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AAA Working Group Qing Liu
INTERNET-DRAFT Yanqun Le
<draft-liu-aaa-diameter-session-mobility- Dan Forsberg
00.txt> Nokia
Expires: August 2003 February 2003
Diameter User Session Mobility Application
Status of this memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
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Abstract
A mobile node will change its access router frequently during a
Diameter session and the relevant AAA parameters may also be
transferred between the access routers. However, the home AAA server
does not know the movement of the mobile node before the mobile node
re-authenticates, and a request from the home AAA server will always
be forwarded to the former realm. Therefore, an efficient way is
needed to forward the request to the new access router.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction....................................................2
1.1 Requirements language.........................................2
1.2 Terminology...................................................3
2. Description of the Protocol......................................4
2.1 General Requirements..........................................4
2.2 Session Mobility Scenarios....................................4
2.2.1 Session update scenarios..................................4
2.2.2 Diameter message redirection scenario.....................9
2.2.3 Race scenario............................................10
2.3 Diameter Nodes Operations....................................10
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2.3.1 AR Operation.............................................10
2.3.2 AAAL Operation...........................................10
2.3.3 AAAL operation in the race scenario......................11
2.4 Advertising Application support..............................12
3. Command-Code Values.............................................12
3.1 Session-Update-Request.......................................12
3.2 Session-Update-Answer........................................13
4. Result-Code AVP Values..........................................14
5. Mandatory AVPs..................................................14
5.1 Anchor-AAA-Server AVP........................................14
5.2 Serving-AAA-Server AVP.......................................14
5.3 Session-Update-Vector AVP....................................14
5.4 Session-Info AVP.............................................14
6. AVP Table.......................................................15
7. IANA Considerations.............................................15
8. Security Considerations.........................................15
9. References......................................................15
10. Acknowledgements...............................................15
11. Author's Addresses.............................................15
12. Intellectual Property Rights...................................16
13. Full Copyright Statement.......................................16
14. Expiration Date................................................16
1. Introduction
When a mobile node (MN) wants to use resource, its access router
(AR) will initiate an authentication and/or authorization request
and set up a Diameter session between the AR and the home AAA server
(AAAH) which will last until session timeout or being stopped by
termination request from the access router. When a MN moves during a
session and also the relevant AAA parameters are transferred between
these ARs [3], the Diameter session SHOULD be updated, because the
AAAH does not know the movement of the MN before the MN re-
authenticates and a request from the AAAH (e.g. Abort-Session-
Request or Re-Auth-Request, etc.) will always be forwarded to the
former realm where the initial auth request is originated.
This Diameter application introduces an anchor AAAL, which will
redirect the request from the home domain to the new AR. Two new
messages (Session-Update-Request and Session-Update-Answer) are
defined for the new AR to update the session information maintained
in the anchor AAAL or the old AAAL. In the meantime, the other
relevant user AAA information will be transferred to the new AAAL.
1.1 Requirements language
In this document, the key words "MAY", "MUST", "MUST NOT",
"optional", "recommended", "SHOULD", and "SHOULD NOT", are to be
interpreted as described in [2].
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1.2 Terminology
This section presents a few terms used throughout the document.
oAR old AR, the old access router, having provided access to the
mobile node previously.
nAR new AR, the new access router, providing access to the mobile
node currently.
aAAAL anchor AAAL, the local AAA server, where the mobile node has
initially established its Diameter session with its home AAA server
before the its handover, and which may re-direct the received AAA
messages from the home domain to the new access router.
oAAAL old AAAL, the local AAA server, having provided AAA service
to the mobile node previously.
nAAAL new AAAL, the local AAA server, providing AAA service to the
mobile node currently.
downstream node The next hop AAA node which the related AAA message
aims to.
session route The logical route between AR and the MN's home
domain AAA server, including all the peer connections within all the
related diameter nodes.
+------+
| AAAH |
+------+
|
...
|
+------+ +------+ +------+
| aAAAL|-----| oAAAL|-----| nAAAL|
+------+ +------+ +------+
| | |
+------+ +------+ +------+
| AR | | oAR | | nAR |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^
|
v
movement +------+
--------> | MN |
+------+
Figure 1: MN handover
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2. Description of the Protocol
2.1 General Requirements
Here are several requirements:
1. Each AR knows its local AAA server by some means.
2. The values of oAAAL and aAAAL should be available for the nAAAL
after handover.
3. The request from the AAAH SHOULD always go through the aAAAL.
4. An AAAL should maintain the downstream node for an active
session, for example, [Session Id, downstream node, Session
timeout]. Any other user AAA information maintained in AAAL can be
transferred to the nAAAL.
2.2 Session Mobility Scenarios
Diameter user session need to updated when MN changes its access
router, and those diameter messages heading for MN's current access
router need to be redirected. Therefore, three scenarios are
proposed.
2.2.1 Session update scenarios
When the MN changed its access router from oAR to nAR, the session
route should be updated immediately after handover.
If the MN changes its AR between two AAALs, upon the arrival of MN's
AAA parameters, the nAR will send Session-Update-Request (SUR)
message through the nAAAL, optionally the oAAAL, to the aAAAL, so
that the downstream node information maintained in the aAAAL can be
updated from the oAAAL to the nAAAL. In the meantime, the other
relevant user AAA information MAY be transferred to the nAAAL by
Session-Update-Answer message. If the MN changes its AR inside one
AAAL, the new AR just sends Session-Update-Request message to the
current AAAL, informing it to update the downstream node information
from the oAR to the nAR.
There are several scenarios where handover between two ARs may
happen:
1) Inside one AAAL, whether it is aAAAL or not
+------+
| AAAH |
+------+
| SessionId: foo
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... Downstream node: nAR
| ...
+------+ +------+
| aAAAL|-----------| nAAAL|
+------+ +------+
| / \
+------+ +------+ +------+
| AR | | oAR | | nAR |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^
|
v
movement +------+
--------> | MN |
+------+
Figure 2: Session Update inside one AAAL
- oAR will release session information after successful handover;
- nAR will send Session-Update-Request (SUR) to the AAAL to update
the downstream node to nAR.
2) From aAAAL (or oAAAL) to nAAAL
+------+ aAAAL
| AAAH | SessionId: foo
+------+ Downstream node:nAAAL
|
... nAAAL
| SessionId: foo
+------+ +------+ +------+Downstream node: nAR
| aAAAL|-----| oAAAL|-----| nAAAL| ...
+------+ +------+ +------+
| | |
+------+ +------+ +------+
| AR | | oAR | | nAR |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^
|
v
movement +------+
--------> | MN |
+------+
Figure 3: Session Update between two AAALs
- oAR will release session information after successful handover;
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- nAR will send SUR with Destination-Host AVP set to oAAAL, Anchor-
AAA-Server AVP set to aAAAL and Serving-AAA-Server AVP set to nAAAL.
The request of the command is used to update the downstream node in
aAAAL and its answer is to transfer the user AAA information from
aAAAL or oAAAL to the nAAAL.
- When SUR passes through nAAAL, the nAAAL will update its
downstream node to the host in Origin-Host AVP, besides forwarding
the message;
- When oAAAL receives SUR, it compares local host with the value of
Anchor-AAA-Server AVP. If they are different, the oAAAL should
replace the Destination-Host AVP value with that of Anchor-AAA-
Server AVP and send the request out;
- When aAAAL receives SUR, it should update the downstream node to
the value of Serving-AAA-Server AVP and send back Session-Update-
Answer message. In addition, if there is user AAA information
maintained in the aAAAL, this information is encoded into a Session-
Info AVP included as part of the SUA message. Once the AAA
information is transferred, AAA server doesnÆt need to maintain it
any longer;
- If, otherwise, the user AAA information is maintained in oAAAL,
the information will be inserted into SUA message as a Session-Info
AVP when the message is forwarded from oAAAL to nAAAL;
- In the path of the SUA, if some AAAL detects that its local host
name equals to the value of Serving-AAA-Server AVP in the message
(i.e. it is nAAAL), it will extract the Session-Info AVP and save
the user AAA information locally.
3) From oAAAL to aAAAL, i.e. MN returns to the original sub-domain
+------+
| AAAH |
+------+ aAAAL
| SessionId: foo
... Downstream node: nAR
| ...
+------+ +------+
| aAAAL|-----------| oAAAL|
+------+ +------+
| |
+------+ +------+
| AR | | oAR |
+------+ +------+
^
|
v
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+------+ movement
| MN | <--------
+------+
Figure 4: MN returns to original sub-domain
- oAR will release session information after successful handover;
- nAR will send SUR with Destination-Host set to oAAAL, Anchor-AAA-
Server set to aAAAL and Serving-AAA-Server set to nAAAL;
- When SUR passes through nAAAL, the nAAAL will update its
downstream node to the Origin-Host besides forwarding the message.
If it discovers it is aAAAL, it must add Session-Update-Vector with
Passed-Anchor-AAAL flag set to one before forwarding, in order to
inform oAAAL that the message has passed aAAAL;
- On receipt of SUR, since Passed-Anchor-AAAL flag is one in the
message, oAAAL encodes the maintained user AAA into a Session-Info
AVP included as part of the Session-Update-Answer message to be sent
back;
- In the path of the SUA, if some AAAL detects that its local host
name equals to the value of Serving-AAA-Server AVP in the message
(i.e. it is nAAAL), it will extract the Session-Info AVP and save
the user AAA information locally.
4) From oAAAL to nAAAL, also aAAAL is in the middle of them. But AR
doesnÆt know the route to oAAAL passes aAAAL, so Destination-Host of
SUR still points to oAAAL
+------+ aAAAL
| AAAH | SessionId: foo
+------+ Downstream node:nAAAL
|
... nAAAL
| SessionId: foo
+------+ +------+ +------+Downstream node: nAR
| oAAAL|-----| aAAAL|-----| nAAAL| ...
+------+ +------+ +------+
| | |
+------+ +------+ +------+
| oAR | | AR | | nAR |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^
|
v
movement +------+
---------------> | MN |
+------+
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Figure 5: Session Update between two AAALs bypass aAAAL
- oAR will release session information after successful handover;
- nAR will send SUR with Destination-Host set to oAAAL, Anchor-AAA-
Server set to aAAAL and Serving-AAA-Server set to nAAAL;
- When SUR passes through nAAAL, the nAAAL will update its
downstream node to the host in the Origin-Host AVP, besides
forwarding the message;
- When SUR passes through aAAAL, the aAAAL discovers that its local
host doesnÆt equal to the value of Serving-AAA-Server, so it will
update its downstream node to the Serving-AAA-Server. Also, it must
add Session-Update-Vector with Passed-Anchor-AAAL flag set to one
before forwarding the message;
- On receipt of SUR, since Passed-Anchor-AAAL flag is one in the
message, oAAAL encodes the maintained user AAA into a Session-Info
AVP included as part of the Session-Update-Answer message to be sent
back;
- In the path of the SUA, if some AAAL detects that its local host
name equals to the value of Serving-AAA-Server AVP in the message
(i.e. it is nAAAL), it will extract the Session-Info AVP and save
the user AAA information locally.
5) MN returns to its home domain
+------+ +------+ +------+
| aAAAL|-----| oAAAL|-----| AAAH |
+------+ +------+ +------+
| | |
+------+ +------+ +------+
| AR | | oAR | | nAR |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^
|
v
movement +------+
--------> | MN |
+------+
Figure 6: MN returns to its home domain
- oAR will release session information after successful handover;
- nAR will send SUR with Destination-Host set to oAAAL, Anchor-AAA-
Server set to aAAAL and Serving-AAA-Server set to nAAAL (i.e. AAAH);
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- When SUR passes through nAAAL, the AAAH will add Session-Update-
Vector AVP with Passed-AAAH flag set to one, in order to inform
aAAAL that the message has passed AAAH;
- When oAAAL receives SUR, it compares local host with the value of
Anchor-AAA-Server AVP. If they are different, the oAAAL should
replace the Destination-Host AVP value with that of Anchor-AAA-
Server AVP and send the request out;
- When aAAAL receives SUR, as the Passed-AAAH flag is one, whether
to transfer the maintained user AAA information is application
specific. After SUA is sent, it will free the relevant information
of the session;
- If the user AAA information is maintained in oAAAL, whether to
transfer the maintained user AAA information is application specific
too;
2.2.2 Diameter message redirection scenario
When a diameter message is heading for the MN's access router, it's
destination host and even destination domain should be updated if
the MN have moved away from its original access router.
There are two scenarios where AR will re-authenticate or terminate
session caused by RAR or ASR from AAAH separately:
1. When MN is still in aAAAL, the request will be forwarded
according to the downstream node value maintained in the AAAL.
2. When MN is in AAAL other than aAAAL
- The request will be forwarded according to the downstream node;
- The user AAA information in aAAAL can be released after Re-Auth-
Answer is forwarded or Abort-Session-Answer with DIAMETER_SUCCESS
Result-Code is forwarded.
- The re-auth or STR should be delivered as that defined in Diameter
base protocol.
If nAR re-initiates auth-request through a new AAAL, it becomes
aAAAL for this extended session. The downstream node in the old
aAAAL will be released by session timeout.
If the session termination is initiated by AR, it should forward STR
to AAAH as that defined in the Diameter base protocol. The user AAA
information in aAAAL, if it is not the current AAAL, will be
released by session timeout.
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If AAAH receives a message from nAAAL that is different from aAAAL,
it will update its pointer from aAAAL to nAAAL.
2.2.3 Race scenario
When a diameter message is heading for the MN's access router, and
the MN's is changing its access router, the diameter message would
be discarded if it reached the oAR when MN had already changed to
the nAR. Therefore, when oAR receives a request (e.g. RAR or ASR)
from AAAL (possibly originally from AAAH) for a session that has
moved to nAR. This happens when SUR message has not yet been
processed. oAR will answer with Result-Code set to
DIAMETER_UNKNOWN_SESSION_ID. Upon receipt of such an answer, oAAAL
will wait for SUR message with the matching Session-Id AVP, and
until then oAAAL will either forward the answer to upstream AAAL or
re-send the request (retrieved from the pending queue) to the new
downstream AR (nAR) or AAAL.
2.3 Diameter Nodes Operations
2.3.1 AR Operation
After successful handover, oAR will release session information and
nAR will send SUR to oAAAL with Destination-Host set to oAAAL. If
oAAAL doesnÆt equal to any of its local AAA servers, the request
message should also include Anchor-AAA-Server AVP with the value of
the transferred aAAAL and Serving-AAA-Server AVP with the value of
the nAAAL.
2.3.2 AAAL Operation
When AAAL receives SUR (Destination-Host equals to local host),
firstly it will check whether SUR includes Anchor-AAA-Server AVP. If
none exists, it means handover is inside the AAAL and then the AAAL
only need to update its downstream node from oAR to nAR. Otherwise,
it compares local host with the value of Anchor-AAA-Server. If they
are different, this AAAL is not aAAAL, and should decide whether to
go on forwarding the SUR by checking the Passed-Anchor-AAAL flag of
Session-Update-Vector AVP. If the flat is one (it means the SUR has
passed aAAAL), the AAAL send back Session-Update-Answer message with
Session-Info AVP including the maintained AAA information;
otherwise, it replaces the Destination-Host value with that of
Anchor-AAA-Server, and continues to send the request. If local host
matches the value of Anchor-AAA-Server AVP, besides updating the
downstream node to the Serving-AAA-Server, it will send back SUA
message, with Session-Info AVP if user AAA information for the
session is still maintained.
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If SUR passes through AAAL (Destination-Host doesnÆt equal to local
host), it compares local host with Serving-AAA-Server and Anchor-
AAA-Server. If local host matches Serving-AAA-Server, the AAAL will
update its downstream node to the value of Origin-Host. If local
host matches Anchor-AAA-Server, it must add Session-Update-Vector
with Passed-Anchor-AAAL flag set to one; in addition, if it doesnÆt
match Serving-AAA-Server, the AAAL will update its downstream node
to the value of Serving-AAA-Server.
If AAAL receives SUA and also maintains the user AAA information of
the session, the generated SUA should include Session-Info AVP with
the user AAA information and be sent back to AR. If SUA passes
through nAAAL, the user AAA information should be exacted from the
message and saved locally.
When AAAL receives RAR or ASR from the home domain of the MN or from
aAAAL, it should continue to forward the message after replacing the
value of Destination-Host AVP with its saved downstream node of this
session. Upon the receipt of the answer for the request, it will
release the maintained AAA information after the answer is sent out.
When session timeout, AAAL should release the downstream node (if
exists).
2.3.3 AAAL operation in the race scenario
If AAAL receives an answer with the Result-Code AVP set to
DIAMETER_UNKNOWN_SESSION_ID from a downstream AR (oAR) or AAAL, it
will wait for SUR message with the matching Session-Id AVP for a
certain period of time, meanwhile holding the answer. After the
matching SUR has been received and neither of the flags of Session-
Update-Vector AVP is set, AAAL will re-send the request to the new
downstream AR (nAR) or AAAL and free the answer, Otherwise it will
forward this answer.
+------+
| AAAH |
+------+
|
...
|
+------+
| aAAAL|
+------+
/ \
+------+ +------+
| oAR | | nAR |
+------+ +------+
^
|
v
movement +------+
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-------->| MN |
+------+
Figure 7: AAAL in race scenario under the same AAAL
+------+
| AAAH |
+------+
|
...
|
+------+ +------+
| aAAAL|-----------| oAAAL|
+------+ +------+
| |
+------+ +------+
| nAR | | oAR |
+------+ +------+
^
|
v
+------+ movement
| MN | <--------
+------+
Figure 8: AAAL in race scenario (returns to aAAAL)
2.4 Advertising Application support
Diameter nodes conforming to this specification MAY advertise
support by including the value of XXXX in the Auth-Application-Id or
the Acct-Application-Id AVP of the Capabilities-Exchange-Request and
Capabilities-Exchange-Answer command [1].
3. Command-Code Values
This section defines Command-Code [1] values that MUST be supported
by all Diameter implementations conforming to this specification.
The following Command Codes are defined in this specification:
Command-Name Abbreviation Code Section
-----------------------------------------------------------
Session-Update-Request SUR TBD 3.1
Session-Update-Answer SUA TBD 3.2
3.1 Session-Update-Request
The Session-Update-Request (SUR), indicated by the Command-Code set
to TBD and the Command Flags' 'R' bit set, is sent by the access
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device or the Diameter Client to inform relevant Diameter Server
that an authenticated and/or authorized session is being updated.
Message Format
<Session-Update-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: TBD, REQ, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Destination-Host}
{ Destination-Realm }
{ Auth-Application-Id }
[ User-Name ]
[ Anchor-AAA-Server ]
[ Serving-AAA-Server ]
[ Session-Update-Vector ]
* [ Class ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
* [ AVP ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ Route-Record ]
3.2 Session-Update-Answer
The Session-Update-Answer (SUA), indicated by the Command-Code set
to TBD and the message flags' 'R' bit clear, is sent by the Diameter
Server to acknowledge the notification that the session has been
updated. The Result-Code AVP MUST be present, and MAY contain an
indication that an error occurred while servicing the SUR.
Message Format
<Session-Update-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: TBD, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Result-Code }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
[ User-Name ]
[ Session-Info]
[ Serving-AAA-Server ]
* [ Class ]
[ Error-Message ]
[ Error-Reporting-Host ]
* [ Failed-AVP ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
* [ Redirect-Host ]
[ Redirect-Host-Usase ]
[ Redirect-Max-Cache-Time ]
* [ AVP ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
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4. Result-Code AVP Values
5. Mandatory AVPs
The following table describes the Diameter AVPs defined in the
Mobile IP application, their AVP Code values, types, possible flag
values and whether the AVP MAY be encrypted.
+---------------------+
| AVP Flag rules |
|----+-----+----+-----|----+
AVP Section | | |SHLD| MUST|MAY |
Attribute Name Code Defined Value Type |MUST| MAY | NOT| NOT|Encr|
----------------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
Anchor-AAA- TBD 5.1 DiamIdent | M | P | | V | Y |
Server | | | | | |
Serving-AAA- TBD 5.2 DiamIdent | M | P | | V | Y |
Server | | | | | |
Session-Info TBD 5.4 Grouped | M | P | | V | Y |
Session-Update- TBD 5.3 Unsigned32 | M | P | | V | Y |
Vector
5.1 Anchor-AAA-Server AVP
The Anchor-AAA-Server AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type DiameterIdentity
and contains the identity of the anchor AAA server (i.e. aAAAL) in
the foreign network.
5.2 Serving-AAA-Server AVP
The Serving-AAA-Server AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type
DiameterIdentity and contains the identity of the serving AAA server
(i.e. nAAAL) in the foreign network.
5.3 Session-Update-Vector AVP
The Session-Update-Vector AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Unsigned32
and is added with flag values set by the aAAAL or AAAH.
Flag values currently defined include:
1 Passed-Anchor-AAAL
2 Passed-AAAH
5.4 Session-Info AVP
The Session-Info AVP (AVP Code TBD) is of type Grouped and contains
the user AAA information (except Session-Id) maintained in the AAAL.
The possible values of this AVP are TBD.
AVP Format
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<Session-Info> ::= < AVP Header: TBD >
1* {AVP}
6. AVP Table
TBD
7. IANA Considerations
8. Security Considerations
TBD.
9. References
[1] P. Calhoun, J. Loughney, E. Guttman, G. Zorn, J. Arkko, "Diame-
ter Base Protocol", draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-17.txt, IETF work
in progress, December 2002.
[2] S. Bradner. "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels". BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[3] D. Forsberg, R. Koodli, C. Perkins, "Context Relocation of AAA
Parameters in IP Networks", draft-forsberg-seamoby-aaa-
relocate-00.doc, work in progress.
[4] P. Calhoun, T. Johansson, C. Perkins, "Diameter Mobile IPv4
Application", draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-13.txt, work in
progress, October 2002.
10. Acknowledgements
11. Author's Addresses
Qing Liu
Nokia Research Center
Nokia House 1, No.11, He Ping Li Dong Jie
Beijing, 100013
P.R.China
E-mail: qing.roger.liu@nokia.com
Yanqun Le
Nokia Research Center
Nokia House 1, No.11, He Ping Li Dong Jie
Beijing, 100013
P.R.China
E-mail: yanqun.le@nokia.com
Dan Forsberg
Nokia Research Center,
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INTERNET-DRAFTdraft-liu-aaa-diameter-session-mobility-00.txtFebruary 2003
P.O. Box 407
FIN-00045 Nokia GroupI
E-mail: dan.forsberg@nokia.com
12. Intellectual Property Rights
The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed
in regard to some or all of the specification contained in this
document. For more information consult the online list of claimed
rights at http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
13. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
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or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
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the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
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14. Expiration Date
This memo is filed as <draft-liu-aaa-diameter-session-mobility-
00.txt> and expires in August 2003.
Liu, Le, Forsberg Expires: August 2003 [Page 16]
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