.h.
HAVE_SCTP - If this constant is defined, then an implementation of
SCTP is available.
HAVE_KERNEL_SCTP - If this constant is defined, then a kernel SCTP
implementation is available through the sockets interface.
HAVE_SCTP_PRSCTP - If this constant is defined, then the SCTP
implementation supports the partial reliability extension to SCTP.
HAVE_SCTP_ADDIP - If this constant is defined, then the SCTP
implementation supports the dynamic address extension to SCTP.
HAVE_SCTP_CANSET_PRIMARY - If this constant is defined, then the
SCTP implementation supports the ability to request setting of the
remote primary address.
HAVE_SCTP_SAT_NETWORK_CAPABILITY - If this constant is defined, then
the SCTP implementation supports the satellite network extension
to SCTP.
HAVE_SCTP_MULTIBUF - If this constant is defined to 1, then the SCTP
implementation dedicates separate buffer space to each association
on a one-to-many socket. If this constant is defined to 0, then
the implementation provides a single block of shared buffer space
for a one-to-many socket.
HAVE_SCTP_NOCONNECT - If this constant is defined, then the SCTP
implementation supports initiating an association on a one-to-one
style socket without the use of connect(), as outlined in
Section 4.1.5.
HAVE_SCTP_EXT_RCVINFO - If this constant is defined, then the SCTP
implementation supports the use of the extended style sndrecinfo
structure, sctp_extrcvinfo.
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10. IANA considerations
This document contains no IANA considerations.
11. Security Considerations
Many TCP and UDP implementations reserve port numbers below 1024 for
privileged users. If the target platform supports privileged users,
the SCTP implementation SHOULD restrict the ability to call bind() or
sctp_bindx() on these port numbers to privileged users.
Similarly unprivileged users should not be able to set protocol
parameters which could result in the congestion control algorithm
being more aggressive than permitted on the public Internet. These
parameters are:
struct sctp_rtoinfo
If an unprivileged user inherits a one-to-many style socket with open
associations on a privileged port, it MAY be permitted to accept new
associations, but it SHOULD NOT be permitted to open new
associations. This could be relevant for the r* family of protocols.
12. Acknowledgments
Special acknowledgment is given to Ken Fujita and Jonathan Woods who
helped extensively in the early formation of this document.
The authors also wish to thank Kavitha Baratakke, Mike Bartlett, Jon
Berger, Mark Butler, Scott Kimble, Renee Revis, Andreas Fink, and
many others on the TSVWG mailing list for contributing valuable
comments.
A special thanks to Phillip Conrad, for his suggested text, quick and
constructive insights, and most of all his persistent fighting to
keep the interface to SCTP usable for the application programmer.
13. Normative references
[RFC0793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
RFC 793, September 1981.
[RFC0768] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
August 1980.
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[RFC1644] Braden, B., "T/TCP -- TCP Extensions for Transactions
Functional Specification", RFC 1644, July 1994.
[RFC2026] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2292] Stevens, W. and M. Thomas, "Advanced Sockets API for
IPv6", RFC 2292, February 1998.
[RFC2553] Gilligan, R., Thomson, S., Bound, J., and W. Stevens,
"Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6", RFC 2553,
March 1999.
[RFC2960] Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Morneault, K., Sharp, C.,
Schwarzbauer, H., Taylor, T., Rytina, I., Kalla, M.,
Zhang, L., and V. Paxson, "Stream Control Transmission
Protocol", RFC 2960, October 2000.
Appendix A. one-to-one style Code Example
The following code is a simple implementation of an echo server over
SCTP. The example shows how to use some features of one-to-one style
IPv4 SCTP sockets, including:
o Opening, binding, and listening for new associations on a socket;
o Enabling ancillary data
o Enabling notifications
o Using ancillary data with sendmsg() and recvmsg()
o Using MSG_EOR to determine if an entire message has been read
o Handling notifications
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/sctp.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#define BUFLEN 100
static void
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handle_event(void *buf)
{
struct sctp_assoc_change *sac;
struct sctp_send_failed *ssf;
struct sctp_paddr_change *spc;
struct sctp_remote_error *sre;
union sctp_notification *snp;
char addrbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
const char *ap;
struct sockaddr_in *sin;
struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6;
snp = buf;
switch (snp->sn_header.sn_type) {
case SCTP_ASSOC_CHANGE:
sac = &snp->sn_assoc_change;
printf("^^^ assoc_change: state=%hu, error=%hu, instr=%hu "
"outstr=%hu\n", sac->sac_state, sac->sac_error,
sac->sac_inbound_streams, sac->sac_outbound_streams);
break;
case SCTP_SEND_FAILED:
ssf = &snp->sn_send_failed;
printf("^^^ sendfailed: len=%hu err=%d\n", ssf->ssf_length,
ssf->ssf_error);
break;
case SCTP_PEER_ADDR_CHANGE:
spc = &snp->sn_paddr_change;
if (spc->spc_aaddr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)&spc->spc_aaddr;
ap = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin->sin_addr,
addrbuf, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
} else {
sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&spc->spc_aaddr;
ap = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6->sin6_addr,
addrbuf, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
}
printf("^^^ intf_change: %s state=%d, error=%d\n", ap,
spc->spc_state, spc->spc_error);
break;
case SCTP_REMOTE_ERROR:
sre = &snp->sn_remote_error;
printf("^^^ remote_error: err=%hu len=%hu\n",
ntohs(sre->sre_error), ntohs(sre->sre_length));
break;
case SCTP_SHUTDOWN_EVENT:
printf("^^^ shutdown event\n");
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break;
default:
printf("unknown type: %hu\n", snp->sn_header.sn_type);
break;
};
}
static void *
mysctp_recvmsg(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, void *buf, size_t *buflen,
ssize_t *nrp, size_t cmsglen)
{
ssize_t nr = 0, nnr = 0;
struct iovec iov[1];
*nrp = 0;
iov->iov_base = buf;
iov->iov_len = *buflen;
msg->msg_iov = iov;
msg->msg_iovlen = 1;
for (;;) {
#ifndef MSG_XPG4_2
#define MSG_XPG4_2 0
#endif
msg->msg_flags = MSG_XPG4_2;
msg->msg_controllen = cmsglen;
nnr = recvmsg(fd, msg, 0);
if (nnr <= 0) {
/* EOF or error */
*nrp = nr;
return (NULL);
}
nr += nnr;
if ((msg->msg_flags & MSG_EOR) != 0) {
*nrp = nr;
return (buf);
}
/* Realloc the buffer? */
if (*buflen == (size_t)nr) {
buf = realloc(buf, *buflen * 2);
if (buf == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
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*buflen *= 2;
}
/* Set the next read offset */
iov->iov_base = (char *)buf + nr;
iov->iov_len = *buflen - nr;
}
}
static void
echo(int fd, int socketModeone_to_many)
{
ssize_t nr;
struct sctp_sndrcvinfo *sri;
struct msghdr msg[1];
struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
char cbuf[sizeof (*cmsg) + sizeof (*sri)];
char *buf;
size_t buflen;
struct iovec iov[1];
size_t cmsglen = sizeof (*cmsg) + sizeof (*sri);
/* Allocate the initial data buffer */
buflen = BUFLEN;
if (!(buf = malloc(BUFLEN))) {
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Set up the msghdr structure for receiving */
memset(msg, 0, sizeof (*msg));
msg->msg_control = cbuf;
msg->msg_controllen = cmsglen;
msg->msg_flags = 0;
cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)cbuf;
sri = (struct sctp_sndrcvinfo *)(cmsg + 1);
/* Wait for something to echo */
while (buf = mysctp_recvmsg(fd, msg,
buf, &buflen, &nr, cmsglen)) {
/* Intercept notifications here */
if (msg->msg_flags & MSG_NOTIFICATION) {
handle_event(buf);
continue;
}
iov->iov_base = buf;
iov->iov_len = nr;
msg->msg_iov = iov;
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msg->msg_iovlen = 1;
printf("got %u bytes on stream %hu:\n", nr,
sri->sinfo_stream);
write(0, buf, nr);
/* Echo it back */
msg->msg_flags = MSG_XPG4_2;
if (sendmsg(fd, msg, 0) < 0) {
perror("sendmsg");
exit(1);
}
}
if (nr < 0) {
perror("recvmsg");
}
if(socketModeone_to_many == 0)
close(fd);
}
int main()
{
struct sctp_event_subscribe event;
int lfd, cfd;
int onoff = 1;
struct sockaddr_in sin[1];
if ((lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_SCTP)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
sin->sin_port = htons(7);
sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if (bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)sin, sizeof (*sin)) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if (listen(lfd, 1) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
/* Wait for new associations */
for (;;) {
if ((cfd = accept(lfd, NULL, 0)) == -1) {
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perror("accept");
exit(1);
}
/* Enable all events */
event.sctp_data_io_event = 1;
event.sctp_association_event = 1;
event.sctp_address_event = 1;
event.sctp_send_failure_event = 1;
event.sctp_peer_error_event = 1;
event.sctp_shutdown_event = 1;
event.sctp_partial_delivery_event = 1;
event.sctp_adaptation_layer_event = 1;
if (setsockopt(cfd, IPPROTO_SCTP,
SCTP_EVENTS, &event,
sizeof(event)) != 0) {
perror("setevent failed");
exit(1);
}
/* Echo back any and all data */
echo(cfd,0);
}
}
Appendix B. one-to-many style Code Example
The following code is a simple implementation of an echo server over
SCTP. The example shows how to use some features of one-to-many
style IPv4 SCTP sockets, including:
o Opening and binding of a socket;
o Enabling ancillary data
o Enabling notifications
o Using ancillary data with sendmsg() and recvmsg()
o Using MSG_EOR to determine if an entire message has been read
o Handling notifications
Note most functions defined in Appendix A are reused in this example.
int main()
{
int fd;
int idleTime = 2;
struct sockaddr_in sin[1];
struct sctp_event_subscribe event;
if ((fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_SEQPACKET, IPPROTO_SCTP)) == -1) {
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perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
sin->sin_port = htons(7);
sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)sin, sizeof (*sin)) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
/* Enable all notifications and events */
event.sctp_data_io_event = 1;
event.sctp_association_event = 1;
event.sctp_address_event = 1;
event.sctp_send_failure_event = 1;
event.sctp_peer_error_event = 1;
event.sctp_shutdown_event = 1;
event.sctp_partial_delivery_event = 1;
event.sctp_adaptation_layer_event = 1;
if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_SCTP,
SCTP_EVENTS, &event,
sizeof(event)) != 0) {
perror("setevent failed");
exit(1);
}
/* Set associations to auto-close in 2 seconds of
* inactivity
*/
if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_SCTP, SCTP_AUTOCLOSE,
&idleTime, 4) < 0) {
perror("setsockopt SCTP_AUTOCLOSE");
exit(1);
}
/* Allow new associations to be accepted */
if (listen(fd, 1) < 0) {
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
/* Wait for new associations */
while(1){
/* Echo back any and all data */
echo(fd,1);
}
}
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Authors' Addresses
Randall R. Stewart
Cisco Systems, Inc.
4875 Forest Drive
Suite 200
Columbia, SC 29206
USA
Phone:
Email: rrs@cisco.com
Qiaobing Xie
Motorola, Inc.
1501 W. Shure Drive, #2309
Arlington Heights, IL 60004
USA
Phone:
Email: qxie1@email.mot.com
La Monte H.P. Yarroll
TimeSys Corp
925 Liberty Ave.
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
USA
Phone:
Email: piggy@acm.org
Kacheong Poon
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
4150 Network Circle
Santa Clara, CA 95054
USA
Phone:
Email: kacheong.poon@sun.com
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Michael Tuexen
Univ. of Applied Sciences Muenster
Stegerwaldstr. 39
48565 Steinfurt
Germany
Email: tuexen@fh-muenster.de
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Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
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