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INTERNET-DRAFT Doug Wood
<draft-wood-ldapext-float-00.txt> Tivoli Systems Inc
December, 1999
Expires: June 2000
Directory string representation for floating point values
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
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Distribution of this memo is unlimited. It is filed as <draft-
ietf-ldapext-float-00.txt >, and expires on June, 2000.
Please send comments to the authors.
1. Abstract
This draft defines a way that floating point values may be
represented as directory (ASCII) strings such that standard ordering
rules can be used to sort the strings into the correct collating
sequence for their numeric value. The representation is intended
for use in X.500 like directories, and has been developed to support
mapping of the DMTF Common Information Model.
2. Introduction
X.500 directories provide for use definable syntaxes, matching and
ordering rules. This provides for the definition of schema
supporting any type and structure of data. The definition of the
LDAP protocol [RFC 2251] has encouraged the creation new generation
of directories that support the X.500 structure, but donÆt support
some of X.500Æs more heavy weight feature. Among the unsupported
feature are user definable syntaxes. This restricts schema designers
to syntaxes provided by the directory vendor. These typical do not
include a syntax for floating point values.
This draft defines a an ASCII format for floating point values that
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allow them to be stored in attributes with Directory String syntax.
And allows the standard case insensitive ordering rule to sort them
in the correct collating sequence for their numeric value. In
addition, attributes are defined which can be used for values stored
in the format described below, or as superiors for user defined
attributes. The attributes are provided both as a convenience, and
as a method to document the storage format used.
The format is defined specifically to support mapping the DMTF
Common Information Model to directory schema, but also has general
applicability.
3. String format
Because string comparison is positional, it is necessary to define a
fix format for representing the mantissa, and the exponent. Because
the collating sequence for string comparison is left to right, the
most significant portion of the representation must be on the left.
There are four separate cases that must be handled.
o Negative mantissa and positive exponent
o Negative mantissa and negative exponent
o Positive mantissa and negative exponent
o Positive mantissa, and positive exponent
The above list is ordered by the desired collating sequence from
smallest value to largest value. A single representation does not
provide the correct collating sequence for all cases. Therefor it
is necessary to sort by case, and then to sort within each case. To
accomplish this, the cases are number from 1 to 5 as follows:
1. Negative mantissa and positive exponent
2. Negative mantissa and negative exponent
3. Zero
4. Positive mantissa and negative exponent
5. Positive mantissa, and positive exponent
For symmetry, zero is treated as its own case instead of a special
sub-case of case 4.
A 64 bit float has a range of 1.7976931348623158e+308 to
2.2250738585072014e-308[1]. To represent this as a string, three
digits are required for the exponent, and 17 for the mantissa not
including the decimal point. The directory representation is fixed
format, zero padded, blank separated, with the most significant
fields on the left. The first character in the string is the case
number. For readability, it is followed by a blank. Next is a 3
digit exponent, again followed by a blank. Next are a single digit,
a decimal point, and 16 digits of decimal.
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+-+-+---+-+-+-+----------------+
| | |Exp| | | |16 digits |
+-+-+---+-+-+-+----------------+
|c| |nnn| |n|.|nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn|
+-+-+---+-+-+-+----------------+
The way each of the fields is interpreted varies with the case.
The cases are examined in reverse order so the simplest may be
examined first.
3.1 Positive mantissa and positive exponent (case 5)
This is relatively straightforward. The exponent field has the
exponent value expressed as a 3-digit integer string. It is zero
padded to the left if necessary. The mantissa field as a seventeen-
digit decimal string with exactly 1 digit to the left of the decimal
point for a total of 18 characters. It is zero padded to the right
if necessary.
Notes:
- The first digit is a 5 to indicate the case
- There is exactly one digit to the left of the decimal place. It
is always non zero.
- Positions 2 through 4 have the exponent. It is right justified,
and zero padded to the left if it is less than three digits
- Spaces are added to aid human readability
- No signs are required for the exponent or the mantissa because
they are expressed in the case number
3.2 Positive mantissa and negative exponent (case 4)
When the exponent is negative, larger whole number values for the
exponent produce smaller actual values. For this case, a string
comparison of the numeric representation of the exponent yields the
reverse of the desired collating sequence. To flip the collating
sequence, the value of the exponent is added to 999, and the result
stored as the exponent. No sign is stored. The sign of both the
exponent and mantissa are indicated by the case character.
3.3 Zero (case 3)
The case number is sufficient to insure the correct collating
sequence. To insure equality comparisons work correctly, all
remaining digits are zero.
3.4 Negative mantissa and negative exponent (case 2)
When both the exponent and the mantissa are negative, the collating
order for the exponent is correct. A larger exponent yields a
number that is closer to zero and therefor larger. However, the
collating sequence for the mantissa is reversed. To flip the
collating sequence for the mantissa it is added to 10, and the
result stored.
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3.5 Negative mantissa and positive exponent (case 1)
When both the exponent and the mantissa are negative, the collating
sequence is flipped for both of them. This is achieved by adding
the exponent to 999, and the mantissa to 10.
4. Examples
+----------+--------------------------+
| Value | Representation |
+----------+--------------------------+
| 3.25e5 | 5 005 3.2500000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| 8.4e-5 | 4 994 8.4000000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| 8.4e-7 | 4 992 8.4000000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| 7.23e-7 | 4 992 7.2300000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| 0.0e0 | 3 000 0.0000000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| -4.25e-4 | 2 004 5.7500000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| -6.35e-4 | 2 004 3.6500000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| -6.35e-3 | 2 003 3.6500000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| -4.0e104 | 1 895 6.0000000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| -4.0e105 | 1 894 6.0000000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
| -6.0e105 | 1 894 4.0000000000000000 |
+----------+--------------------------+
5. 32 bit vs. 64 bit values
Both 32 and 64 bit floating point values are in common usage. To
allow comparisons between the two, both are stored in the 64-bit
format described above. This implies a greater degree of precision
than is actually available for 32-bit values. The directory mapping
described below provides implicit documentation of the actual
precision of a value.
6. Directory mapping
The intent of the mapping is to simulate a new syntax. The
advantage of this approach is it may be utilized without any changes
to existing directory servers. To foster that illusion, and to aid
in documentation, two new attributes are defined. cimFloat32, and
cimFloat64. All floating-point attributes are derived from one of
these. They are defined as:
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cimFloat32
{
; Need OID assigned
NAME æcimFloat32Æ
DESC '32 bit float encoded as sortable float format'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreeMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15
)
cimFloat64
(
; Need OID assigned
NAME æcimFloat64Æ
DESC 'Æ64 bit float encoded as sortable float formatÆ
EQUALITY caseIgnoreeMatch
ORDERING caseIgnoreOrderingMatch
SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15
)
7. References
[1] From sys/limits.h on AIX 4.3
8. Acknowledgement
This work is a product of the DMTF LDAP Mapping Working Group and
has benefited from many comments and discussions during this groups
meetings.
9. Authors' Addresses
Doug Wood
Tivoli Systems
9025 North River Rd.
Indianapolis, IN 46240-7622
Dawood@Tivoli.com
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