< draft-lee-alto-chinatelecom-trial-00.txt		draft-lee-alto-chinatelecom-trial-01.txt >
	ALTO Kai.Lee		ALTO Kai.Lee
	Internet Draft K.Zhou		Internet-Draft China Telecom
	Intended status: Informational A.Wang		Intended status: Informational GuangYao.Jian
	China Telecom		Expires: April 22, 2011 Xunlei network
	Expires: January 2011 July 5, 2010		October 22, 2010
	ALTO and DECADE service trial within China Telecom		ALTO and DECADE service trial within China Telecom
	draft-lee-alto-chinatelecom-trial-00.txt		draft-lee-alto-chinatelecom-trial-01.txt
	Status of this Memo		Status of this Memo
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	skipping to change at page 1, line 32 ¶		skipping to change at page 1, line 32 ¶
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	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
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	Abstract		Abstract
	This document reports the experience of China Telecom in a recent		This document reports the experience of China Telecom in a recent
	experiment with the ALTO service and P2P caches deployment. It is		experiment with the ALTO service and P2P caches deployment. It is
	found that the deployment of the ALTO service significantly improves		found that the deployment of the ALTO service significantly improves
	the capability of a Service Provider to affect the distribution of		the capability of a Service Provider to affect the distribution of
	P2P traffic. It is also found that a traffic localized ALTO policy		P2P traffic. It is also found that a traffic localized ALTO policy
	may decrease the download speed of a P2P user. However, the		may decrease the download speed of a P2P user. However, the
	deployment of some P2P caches can compensate such influence.		deployment of some P2P caches can compensate such influence.
	Table of Contents		Table of Contents
	1. Introduction ................................................. 2		1. Introduction ................................................. 3
	2. High level description of the trial .......................... 3		2. High level description of the trial .......................... 4
	2.1. Difference between standard ALTO protocol ............... 3		2.1. Difference between standard ALTO protocol ............... 4
	2.2. Difference between Comcast's trial ...................... 4		2.2. Difference with Comcast's trial ......................... 5
	3. Trial results ................................................ 5		3. Trial results ................................................ 6
	3.1. ALTO server policy test ................................. 6		3.1. ALTO server policy test...................................7
	3.2. P2P cache test .......................................... 7		3.2. P2P cache test .......................................... 8
	4. Methods of data collection.................................... 8		4. Methods of data collection.................................... 9
	5. Next steps ................................................... 9		5. Configurations and algorithms in trial ...................... 10
	6. Security Considerations....................................... 9		5.1. Configuration of PID MAP................................ 10
	7. IANA Considerations .......................................... 9		5.2. Algorithms of Xunlei using ALTO information ............ 10
	8. References ................................................... 9		5.3. Configuration of cache system........................... 12
	Author's Addresses ............................................. 10		6. Next steps .................................................. 13
			7. Security Considerations...................................... 14
			8. IANA Considerations ......................................... 14
			9. References .................................................. 14
			Author's Addresses ............................................. 14
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	Although another trial on P4P, the predecessor of the ALTO, is		Although another trial on P4P, the predecessor of the ALTO, is
	available by Comcast, the impact of ALTO on a large scale real		available by Comcast, the impact of ALTO on a large scale real
	network has never publicly reported. Such real network should post		network has never publicly reported. Such real network should post
	no limitation on either the number of contents or the number of		no limitation on either the number of contents or the number of
	users. This draft reports the experience of China Telecom in a		users. This draft reports the experience of China Telecom in a
	recent experiment with the deployment of the ALTO service and P2P		recent experiment with the deployment of the ALTO service and P2P
	caches.		caches.
	With over 60 million fixed-line broadband subscribers, China Telecom		With over 60 million fixed-line broadband subscribers, China
	is the largest broadband service provider in China. It has one IP		Telecom is the largest broadband service provider in China. It has
	backbone network that cover all of the 31 provinces and about 200		one IP backbone network that cover all of the 31 provinces and
	MAN networks managed by the provinces respectively. This trial was		about 200 MAN networks managed by the provinces respectively.
	taken place in one province with 7 million broadband subscribers and		This trial was taken place in one province with 7 million
	about 11 MAN networks.		broadband subscribers and about 11 MAN networks.
	Xunlei, the cooperator of this trial, is a leading P2P service		Xunlei, the cooperator of this trial, is a leading P2P service
	provider in China. Xunlei supports both file downloads and real time		provider in China. Xunlei supports both file downloads and real time
	media streaming. In 2009, when was this trail occurring, it serves		media streaming. In 2009, when was this trail occurring, it serves
	over 20 million users each day.		over 20 million users each day.
	This trial is a joint effort of China Telecom and Xunlei. During		This trial is a joint effort of China Telecom and Xunlei. During
	this trial, China Telecom provided the following devices: an alto		this trial, China Telecom provided the following devices: an alto
	server for distribute ALTO information, some P2P caches to test its		server for distribute ALTO information, some P2P caches to test its
	influence on traffic localization and user experience. China Telecom		influence on traffic localization and user experience. China Telecom
	also monitored the traffic load within its backbone. Xunlei provided		also monitored the traffic load within its backbone. Xunlei provided
	the P2P client and users. To support this trial, Xunlei modified its		the P2P client and users. To support this trial, Xunlei modified its
	platform to support ALTO, and recorded operational information on		platform to support ALTO, and recorded operational information on
	its platform according to the requirement of China Telecom. Note		its platform according to the requirement of China Telecom. Note
	that the client of Xunlei was not changed.		that the client of Xunlei was not changed.
	2. High level description of the trial		2. High level description of the trial
	skipping to change at page 3, line 34 ¶		skipping to change at page 4, line 24 ¶
	Note that ALTO protocol is still on progressing, in this trail, some		Note that ALTO protocol is still on progressing, in this trail, some
	modifications were made to the ALTO.		modifications were made to the ALTO.
	First, a notification mechanism for the ALTO server is introduced.		First, a notification mechanism for the ALTO server is introduced.
	With this mechanism, the ALTO server notifies its clients the		With this mechanism, the ALTO server notifies its clients the
	changes of network maps and cost maps. Thus, ALTO clients can		changes of network maps and cost maps. Thus, ALTO clients can
	respond fast to the change of traffic optimizing policy.		respond fast to the change of traffic optimizing policy.
	One problem that this trail met is to find the effect of ALTO&Cache		One problem that this trail met is to find the effect of ALTO&Cache
	deployment. The traffic within the IP backbone is highly periodical		deployment. The traffic within the IP backbone is highly periodical
	For example, the traffic on each weekend is higher than the workday of		For example, the traffic on each weekend is higher than the workday.
	same week.
	As such, data should be collected in the same workday in different		As such, data should be collected in the same workday in different
	week. This can facilitate the comparison of the effects on p2p		week. This can facilitate the comparison of the effects on p2p
	traffic under different ALTO configuration and different policy, and		traffic under different ALTO configuration and different policy, and
	to evaluate the effect of ALTO service		to evaluate the effect of ALTO service
	In this trail, ALTO clients were just embedded in the trackers of		In this trail, ALTO clients were just embedded in the trackers of
	Xunlei, not in the Xunlei clients. The reason for this is mainly for		Xunlei, not in the Xunlei clients. The reason for this is mainly for
	deployment consideraton. There are hundreds of millions of Xunlei		deployment consideraton. There are hundreds of millions of Xunlei
	clients in use, To update these clients as the ALTO client in a		clients in use, To update these clients as the ALTO client in a
	skipping to change at page 5, line 13 ¶		skipping to change at page 6, line 8 ¶
	b) To lessen the alto server load.		b) To lessen the alto server load.
	c) Above 85% of Xunlei traffic flow is controlled by Xunlei		c) Above 85% of Xunlei traffic flow is controlled by Xunlei
	tracker, the traffic flow from DHT mechanism is less than 15%.		tracker, the traffic flow from DHT mechanism is less than 15%.
	An alto server dedicated for Xunlei tracker can control		An alto server dedicated for Xunlei tracker can control
	majority of Xunlei traffic flow.		majority of Xunlei traffic flow.
	3. Trial results		3. Trial results
	This trial used all Xunlei p2p client in the province and all		This trial used all Xunlei p2p client in the province and all
	contents that are requested or served by Xunlei P2P client in the		contents that are requested or served by Xunlei P2P client in the
	province. The trial environment is more realistic than comcast's. A		province. The trial environment is more realistic than comcast's. A
	primary objective of this trial is to measure the effects of traffic		primary objective of this trial is to measure the effects of traffic
	localization and change of users download speed in comparison to		localization and change of users download speed in comparison to normal
	normal p2p activity.		p2p activity.
			The test process is divided into two parts: first part is just
	The test process is divided into two parts: first part is just		applied the ALTO server to measure the effects of traffic localization
	applied the ALTO server to measure the effects of traffic		and change of P2P user experience. The second part is to introduce the
	localization and change of P2P user experience. The second part is		P2P cache to the trial, to measure the improvement of user download
	to introduce the P2P cache to the trial, to measure the improvement		speed, the bandwidth consumption and their relationship with the scale
	of user download speed, the bandwidth consumption and their		of cache and.
	relationship with the scale of cache and.
	Our trial starts at 2009.6.12 and ends at 2009.10.18, lasting nearly		Our trial starts at 2009.6.12 and ends at 2009.10.18, lasting nearly
	four months. We do this trial by applying different ALTO policy to		four months. We do this trial by applying different ALTO policy to
	Xunlei tracker. There are two kinds of ALTO policy: One is optimized		Xunlei tracker. There are two kinds of ALTO policy: One is optimized
	policy and the other is normal policy. The optimized policy will try		policy and the other is normal policy. The optimized policy will try to
	to localize the traffic as much as possible by utilizing the		localize the traffic as much as possible by utilizing the information
	information from ALTO server. The normal policy will just use the		from ALTO server. The normal policy will just use the original Xunlei
	original Xunlei peer selection and traffic control rules and no alto		peer selection and traffic control rules and no alto policy are
	policy are involved. We usually change the alto policy in midnight		involved. We usually change the alto policy in midnight of a day and
	of a day and send a notification to Xunlei tracker with notification		send a notification to Xunlei tracker with notification
	mechanism.(http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-sun-alto-notification-		mechanism.(http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-sun-alto-notification-02.txt)
	02.txt)
	Before we do the trial , we collect the information about Xunlei'S		Before we do the trial , we collect the information about Xunlei'S
	peer and traffic distribution		peer and traffic distribution
	+------------------------------------------+--------------------+		+------------------------------------------+--------------------+
	| No |Data Item |Description |The way of |		| No |Data Item |Description |The way of |
	| | | |collection |		| | | |collection |
	+----+---------- -+------------------------+--------------------+		+----+---------- -+------------------------+--------------------+
	| 1 |Peer |24.6% is within |Random sampling by |		| 1 |Peer |24.6% is within |Random sampling by |
	| |distribution|the province,75.4% |Xunlei tracker 24 |		| |distribution|the province,75.4% |Xunlei tracker 24 |
	| | |is out of the |times one day |		| | |is out of the |times one day |
	| | |province | |		| | |province | |
	+----+------------+------------------------+--------------------+		+----+------------+------------------------+--------------------+
	| |Traffic |76.9% is |Random selecting |		| |Traffic |76.9% is |Random selecting |
	skipping to change at page 9, line 19 ¶		skipping to change at page 10, line 16 ¶
	b) Xunlei traffic flow detected by DPI system. The DPI system		b) Xunlei traffic flow detected by DPI system. The DPI system
	just monitored the uplink of the province to China telecom's		just monitored the uplink of the province to China telecom's
	backbone.		backbone.
	2. Information from Xunlei		2. Information from Xunlei
	a) Inter-province/intra-province traffic flow.		a) Inter-province/intra-province traffic flow.
	b) User average download speed.		b) User average download speed.
	5. Next steps		5. Configurations and algorithms in trial
			5.1. Configuration of PID MAP
			a) PID Map: We define 11 PIDs
			PID1-PID11 represent the 11 MANs of the trial network
			PID12 represents rest of the Internet
			b) Cost Map:
			Bidirectional cost between any PIDs from PID1 to PID11 has the
			same value 1
			Bidirectional cost between PID12 and PIDi (1<=i<=11) has the
			same value 2
			5.2. Algorithms of Xunlei using ALTO information
			Xunlei is a hybrid application utilizing both trackers and DHT,
			About 85% of Xunlei traffic controlled by Xunlei trackers. In this
			trail ALTO clients just include the xunlei trackers not include the
			xunlei client. Just the traffic controlled by xunlei tracker has
			been affected.
			Before the trial Xunlei tracker peer selection algorithm is:
			Xunlei Peer selection algorithm depends on two properties: ISP ID
			and UC (upload capability), the peer selection priority is :
			Same ISP ID > different ISP ID
			Higher UC > lower UC
			The peers with same ISP ID with the requesting peer have higher
			priority than those with different ISP ID. If peers have same ISP ID
			then the peers with higher UC have higher priority than those with
			lower UC.
			After applying the ALTO information into the xunlei peer selection
			algorithm. Xunlei changed his Peers select mechanism. All xunlei
			peers are organized in a tree structure which is indexed by
			CID(content ID), in the second level ALTO_ISP and normal_ISP
			represent the network of ISP with and without alto information. In
			this trial 11 MANs in trial province became 11 ALTO_ISPs.The third
			level is defined by different upload capability(UC) of peers. The
			fourth level of normal_ISP branch is the different
			provinces(PRO1,PRO2) of ISP, the fifth level of the normal_ISP is
			different city of ISP.
			+-------------------+
			| CID |
			+-------------------+
			/ \
			+----------+ +----------+
			|NORMAL_ISP| | ALTO_ISP |
			+----------+ +----------+
			/ | \ / | \
			UC_BIG UC_MID UC_SMALL UC_BIG UC_MID UC_SMALL
			/ | | \
			PRO1 PRO2 PEER1 PEER2
			/ |
			CITY1 CITY2
			| \
			PEER1 PEER2
			The algorithms of cost between origination peer(peer_o) and
			destination peer(peer_d) is :
			If (peer_o and peer_d both from ALTO_ISP)
			If (peer_o and peer_d in the same ALTO_ISP) then cost = 0;
			Else cost = 100000;
			Else if (peer_o from ALTO_ISP and peer_d from normal_ISP) cost =
			100000;
			Else if (peer_o from normal_ISP and peer_d from ALTO_ISP) cost =
			1000;
			Else if (peer_o and peer_d both from normal_ISP){
			If (peer_o and peer_d from different normal_ISP) cost =1000;
			Else if (peer_o and peer_d from different province) cost = 100;
			Else if (peer_o and peer_d from different city) cost = 10;
			Else cost =0;
			}
			The peer select mechanism is lower cost peers will have higher
			priority
			The updated peer selection mechanism is not the best mechanism. For
			example a peer in MAN2 is supposed to be better choice than the
			peers which not located in china telecom's network when a peer in
			MAN1 send a content request to tracker. But this mechanism will
			select the peer out of china telecom's network first then select the
			peer in the MAN2. Before we defined the network map with 12 PIDs. We
			first defined a network map with just 2 PIDs. PID1 represent the
			trial province and PID2 represent the other network to test the
			backbone traffic saving effect of ALTO service. The test result show
			that the network map with 12PIDs has almost same backbone traffic
			saving effect compared to the network map with 2 PIDs. So in the
			trial we deployed this mechanism.
			The other change is the number of returned peers from xunlei
			tracker . If a listing request is from the trial province, the
			maximum # of returned peers from xunlei tracker is set to 120, not
			the normal case of 500.
			5.3. Configuration of cache system
			Before we deploy the cache system we have made some statistics about
			relationship of content popularity and network traffic caused by
			content with different popularity in trial province.
			+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
			|content | total |total | proportion |
			| popularity| size(GB)|traffic | of total |
			| | |(Gbps) |traffic(%) |
			+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
			| top 10 | 18.9 | 1.34 | 9.3 |
			| top 20 | 29.3 | 1.68 | 11.7 |
			| top 50 | 51.8 | 2.28 | 15.9 |
			| top 100 | 93.6 | 2.89 | 20.1 |
			| top 500 | 418.7 | 4.74 | 33 |
			| top 1000 | 812.4 | 5.88 | 40.9 |
			| top 2000 | 1518.6 | 7.16 | 49.8 |
			| top 5000 | 3551 | 8.89 | 61.9 |
			+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
			Our cache system has limited storage and access bandwidth so we need
			to know which content is most "valuable" to be cached. According the
			statistics from xunlei if a downloading task is fed over 100 peers ,
			this task always can get the maximum download speed(this speed
			depends on the peer's access network, in the trial the average
			access speed of user is about 2Mbps). The top 2000
			popular content almost all have over 100 seeds in trial province.
			That means the top 2000 popular contents don't need be cached. Our
			cache policy is just cache the content which's popularity rank
			behind 2000.
			6. Next steps
	The alto mechanism is very effective to optimize the traffic flow.		The alto mechanism is very effective to optimize the traffic flow.
	But when the traffic is localized, the user average download speed		But when the traffic is localized, the user average download speed
	is slowed down simultaneously. If alto can cooperate with DECADE		is slowed down simultaneously. If alto can cooperate with p2p cache
	or other service performance enhancement mechanism, it will be more		or other service performance enhancement mechanism, it will be more
	practical.		practical.
			The ALTO service's effect depends on the SP such as Xunlei,pando how
			to use it. The mechanism such as peer selection mechanism and
			content cache mechanism need to be studied.
	6. Security Considerations		7. Security Considerations
	High-level security considerations can be found in the [draft-ietf-		High-level security considerations can be found in the [draft-ietf-
	alto-problem-statement].		alto-problem-statement].
	7. IANA Considerations		8. IANA Considerations
	This document requests the registration of a new media type:		This document requests the registration of a new media type:
	"application/alto"		"application/alto"
	8. References		9. References
	[RFC 5693]		[RFC 5693]
	Seedorf, J. and E. Burger, "Application-Layer Traffic		Seedorf, J. and E. Burger, "Application-Layer Traffic
	Optimization (ALTO) Problem Statement", RFC 5693,		Optimization (ALTO) Problem Statement", RFC 5693,
	October 2009.		October 2009.
	[I-D.ietf-alto-reqs]		[I-D.ietf-alto-reqs]
	Kiesel, S., Popkin, L., Previdi, S., Woundy, R., and Y.		Kiesel, S., Popkin, L., Previdi, S., Woundy, R., and Y.
	Yang, "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)		Yang, "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
	Requirements", draft-ietf-alto-reqs-01 (work in		Requirements", draft-ietf-alto-reqs-01 (work in
	progress),July 2009.		progress),July 2009.
	[I-D.penno-alto-protocol]		[I-D.penno-alto-protocol]
	Penno, R. and Y. Yang, "ALTO Protocol",		Penno, R. and Y. Yang, "ALTO Protocol",
	draft-ietf-alto-protocol-01 (work in progress),		draft-ietf-alto-protocol-01 (work in progress),
	July 2009.		July 2009.
	[I-D.song-decade-survey]
	R. Alimi and Z. Lu, "A Survey of In-network Storage Systems"
	draft-song-decade-survey-02(work in progress),
	December , 2009
	Author's Addresses		Author's Addresses
	Kai Lee		Kai Lee
	China Telecom Beijing Research Institute		China Telecom Beijing Research Institute
	Room 708 No.118, Xizhimenneidajie, xicheng District		Email: leekai@ctbri.com.cn
	Beijing 100035
	China
	Email: leekai@ctbri.com.cn
	Aijun Wang
	China Telecom Beijing Research Institute
	Room 708 No.118, Xizhimenneidajie, xicheng District
	Beijing 100035
	China
	Email: wangaj@ctbri.com.cn
	Kaiyu Zhou		GuangYao Jian
	China Telecom Beijing Research Institute		Xunlei Network
	Room 708 No.118, Xizhimenneidajie, xicheng District		Email: jianguangyao@xunlei.com
	Beijing 100035
	China
	Email: zhouky@ctbri.com.cn
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