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Versions: 00 01 02 03 04 05 RFC 3794
Network Working Group Philip J. Nesser II
draft-ietf-v6ops-ipv4survey-trans-05.txt Nesser & Nesser Consulting
Internet Draft Andreas Bergstrom (Ed.)
Ostfold University College
December 2003
Expires May 2004
Survey of IPv4 Addresses in Currently Deployed
IETF Transport Area Standards
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
Abstract
This document seeks to document all usage of IPv4 addresses in currently
deployed IETF Transport Area documented standards. In order to
successfully transition from an all IPv4 Internet to an all IPv6
Internet, many interim steps will be taken. One of these steps is the
evolution of current protocols that have IPv4 dependencies. It is hoped
that these protocols (and their implementations) will be redesigned to
be network address independent, but failing that will at least dually
support IPv4 and IPv6. To this end, all Standards (Full, Draft, and
Proposed) as well as Experimental RFCs will be surveyed and any
dependencies will be documented.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Document Organisation
3. Full Standards
4. Draft Standards
5. Proposed Standards
6. Experimental RFCs
7. Summary of Results
7.1 Standards
7.2 Draft Standards
7.3 Proposed Standards
7.4 Experimental RFCs
8. Security Consideration
9. Acknowledgements
10. References
11. Authors' Addresses
12. Intellectual Property Statement
13. Full Copyright Statement
1.0 Introduction
This document is part of a document set aiming to document all usage of
IPv4 addresses in IETF standards. In an effort to have the information
in a manageable form, it has been broken into 7 documents conforming
to the current IETF areas (Application, Internet, Management &
Operations, Routing, Security, Sub-IP and Transport).
For a full introduction, please see the introduction [1].
2.0 Document Organization
The rest of the document sections are described below.
Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6 each describe the raw analysis of Full, Draft,
and Proposed Standards, and Experimental RFCs. Each RFC is discussed in
its turn starting with RFC 1 and ending with (around) RFC 3100.
The comments for each RFC are "raw" in nature. That is, each RFC is
discussed in a vacuum and problems or issues discussed do not "look
ahead" to see if the problems have already been fixed.
Section 7 is an analysis of the data presented in Sections 3, 4, 5, and
6. It is here that all of the results are considered as a whole and the
problems that have been resolved in later RFCs are correlated.
3.0 Full Standards
Full Internet Standards (most commonly simply referred to as
"Standards") are fully mature protocol specification that are widely
implemented and used throughout the Internet.
3.1 RFC 768 User Datagram Protocol
Although UDP is a transport protocol there is one reference to the
UDP/IP interface that states; "The UDP module must be able to
determine the source and destination internet addresses and the
protocol field from the internet header." This does not force a
rewrite of the protocol but will clearly cause changes in
implementations.
3.2 RFC 793 Transmission Control Protocol
Section 3.1 which specifies the header format for TCP. The TCP header
is free from IPv4 references but there is an inconsistency in the
computation of checksums. The text says: "The checksum also covers a
96 bit pseudo header conceptually prefixed to the TCP header. This
pseudo header contains the Source Address, the Destination Address,
the Protocol, and TCP length." The first and second 32-bit words are
clearly meant to specify 32-bit IPv4 addresses. While no modification
of the TCP protocol is necessitated by this problem, an alternate needs
to be specified as an update document, or as part of another IPv6
document.
3.3 RFC 907 Host Access Protocol specification
This is a layer 3 protocol, and has as such no IPv4 dependencies.
3.4 NetBIOS Service Protocols. RFC1001, RFC1002
3.4.1 RFC 1001 PROTOCOL STANDARD FOR A NetBIOS SERVICE ON A TCP/UDP
TRANSPORT:
CONCEPTS AND METHODS
Section 15.4.1. RELEASE BY B NODES defines:
A NAME RELEASE DEMAND contains the following information:
- NetBIOS name
- The scope of the NetBIOS name
- Name type: unique or group
- IP address of the releasing node
- Transaction ID
Section 15.4.2. RELEASE BY P NODES defines:
A NAME RELEASE REQUEST contains the following information:
- NetBIOS name
- The scope of the NetBIOS name
- Name type: unique or group
- IP address of the releasing node
- Transaction ID
A NAME RELEASE RESPONSE contains the following information:
- NetBIOS name
- The scope of the NetBIOS name
- Name type: unique or group
- IP address of the releasing node
- Transaction ID
- Result:
- Yes: name was released
- No: name was not released, a reason code is provided
Section 16. NetBIOS SESSION SERVICE states:
The NetBIOS session service begins after one or more IP addresses
have been found for the target name. These addresses may have been
acquired using the NetBIOS name query transactions or by other means,
such as a local name table or cache.
Section 16.1. OVERVIEW OF NetBIOS SESSION SERVICE
Session service has three phases:
Session establishment - it is during this phase that the IP
address and TCP port of the called name is determined, and a
TCP connection is established with the remote party.
16.1.1. SESSION ESTABLISHMENT PHASE OVERVIEW
An end-node begins establishment of a session to another node by
somehow acquiring (perhaps using the name query transactions or a
local cache) the IP address of the node or nodes purported to own the
destination name.
Once the TCP connection is open, the calling node sends session
service request packet. This packet contains the following
information:
- Calling IP address (see note)
- Calling NetBIOS name
- Called IP address (see note)
- Called NetBIOS name
NOTE: The IP addresses are obtained from the TCP service
interface.
If a compatible LISTEN exists, and there are adequate resources, then
the session server may transform the existing TCP connection into the
NetBIOS data session. Alternatively, the session server may
redirect, or "retarget" the caller to another TCP port (and IP
address).
If the caller is redirected, the caller begins the session
establishment anew, but using the new IP address and TCP port given
in the retarget response. Again a TCP connection is created, and
again the calling and called node exchange credentials. The called
party may accept the call, reject the call, or make a further
redirection.
17.1. OVERVIEW OF NetBIOS DATAGRAM SERVICE
Every NetBIOS datagram has a named destination and source. To
transmit a NetBIOS datagram, the datagram service must perform a name
query operation to learn the IP address and the attributes of the
destination NetBIOS name. (This information may be cached to avoid
the overhead of name query on subsequent NetBIOS datagrams.)
17.1.1. UNICAST, MULTICAST, AND BROADCAST
NetBIOS datagrams may be unicast, multicast, or broadcast. A NetBIOS
datagram addressed to a unique NetBIOS name is unicast. A NetBIOS
datagram addressed to a group NetBIOS name, whether there are zero,
one, or more actual members, is multicast. A NetBIOS datagram sent
using the NetBIOS "Send Broadcast Datagram" primitive is broadcast.
17.1.2. FRAGMENTATION OF NetBIOS DATAGRAMS
When the header and data of a NetBIOS datagram exceeds the maximum
amount of data allowed in a UDP packet, the NetBIOS datagram must be
fragmented before transmission and reassembled upon receipt.
A NetBIOS Datagram is composed of the following protocol elements:
- IP header of 20 bytes (minimum)
- UDP header of 8 bytes
- NetBIOS Datagram Header of 14 bytes
- The NetBIOS Datagram data.
18. NODE CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
- B NODES:
- Node's permanent unique name
- Whether IGMP is in use
- Broadcast IP address to use
- Whether NetBIOS session keep-alives are needed
- Usable UDP data field length (to control fragmentation)
- P NODES:
- Node's permanent unique name
- IP address of NBNS
- IP address of NBDD
- Whether NetBIOS session keep-alives are needed
- Usable UDP data field length (to control fragmentation)
- M NODES:
- Node's permanent unique name
- Whether IGMP is in use
- Broadcast IP address to use
- IP address of NBNS
- IP address of NBDD
- Whether NetBIOS session keep-alives are needed
- Usable UDP data field length (to control fragmentation)
All of the proceeding sections make implicit use of IPv4 addresses and
a new specification should be defined for use of IPv6 underlying
addresses.
3.3.2 RFC 1002 PROTOCOL STANDARD FOR A NetBIOS SERVICE ON A TCP/UDP
TRANSPORT:
DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4.2.1.3. RESOURCE RECORD defines
RESOURCE RECORD RR_TYPE field definitions:
Symbol Value Description:
A 0x0001 IP address Resource Record (See REDIRECT NAME
QUERY RESPONSE)
Sections 4.2.2. NAME REGISTRATION REQUEST, 4.2.3. NAME OVERWRITE
REQUEST & DEMAND, 4.2.4. NAME REFRESH REQUEST, 4.2.5. POSITIVE NAME
REGISTRATION RESPONSE, 4.2.6. NEGATIVE NAME REGISTRATION RESPONSE,
4.2.7. END-NODE CHALLENGE REGISTRATION RESPONSE, 4.2.9. NAME RELEASE
REQUEST & DEMAND, 4.2.10. POSITIVE NAME RELEASE RESPONSE,
4.2.11. NEGATIVE NAME RELEASE RESPONSE and Sections 4.2.13. POSITIVE
NAME QUERY RESPONSEall contain 32 bit fields labeled "NB_ADDRESS"
clearly defined for IPv4 addresses
Sections 4.2.15. REDIRECT NAME QUERY RESPONSE contains a field
"NSD_IP_ADDR"
which also is designed for a IPv4 address.
Section 4.3.5. SESSION RETARGET RESPONSE PACKET
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TYPE | FLAGS | LENGTH |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RETARGET_IP_ADDRESS |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PORT |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Section 4.4.1. NetBIOS DATAGRAM HEADER
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MSG_TYPE | FLAGS | DGM_ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_IP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_PORT | DGM_LENGTH |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PACKET_OFFSET |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
4.4.2. DIRECT_UNIQUE, DIRECT_GROUP, & BROADCAST DATAGRAM
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MSG_TYPE | FLAGS | DGM_ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_IP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_PORT | DGM_LENGTH |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PACKET_OFFSET | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
/ SOURCE_NAME /
/ /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
/ DESTINATION_NAME /
/ /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
/ USER_DATA /
/ /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Section 4.4.3. DATAGRAM ERROR PACKET
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MSG_TYPE | FLAGS | DGM_ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_IP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_PORT | ERROR_CODE |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
4.4.4. DATAGRAM QUERY REQUEST
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MSG_TYPE | FLAGS | DGM_ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_IP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_PORT | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| |
/ DESTINATION_NAME /
/ /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
4.4.5. DATAGRAM POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE QUERY RESPONSE
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MSG_TYPE | FLAGS | DGM_ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_IP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SOURCE_PORT | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| |
/ DESTINATION_NAME /
/ /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
5.3. NetBIOS DATAGRAM SERVICE PROTOCOLS
The following are GLOBAL variables and should be NetBIOS user
configurable:
- BROADCAST_ADDRESS: the IP address B-nodes use to send datagrams
with group name destinations and broadcast datagrams. The
default is the IP broadcast address for a single IP network.
There is also a large amount of pseudo code for most of the protocols
functionality that make no specific reference to IPv4 addresses.
However they assume the use of the above defined packets. The pseudo
code may be valid for IPv6 as long as the packet formats are updated.
3.5 RFC 1006 ISO Transport Service on top of the TCP (Version: 3)
Section 5. The Protocol defines a mapping specification
Mapping parameters is also straight-forward:
network service TCP
------- ---
CONNECTION RELEASE
Called address server's IP address
(4 octets)
Calling address client's IP address
(4 octets)
4.0 Draft Standards
Draft Standards represent the penultimate standard level in the IETF.
A protocol can only achieve draft standard when there are multiple,
independent, interoperable implementations. Draft Standards are usually
quite mature and widely used.
4.1 RFC 3530 Network File System (NFS) version 4 Protocol
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
4.2 RFC 3550 RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
4.3 RFC 3551 RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal
Control.
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.0 Proposed Standards
Proposed Standards are introductory level documents. There are no
requirements for even a single implementation. In many cases Proposed
are never implemented or advanced in the IETF standards process. They
therefore are often just proposed ideas that are presented to the
Internet community. Sometimes flaws are exposed or they are one of
many competing solutions to problems. In these later cases, no
discussion is presented as it would not serve the purpose of this
discussion.
5.01 RFC 1144 Compressing TCP/IP headers for low-speed serial
links
This RFC is specifically oriented towards TCP/IPv4 packet headers
and will not work in it's current form. Significant work has already
been done on similar algorithms for TCP/IPv6 headers.
5.02 RFC 1323 TCP Extensions for High Performance
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.03 RFC 1553 Compressing IPX Headers Over WAN Media (CIPX)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.04 RFC 1692 Transport Multiplexing Protocol (TMux)
Section 6. Implementation Notes is states:
Because the TMux mini-header does not contain a TOS field, only
segments with the same IP TOS field should be contained in a single
TMux message. As most systems do not use the TOS feature, this is
not a major restriction. Where the TOS field is used, it may be
desirable to hold several messages under construction for a host, one
for each TOS value.
Segments containing IP options should not be multiplexed.
This is clearly IPv4 specific, but a simple restatement in IPv6
terms will allow complete functionality.
5.05 RFC 1831 RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification
Version 2 RPC
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.06 RFC 1833 Binding Protocols for ONC RPC Version 2
In Section 2.1 RPCBIND Protocol Specification (in RPC Language)
there is the following code fragment:
* Protocol family (r_nc_protofmly):
* This identifies the family to which the protocol belongs. The
* following values are defined:
* NC_NOPROTOFMLY "-"
* NC_LOOPBACK "loopback"
* NC_INET "inet"
* NC_IMPLINK "implink"
* NC_PUP "pup"
* NC_CHAOS "chaos"
* NC_NS "ns"
* NC_NBS "nbs"
* NC_ECMA "ecma"
* NC_DATAKIT "datakit"
* NC_CCITT "ccitt"
* NC_SNA "sna"
* NC_DECNET "decnet"
* NC_DLI "dli"
* NC_LAT "lat"
* NC_HYLINK "hylink"
* NC_APPLETALK "appletalk"
* NC_NIT "nit"
* NC_IEEE802 "ieee802"
* NC_OSI "osi"
* NC_X25 "x25"
* NC_OSINET "osinet"
* NC_GOSIP "gosip"
It is clear that the value for NC_INET is intended for the IP protocol
and is seems clear that it is IPv4 dependent.
5.07 RFC 1962 The PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.08 RFC 2018 TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.09 RFC 2029 RTP Payload Format of Sun's CellB Video Encoding
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.10 RFC 2032 RTP Payload Format for H.261 Video Streams
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.11 RFC 2126 ISO Transport Service on top of TCP (ITOT)
This specification is IPv6 aware and has no issues.
5.12 RFC 2190 RTP Payload Format for H.263 Video Streams
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.13 RFC 2198 RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.14 RFC 2205 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) --
Version 1 Functional Specification
In Section 1. Introduction the statement is made:
RSVP operates on top of IPv4 or IPv6, occupying the place of a
transport protocol in the protocol stack.
Appendix A defines all of the header formats for RSVP and there are
multiple formats for both IPv4 and IPv6.
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.15 RFC 2207 RSVP Extensions for IPSEC Data Flows
The defined IPsec extensions are valid for both IPv4 & IPv6.
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.16 RFC 2210 The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.17 RFC 2211 Specification of the Controlled-Load Network
Element Service
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.18 RFC 2212 Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.19 RFC 2215 General Characterization Parameters for
Integrated Service Network Elements
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.20 RFC 2250 RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.21 RFC 2326 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
Section 3.2 RTSP URL defines:
The "rtsp" and "rtspu" schemes are used to refer to network resources
via the RTSP protocol. This section defines the scheme-specific
syntax and semantics for RTSP URLs.
rtsp_URL = ( "rtsp:" | "rtspu:" )
"//" host [ ":" port ] [ abs_path ]
host = <A legal Internet host domain name of IP address
(in dotted decimal form), as defined by Section 2.1
of RFC 1123 \cite{rfc1123}>
port = *DIGIT
Although later in that section the following text is added:
The use of IP addresses in URLs SHOULD be avoided whenever possible
(see RFC 1924 [19]).
Some later examples show:
Example:
C->S: DESCRIBE rtsp://server.example.com/fizzle/foo RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 312
Accept: application/sdp, application/rtsl, application/mheg
S->C: RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 312
Date: 23 Jan 1997 15:35:06 GMT
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 376
v=0
o=mhandley 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4
s=SDP Seminar
i=A Seminar on the session description protocol
u=http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.Handley/sdp.03.ps
e=mjh@isi.edu (Mark Handley)
c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127
t=2873397496 2873404696
a=recvonly
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 0
m=video 2232 RTP/AVP 31
m=whiteboard 32416 UDP WB
a=orient:portrait
which implies the use of the "IP4" tag and it should be possible to
use an "IP6" tag. There are also numerous other similar examples
using the "IP4" tag.
RTSP is also dependent on IPv6 support in a protocol capable of
describing media configurations, for example SDP RFC 2327.
RTSP can be used over IPv6 as long as the media description protocol
supports IPv6, but only for certain restricted use cases. For full
functionality there is need for IPv6 support. The amount of updates
needed are small.
5.22 RFC 2327 SDP: Session Description Protocol (SDP)
This specification is under revision, and IPv6 support was added in
RFC 3266 which updates this specification.
5.23 RFC 2380 RSVP over ATM Implementation Requirements
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware.
5.24 RFC 2381 Interoperation of Controlled-Load Service and
Guaranteed Service with ATM
There does not seem any inherent IPv4 limitations in this specification,
but it assumes work of other standards that have IPv4 limitations.
5.25 RFC 2429 RTP Payload Format for the 1998 Version of ITU-T
Rec. H.263 Video (H.263+)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.26 RFC 2431 RTP Payload Format for BT.656 Video Encoding
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.27 RFC 2435 RTP Payload Format for JPEG-compressed Video
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.28 RFC 2474 Definition of the Differentiated Services Field
(DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware.
5.29 RFC 2508 Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed
Serial Links
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware.
5.30 RFC 2581 TCP Congestion Control
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.31 RFC 2597 Assured Forwarding PHB Group
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware.
5.32 RFC 2658 RTP Payload Format for PureVoice(tm) Audio
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.33 RFC 2678 IPPM Metrics for Measuring Connectivity
This specification only supports IPv4.
5.34 RFC 2679 A One-way Delay Metric for IPPM
This specification only supports IPv4.
5.35 RFC 2680 A One-way Packet Loss Metric for IPPM
This specification only supports IPv4.
5.36 RFC 2681 A Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM
This specification only supports IPv4.
5.37 RFC 2730 Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol
(MADCAP)
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.38 RFC 2733 An RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error
Correction
This specification is dependent on SDP which has IPv4 dependencies.
Once that limitation is fixed, then this specification should support
IPv6.
5.39 RFC 2745 RSVP Diagnostic Messages
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.40 RFC 2746 RSVP Operation Over IP Tunnels
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.41 RFC 2750 RSVP Extensions for Policy Control
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.42 RFC 2793 RTP Payload for Text Conversation
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.43 RFC 2814 SBM (Subnet Bandwidth Manager): A Protocol for
RSVP-based Admission Control over IEEE 802-style networks
This specification claims to be both IPv4 and IPv6 aware, but all of
the examples are given with IPv4 addresses. That, by itself is
not a telling point but the following statement is made:
a) LocalDSBMAddrInfo -- current DSBM's IP address (initially,
0.0.0.0) and priority. All IP addresses are assumed to be in
network byte order. In addition, current DSBM's L2 address is
also stored as part of this state information.
which could just be sloppy wording. Perhaps a short document
clarifying the text is appropriate.
5.44 RFC 2815 Integrated Service Mappings on IEEE 802 Networks
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.45 RFC 2833 RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones
and Telephony Signals
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.46 RFC 2848 The PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP
for IP Access to Telephone Call Services
This specification is dependent on SDP which has IPv4 dependencies.
Once these limitations are fixed, then this specification should support
IPv6.
5.47 RFC 2862 RTP Payload Format for Real-Time Pointers
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.48 RFC 2872 Application and Sub Application Identity Policy Element
for Use with RSVP
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.49 RFC 2873 TCP Processing of the IPv4 Precedence Field
This specification documents a technique using IPv4 headers. A similar
technique, if needed, will need to be defined for IPv6.
5.50 RFC 2883 An Extension to the Selective Acknowledgement (SACK)
Option for TCP
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.51 RFC 2907 MADCAP Multicast Scope Nesting State Option
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.52 RFC 2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.53 RFC 2961 RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.54 RFC 2976 The SIP INFO Method
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.55 RFC 2988 Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.56 RFC 2996 Format of the RSVP DCLASS Object
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.57 RFC 2997 Specification of the Null Service Type
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.58 RFC 3003 The audio/mpeg Media Type
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.59 RFC 3006 Integrated Services in the Presence of
Compressible Flows
This document defines a protocol that discusses compressible
flows, but only in an IPv4 context. When IPv6 compressible flows
are defined, a similar technique should also be defined.
5.60 RFC 3016 RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual
Streams
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.61 RFC 3033 The Assignment of the Information Field and Protocol
Identifier in the Q.2941 Generic Identifier and Q.2957
User-to-user Signaling for the Internet Protocol
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.62 RFC 3042 Enhancing TCP's Loss Recovery Using Limited Transmit
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.63 RFC 3047 RTP Payload Format for ITU-T Recommendation G.722.1
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.64 RFC 3057 ISDN Q.921-User Adaptation Layer
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.65 RFC 3095 Robust Header Compression (ROHC): Framework and four
profiles
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
5.66 RFC 3108 Conventions for the use of the Session Description
Protocol (SDP) for ATM Bearer Connections
This specification is currently limited to IPv4 as amplified below:
The range and format of the <rtcpPortNum> and <rtcpIPaddr>
subparameters is per [1]. The <rtcpPortNum> is a decimal number
between 1024 and 65535. It is an odd number. If an even number in
this range is specified, the next odd number is used. The
<rtcpIPaddr> is expressed in the usual dotted decimal IP address
representation, from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
and
<rtcpIPaddr> IP address for receipt Dotted decimal, 7-15 chars
of RTCP packets
5.67 RFC 3119 A More Loss-Tolerant RTP Payload Format for MP3 Audio
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.68 RFC 3124 The Congestion Manager
This document is IPv4 limited since it uses the IPv4 TOS header
field.
5.69 RFC 3140 Per Hop Behavior Identification Codes
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.70 RFC 3173 IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.71 RFC 3181 Signaled Preemption Priority Policy Element
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.72 RFC 3182 Identity Representation for RSVP
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.73 RFC 3246 An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.74 RFC 3261 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.75 RFC 3262 Reliability of Provisional Responses in Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.76 RFC 3263 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.77 RFC 3264 An Offer/Answer Model with Session Description Protocol
(SDP)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.78 RFC 3265 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event
Notification
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.79 RFC 3390 Increasing TCP's Initial Window
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.80 RFC 3525 Gateway Control Protocol Version 1
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
5.81 RFC 3544 IP Header Compression over PPP
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.0 Experimental RFCs
Experimental RFCs typically define protocols that do not have widescale
implementation or usage on the Internet. They are often propriety in
nature or used in limited arenas. They are documented to the Internet
community in order to allow potential interoperability or some other
potential useful scenario. In a few cases they are presented as
alternatives to the mainstream solution to an acknowledged problem.
6.01 RFC 908 Reliable Data Protocol (RDP)
This document is IPv4 limited as stated in the following section:
4.1 IP Header Format
When used in the internet environment, RDP segments are sent
using the version 4 IP header as described in RFC791, "Internet
Protocol." The RDP protocol number is ??? (decimal). The time-
to-live field should be set to a reasonable value for the
network.
All other fields should be set as specified in RFC-791.
A new protocol specification would be needed to support IPv6.
6.02 RFC 938 Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol functional and
interface specification (IRTP)
This specification specification states:
4.1 State Variables
Each IRTP is associated with a single internet address. The
synchronization mechanism of the IRTP depends on the requirement
that each IRTP module knows the internet addresses of all modules
with which it will communicate. For each remote internet address,
an IRTP module must maintain the following information (called the
connection table):
rem_addr (32 bit remote internet address)
A new specification that is IPv6 aware would need to be created.
6.03 RFC 998 NETBLT: A bulk data transfer protocol
This RFC states:
The active end specifies a passive client through a client-specific
"well-known" 16 bit port number on which the passive end listens.
The active end identifies itself through a 32 bit Internet address
and a unique 16 bit port number.
Clearly, this is IPv4 dependent, but could easily be modified to support
IPv6 addressing.
6.04 RFC 1045 VMTP: Versatile Message Transaction Protocol
This specification has many IPv4 dependencies in its implementation
appendices. For operations over IPv6 a similar implementation
procedure must be defined. The IPv4 specific information is
show below.
IV.1. Domain 1
For initial use of VMTP, we define the domain with Domain identifier 1
as follows:
+-----------+----------------+------------------------+
| TypeFlags | Discriminator | Internet Address |
+-----------+----------------+------------------------+
4 bits 28 bits 32 bits
The Internet address is the Internet address of the host on which this
entity-id is originally allocated. The Discriminator is an arbitrary
value that is unique relative to this Internet host address. In
addition, the host must guarantee that this identifier does not get
reused for a long period of time after it becomes invalid. ("Invalid"
means that no VMTP module considers in bound to an entity.) One
technique is to use the lower order bits of a 1 second clock. The clock
need not represent real-time but must never be set back after a crash.
In a simple implementation, using the low order bits of a clock as the
time stamp, the generation of unique identifiers is overall limited to
no more than 1 per second on average. The type flags were described in
Section 3.1.
An entity may migrate between hosts. Thus, an implementation can
heuristically use the embedded Internet address to locate an entity but
should be prepared to maintain a cache of redirects for migrated
entities, plus accept Notify operations indicating that migration has
occurred.
Entity group identifiers in Domain 1 are structured in one of two forms,
depending on whether they are well-known or dynamically allocated
identifiers. A well-known entity identifier is structured as:
+-----------+----------------+------------------------+
| TypeFlags | Discriminator |Internet Host Group Addr|
+-----------+----------------+------------------------+
4 bits 28 bits 32 bits
with the second high-order bit (GRP) set to 1. This form of entity
identifier is mapped to the Internet host group address specified in the
low-order 32 bits. The Discriminator distinguishes group identifiers
using the same Internet host group. Well-known entity group identifiers
should be allocated to correspond to the basic services provided by
hosts that are members of the group, not specifically because that
service is provided by VMTP. For example, the well-known entity group
identifier for the domain name service should contain as its embedded
Internet host group address the host group for Domain Name servers.
A dynamically allocated entity identifier is structured as:
+-----------+----------------+------------------------+
| TypeFlags | Discriminator | Internet Host Addr |
+-----------+----------------+------------------------+
4 bits 28 bits 32 bits
with the second high-order bit (GRP) set to 1. The Internet address in
the low-order 32 bits is a Internet address assigned to the host that
dynamically allocates this entity group identifier. A dynamically
allocated entity group identifier is mapped to Internet host group
address 232.X.X.X where X.X.X are the low-order 24 bits of the
Discriminator subfield of the entity group identifier.
We use the following notation for Domain 1 entity identifiers <10> and
propose it use as a standard convention.
<flags>-<discriminator>-<Internet address>
where <flags> are [X]{BE,LE,RG,UG}[A]
X = reserved
BE = big-endian entity
LE = little-endian entity
RG = restricted group
UG = unrestricted group
A = alias
and <discriminator> is a decimal integer and <Internet address> is in
standard dotted decimal IP address notation.
V.1. Authentication Domain 1
A principal identifier is structured as follows.
+---------------------------+------------------------+
| Internet Address | Local User Identifier |
+---------------------------+------------------------+
32 bits 32 bits
VI. IP Implementation
VMTP is designed to be implemented on the DoD IP Internet Datagram
Protocol (although it may also be implemented as a local network
protocol directly in "raw" network packets.)
The well-known entity identifiers specified to date are:
VMTP_MANAGER_GROUP RG-1-224.0.1.0
Managers for VMTP operations.
VMTP_DEFAULT_BECLIENT BE-1-224.0.1.0
Client entity identifier to use when a (big-endian) host
has not determined or been allocated any client entity
identifiers.
VMTP_DEFAULT_LECLIENT LE-1-224.0.1.0
Client entity identifier to use when a (little-endian)
host has not determined or been allocated any client
entity identifiers.
Note that 224.0.1.0 is the host group address assigned to VMTP and to
which all VMTP hosts belong.
6.05 RFC 1146 TCP alternate checksum options
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.06 RFC 1151 Version 2 of the Reliable Data Protocol (RDP)
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.07 RFC 1644 T/TCP -- TCP Extensions for Transactions Functional
Specification
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.08 RFC 1693 An Extension to TCP : Partial Order Service
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.09 RFC 1791 TCP And UDP Over IPX Networks With Fixed Path MTU
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.10 RFC 2343 RTP Payload Format for Bundled MPEG
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.11 RFC 2582 The NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery
Algorithm
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.12 RFC 2762 Sampling of the Group Membership in RTP
There are no IPv4 dependencies in this specification.
6.13 RFC 2859 A Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker (TSWTCM)
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
6.14 RFC 2861 TCP Congestion Window Validation
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
6.15 RFC 2909 The Multicast Address-Set Claim (MASC) Protocol
This specification is both IPv4 and IPv6 aware and needs no changes.
7.0 Summary of Results
In the initial survey of RFCs 25 positives were identified out of a
total of 104, broken down as follows:
Standards 3 of 5 or 60.00%
Draft Standards 0 of 3 or 0.00%
Proposed Standards 17 of 81 or 20.99%
Experimental RFCs 4 of 15 or 26.67%
Of those identified many require no action because they document
outdated and unused protocols, while others are document protocols
that are actively being updated by the appropriate working groups.
Additionally there are many instances of standards that SHOULD be
updated but do not cause any operational impact if they are not
updated. The remaining instances are documented below.
7.1 Standards
7.1.1 STD 7 Transmission Control Protocol (RFC 793)
Section 3.1 defines the technique for computing the TCP checksum that
uses the 32 bit source and destination IPv4 addresses. This problem is
addressed in RFC 2460 Section 8.1.
7.1.2 STD 19 Netbios over TCP/UDP (RFCs 1001 & 1002)
These two RFCs have many inherent IPv4 assumptions and a new set of
protocols must be defined.
7.1.3 STD 35 ISO Transport over TCP (RFC 1006)
This problem has been fixed in RFC 2126, ISO Transport Service on
top of TCP.
7.2 Draft Standards
There are no draft standards within the scope of this document.
7.3 Proposed Standards
7.3.01 TCP/IP Header Compression over Slow Serial Links (RFC 1144)
This problem has been resolved in RFC2508, Compressing IP/UDP/RTP
Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links. See also RFC 2507 & RFC 2509.
7.3.02 ONC RPC v2 (RFC 1833)
The problems can be resolved with a definition of the NC_INET6
protocol family.
7.3.03 RTSP (RFC 2326)
Problem has been acknowledged by the RTSP developer group and will
be addressed in the move from Proposed to Draft Standard. This
problem is also addressed in RFC 2732, IPv6 Literal Addresses in
URL's.
7.3.04 SDP (RFC 2327)
One problem is addressed in RFC 2732, IPv6 Literal Addresses in
URL's. The other problem can be addressed with a minor textual
clarification. This must be done if the document is to transition
from Proposed to Draft. These problems are solved by documents
currently in Auth48 or IESG discuss.
7.3.05 IPPM Metrics (RFC 2678)
The IPPM WG is working to resolve these issues.
7.3.06 IPPM One Way Delay Metric for IPPM (RFC 2679)
The IPPM WG is working to resolve these issues. An ID is available
(draft-ietf-ippm-owdp-03.txt).
7.3.07 IPPM One Way Packet Loss Metric for IPPM (RFC 2680)
The IPPM WG is working to resolve these issues.
7.3.09 Round Trip Delay Metric for IPPM (RFC 2681)
The IPPM WG is working to resolve these issues.
7.3.08 The PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP for IP
Access to Telephone Call Services(RFC 2848)
This specification is dependent on SDP which has IPv4 dependencies.
Once these limitations are fixed, then this protocol should support
IPv6.
7.3.09 TCP Processing of the IPv4 Precedence Field (RFC 2873)
The problems are not being addressed.
7.3.10 Integrated Services in the Presence of Compressible Flows
(RFC 3006)
This document defines a protocol that discusses compressible
flows, but only in an IPv4 context. When IPv6 compressible flows
are defined, a similar technique should also be defined.
7.3.11 SDP For ATM Bearer Connections (RFC 3108)
The problems are not being addressed, but it is unclear whether
the specification is being used.
7.3.12 The Congestion Manager (RFC 3124)
An update to this document can be simply define the use of the IPv6
Traffic Class field since it is defined to be exactly the same as the
IPv4 TOS field.
7.4 Experimental RFCs
7.4.1 Reliable Data Protocol (RFC 908)
This specification relies on IPv4 and a new protocol standard may be
produced.
7.4.2 Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol functional and
interface specification (RFC 938)
This specification relies on IPv4 and a new protocol standard may be
produced.
7.4.3 NETBLT: A bulk data transfer protocol (RFC 998)
This specification relies on IPv4 and a new protocol standard may be
produced.
7.4.4 VMTP: Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (RFC 1045)
This specification relies on IPv4 and a new protocol standard may be
produced.
7.4.5 OSPF over ATM and Proxy-PAR (RFC 2844)
This specification relies on IPv4 and a new protocol standard may be
produced.
8.0 Security Consideration
This memo examines the IPv6-readiness of specifications; this does not
have security considerations in itself.
9.0 Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Internet
Society in the research and production of this document.
Additionally the author, Philip J. Nesser II, would like to thanks
his partner in all ways, Wendy M. Nesser.
The editor, Andreas Bergstrom, would like to thank Pekka Savola
for guidance and collection of comments for the editing of this
document. He would further like to thank Allison Mankin, Magnus Westerlund and
Colin Perkins for valuable feedback on some points of this document.
10.0 References
10.1 Normative
[1] Philip J. Nesser II, Andreas Bergstrom. "Introduction to the Survey
of IPv4 Addresses in Currently Deployed IETF Standards",
draft-ietf-v6ops-ipv4survey-intro-05.txt IETF work in progress,
November 2003
11.0 Authors' Addresses
Please contact the author with any questions, comments or suggestions
at:
Philip J. Nesser II
Principal
Nesser & Nesser Consulting
13501 100th Ave NE, #5202
Kirkland, WA 98034
Email: phil@nesser.com
Phone: +1 425 481 4303
Fax: +1 425 48
Andreas Bergstrom (Editor)
Ostfold University College
Email: andreas.bergstrom@hiof.no
Address: Rute 503 Buer
N-1766 Halden
Norway
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
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13.0 Full Copyright Statement
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This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
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