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Versions: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 RFC 5221
IPv6 Operations Working Group A. Matsumoto
Internet-Draft T. Fujisaki
Intended status: Informational NTT
Expires: November 13, 2008 R. Hiromi
K. Kanayama
Intec Netcore
May 12, 2008
Requirements for address selection mechanisms
draft-ietf-v6ops-addr-select-req-07.txt
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
Abstract
There are some problematic cases when using the default address
selection mechanism which RFC 3484 defines. This document describes
additional requirements co-working with RFC 3484 to solve the
problems.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Requirements of Address Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3. Dynamic Behavior Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4. Node-Specific Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.5. Application-Specific Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.6. Multiple Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.7. Central Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.8. Next-hop Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.9. Compatibility with RFC 3493 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.10. Compatibility and Interoperability with RFC 3484 . . . . . 5
2.11. Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. List of threats introduced by new address-selection
mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. List of recommendations in which security mechanism
should be applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Appendix A. Appendix. Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 9
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1. Introduction
Today, the RFC 3484 [RFC3484] mechanism is widely implemented in
major OSs. However, in many sites, the default address-selection
rules are not appropriate, and cause a communication failure. PS
[I-D.ietf-v6ops-addr-select-ps] lists problematic cases that resulted
from incorrect address selection.
Though RFC 3484 made the address-selection behavior of a host
configurable, typical users cannot make use of that because of the
complexity of the mechanism and lack of knowledge about their network
topologies. Therefore, an address-selection autoconfiguration
mechanism is necessary, especially for unmanaged hosts of typical
users.
This document contains requirements for address-selection mechanisms
that enable hosts to perform appropriate address selection
automatically.
2. Requirements of Address Selection
Address-selection mechanisms have to fulfill the following eleven
requirements.
2.1. Effectiveness
The mechanism can modify RFC 3484 default address-selection behavior
at nodes. As documented in PS [I-D.ietf-v6ops-addr-select-ps], the
default rules defined in RFC 3484 do not work properly in some
environments. Therefore, the mechanism has to be able to modify the
address-selection behavior of a host, and to solve the problematic
cases described in the PS document.
2.2. Timing
Nodes can perform appropriate address selection when they select
addresses.
If nodes need to have address-selection information to perform
appropriate address selection, then the mechanism has to provide a
function for nodes to obtain the necessary information beforehand.
The mechanism should not degrade usability. The mechanism should not
enforce long address-selection processing time upon users.
Therefore, forcing every consumer user to manipulate address
selection policy table is usually not an acceptable solution. So, in
this case, some kind of autoconfiguration mechanism is desirable.
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2.3. Dynamic Behavior Update
The address-selection behavior of nodes can be dynamically updated.
When the network structure changes and the address-selection behavior
has to be changed accordingly, a network administrator can modify the
address-selection behavior of nodes.
2.4. Node-Specific Behavior
The mechanism can support node-specific address-selection behavior.
Even when multiple nodes are on the same subnet, the mechanism should
be able to provide a method for the network administrator to make
nodes behave differently. For example, each node may have a
different set of assigned prefixes. In such a case, the appropriate
address-selection behavior may be different.
2.5. Application-Specific Behavior
The mechanism can support application-specific address-selection
behavior or combined use with an application-specific address-
selection mechanism such as address-selection APIs.
2.6. Multiple Interface
The mechanism can support those nodes equipped with multiple
interfaces. The mechanism has to assume that nodes have multiple
interfaces and makes address selection of those nodes work
appropriately.
2.7. Central Control
The address selection behavior of nodes can be centrally controlled.
A site administrator or a service provider could determine or could
have effect on the address-selection behavior at their users' hosts.
2.8. Next-hop Selection
The mechanism can control next-hop-selection behavior at hosts or
cooperate with other routing mechanisms, such as routing protocols
and RFC 4191 [RFC4191]. If the address-selection mechanism is used
with a routing mechanism, the two mechanisms have to be able to work
synchronously.
2.9. Compatibility with RFC 3493
The mechanism can allow an application that uses the basic socket
interface defined in RFC 3493 [RFC3493] to work correctly. That is,
with the basic socket interface the application can select
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appropriate source and destination addresses and can communicate with
the destination host. This requirement does not necessarily mean
that OS protocol stack and socket libraries should not be changed.
2.10. Compatibility and Interoperability with RFC 3484
The mechanism is compatible with RFC 3484. Now that RFC 3484 is
widely implemented, it may be most preferrable that a new address
selection mechanism does not conflict with the address selection
mechanisms defined in RFC 3484.
If the solution mechanism changes or replaces the address selection
mechanism defined in RFC 3484, interoperability has to be retained.
That is, a host with the new solution mechanism and a host with the
mechanism of RFC 3484 have to be interoperable.
2.11. Security
The mechanism works without any security problems. Possible security
threats are described in Security Considerations section of this
document.
3. Security Considerations
3.1. List of threats introduced by new address-selection mechanism
There will be some security incidents when combining these
requirements described in Section 2 into a protocol. In particular,
there are 3 types of threats, "Leakage", "Hijacking", and "Denial of
Services".
1. Tapping from malicious nodes to collect the network policy
information and leak them to unauthorized parties.
2. Hijacking of nodes made possible by malicious injection of
illegitimate policy information: RFC 3484 defines both of source
and destination selection algorithm. An attacker able to inject
malicious policy information could redirect packets sent by a
victim node to an intentionally chosen server that would scan the
victim node activities to find out exploit code. Once exploit
code is found the attacker can take control of the victim node.
3. Denial of Service Attack on the ability of nodes to communicate
in the absence of the address selection policy: An attacker could
launch a flooding attack on the controller to prevent it to
deliver the address selection policy information to nodes, thus
preventing these nodes to appropriately communicate in the
absence of that information.
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3.2. List of recommendations in which security mechanism should be
applied
The source address selection protocol should be afforded security
services listed below. It is preferable that these security services
are afforded via use of existing protocols (e.g., IPsec).
1. Integrity of the network policy information itself and the
messages exchanged in the protocol. This is a countermeasure
against "Leakage", "Hijacking", and "Denial of Services".
2. Authentication and authorization of parties involved in the
protocol. This is a countermeasure against "Leakage" and
"Hijacking".
4. IANA Considerations
This document has no actions for IANA.
5. References
5.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-v6ops-addr-select-ps]
Matsumoto, A., Fujisaki, T., Hiromi, R., and K. Kanayama,
"Problem Statement of Default Address Selection in Multi-
prefix Environment: Operational Issues of RFC3484 Default
Rules", draft-ietf-v6ops-addr-select-ps-05 (work in
progress), April 2008.
[RFC3484] Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.
[RFC3493] Gilligan, R., Thomson, S., Bound, J., McCann, J., and W.
Stevens, "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6",
RFC 3493, February 2003.
[RFC4191] Draves, R. and D. Thaler, "Default Router Preferences and
More-Specific Routes", RFC 4191, November 2005.
5.2. Informative References
Appendix A. Appendix. Revision History
01:
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Other than policy table distribution approach, the solution
section included several solutions discussed at 67th IETF meeting.
02:
The description and evaluation of solution approaches were
separated into a new document called
draft-arifumi-v6ops-addr-select-sol-00.
03:
Security Considerations section was rewritten according to
comments from SECDIR.
04:
A new requirement item "Compatibility with RFC 3493" was added,
which reflected a comment from Remi Denis-Courmont at the v6ops
mailing list.
05:
A new requirement item "Security" was added. Security
Considerations section was rewritten according to comments from
SECDIR.
06:
A new requirement item "Compatibility and Interoperability with
RFC 3484" was added in response to comments from Tim Polk.
07:
A couple of textual and typographical changes were made in
response to comments from Alfred Hoenes.
Authors' Addresses
Arifumi Matsumoto
NTT PF Lab
Midori-Cho 3-9-11
Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8585
Japan
Phone: +81 422 59 3334
Email: arifumi@nttv6.net
Tomohiro Fujisaki
NTT PF Lab
Midori-Cho 3-9-11
Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8585
Japan
Phone: +81 422 59 7351
Email: fujisaki@nttv6.net
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Ruri Hiromi
Intec Netcore, Inc.
Shinsuna 1-3-3
Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075
Japan
Phone: +81 3 5665 5069
Email: hiromi@inetcore.com
Ken-ichi Kanayama
Intec Netcore, Inc.
Shinsuna 1-3-3
Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075
Japan
Phone: +81 3 5665 5069
Email: kanayama_kenichi@intec-si.co.jp
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