draft-ietf-cdni-request-routing-extensions-00.txt   draft-ietf-cdni-request-routing-extensions-01.txt 
Network Working Group O. Finkelman Network Working Group O. Finkelman
Internet-Draft Qwilt Internet-Draft Qwilt
Intended status: Standards Track S. Mishra Intended status: Standards Track S. Mishra
Expires: April 20, 2019 Verizon Expires: August 7, 2019 Verizon
October 17, 2018 February 3, 2019
CDNI Request Routing Extensions CDNI Request Routing Extensions
draft-ietf-cdni-request-routing-extensions-00 draft-ietf-cdni-request-routing-extensions-01
Abstract Abstract
The Open Caching working group of the Streaming Video Alliance is The Open Caching working group of the Streaming Video Alliance is
focused on the delegation of video delivery requests from commercial focused on the delegation of video delivery requests from commercial
CDNs to a caching layer at the ISP. In that aspect, Open Caching is CDNs to a caching layer at the ISP. In that aspect, Open Caching is
a specific use case of CDNI, where the commercial CDN is the upstream a specific use case of CDNI, where the commercial CDN is the upstream
CDN (uCDN) and the ISP caching layer is the downstream CDN (dCDN). CDN (uCDN) and the ISP caching layer is the downstream CDN (dCDN).
The extensions specified in this document to the CDNI Metadata and The extensions specified in this document to the CDNI Metadata and
FCI interfaces are derived from requirements raised by Open Caching FCI interfaces are derived from requirements raised by Open Caching
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on April 20, 2019. This Internet-Draft will expire on August 7, 2019.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
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1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Redirect Target Address Capability Object . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Redirect Target Address Capability Object . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. DnsTarget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1. DnsTarget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2. HttpTarget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2. HttpTarget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Fallback Target Address Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Fallback Target Address Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1. CDNI Payload Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1. CDNI Payload Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.1. CDNI FCI RedirectTarget Payload Type . . . . . . . . 9 4.1.1. CDNI FCI RedirectTarget Payload Type . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.2. CDNI MI FallbackTarget Payload Type . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1.2. CDNI MI FallbackTarget Payload Type . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
This document defines objects needed for Open Caching request This document defines objects needed for Open Caching request
routing. For that purpose it extends CDNI metadata [RFC8006] and routing. For that purpose it extends CDNI metadata [RFC8006] and
CDNI Footprint and Capabilities [RFC8008]. For consistency, this CDNI Footprint and Capabilities [RFC8008]. For consistency, this
document follows the CDNI notation of uCDN (the commercial CDN) and document follows the CDNI notation of uCDN (the commercial CDN) and
dCDN (the ISP caching layer). dCDN (the ISP caching layer).
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The Redirect Target capability object is used to indicate the target The Redirect Target capability object is used to indicate the target
address the uCDN should use in order to redirect a client to the address the uCDN should use in order to redirect a client to the
dCDN. A target may be attached to a specific uCDN host, a list of dCDN. A target may be attached to a specific uCDN host, a list of
uCDN hosts, or it can be set globally for all the hosts of the uCDN. uCDN hosts, or it can be set globally for all the hosts of the uCDN.
When dCDN is attaching the redirect target to a specific uCDN host or When dCDN is attaching the redirect target to a specific uCDN host or
a list of uCDN hosts, the dCDN MUST advertise the hosts within the a list of uCDN hosts, the dCDN MUST advertise the hosts within the
Redirect Target Capability object as "redirecting-hosts". In that Redirect Target Capability object as "redirecting-hosts". In that
case, the uCDN can redirect to that dCDN address, only if the request case, the uCDN can redirect to that dCDN address, only if the request
is of one of these uCDN hosts. was directed to one of these uCDN hosts.
A redirect target for DNS redirection is the FQDN to be used as a A redirect target for DNS redirection is an IP address used as an A
CNAME for the uCDN host (see [RFC1034]). record response or a FQDN used as an alias in a CNAME record response
(see [RFC1034]) of the uCDN DNS router. Note that DNS routers take
routing decisions based on either the DNS resolver's IP address or
the client IP address when EDNS0 client-subnet is used (see
[RFC7871]). The dCDN may choose to advertise redirect targets and
footprints to cover both cases. A uCDN DNS router implemenation
SHOULD prefer routing based on client IP address when it is
available.
A redirect target for HTTP redirection is the hostname to be used as A redirect target for HTTP redirection is the URI to be used as a
the first path segment in an absolute URI which is used as the value of the Location header of a HTTP redirect 3xx response,
Location header of the HTTP rediret response (see section 7.1.2 of typically a 302 (Found) (see section 7.1.2 of [RFC7231] and section
[RFC7231]). 6.4 of [RFC7231]).
Property: redirecting-hosts Property: redirecting-hosts
Description: One or more uCDN hosts to which this redirect Description: One or more uCDN hosts to which this redirect
target is attached. A redirecting host SHOULD be a host that target is attached. A redirecting host SHOULD be a host that
was published in a HostMatch object by the uCDN as defined in was published in a HostMatch object by the uCDN as defined in
section 4.1.2 of [RFC8006]. section 4.1.2 of [RFC8006].
Type: A list of Endpoint objects (see section 4.3.3 of Type: A list of Endpoint objects (see section 4.3.3 of
[RFC8006]) [RFC8006])
Mandatory-to-Specify: No. If not present, or empty, the Mandatory-to-Specify: No. If not present, or empty, the
redirect target applies to all hosts of the redirecting uCDN. redirect target applies to all hosts of the redirecting uCDN.
Property: dns-target Property: dns-target
Description: Target address for DNS CNAME delegation. Description: Target address for DNS A record or CNAME record.
Type: DnsTarget object (see Section 2.1) Type: DnsTarget object (see Section 2.1)
Mandatory-to-Specify: No. but at least one of "dns-target" or Mandatory-to-Specify: No. but at least one of "dns-target" or
"http-target" MUST be present and non empty. "http-target" MUST be present and non empty.
Property: http-target Property: http-target
Description: Target URI for HTTP redirect.
Description: Target URL for HTTP redirect.
Type: HttpTarget object (see Section 2.2) Type: HttpTarget object (see Section 2.2)
Mandatory-to-Specify: No. but at least one of "dns-target" or Mandatory-to-Specify: No. but at least one of "dns-target" or
"http-target" MUST be present and non empty. "http-target" MUST be present and non empty.
Example of Redirect Target Capability object that advertises a dCDN Example of Redirect Target Capability object that advertises a dCDN
target address that is attached to a specific list of uCDN target address that is attached to a specific list of uCDN
"redirecting-hosts". A uCDN host that is included in that list can "redirecting-hosts". A uCDN host that is included in that list can
redirect to the advertised dCDN redirect target. redirect to the advertised dCDN redirect target.
{
"capabilities": [
{ {
"capabilities": [ "capability-type": "FCI.RedirectTarget",
{ "capability-value": {
"capability-type": "FCI.RedirectTarget", "redirecting-hosts": [
"capability-value": { "a.service123.ucdn.example.com",
"redirecting-hosts": [ "b.service123.ucdn.example.com"
"a.service123.ucdn.example.com", ]
"b.service123.ucdn.example.com" "dns-target": {
] "host": "service123.ucdn.example.dcdn.com"
"dns-target": { }
"host": "service123.ucdn.example.dcdn.com" "http-target": {
} <Properties of an HttpTarget object>
"http-target": { }
<Properties of an HttpTarget object> },
} "footprints": [
}, <Footprint objects>
"footprints": [ ]
<Footprint objects>
]
}
]
} }
]
}
2.1. DnsTarget 2.1. DnsTarget
The DnsTarget object is the target address for CNAME delegation from The DnsTarget object gives the instructions to construct the target
the uCDN to the dCDN. address for the DNS response for delegation from the uCDN to the
dCDN.
Property: host Property: host
Description: The host property is a hostname, without a port Description: The host property is a hostname or an IP address,
number. without a port number.
Type: Endpoint object as defined in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006] Type: Endpoint object as defined in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006]
with the limitation that it MUST only be a hostname, and it with the limitation that it MUST NOT include a port number.
MUST NOT include a port number.
Mandatory-to-Specify: Yes. Mandatory-to-Specify: Yes.
Example of DnsTarget object: Example of DnsTarget object:
{ {
"host": "service123.ucdn.example.dcdn.com" "host": "service123.ucdn.example.dcdn.com"
} }
Example of a DNS query for uCDN address Example of a DNS query for uCDN address
"a.service123.ucdn.example.com" and the corresponding CNAME "a.service123.ucdn.example.com" and the corresponding CNAME
redirection response: redirection response:
Query: Query:
a.service123.ucdn.example.com: a.service123.ucdn.example.com:
type A, class IN type A, class IN
Response: Response:
a.service123.ucdn.example.com: a.service123.ucdn.example.com:
type CNAME, class IN, cname service123.ucdn.example.dcdn.com type CNAME, class IN, cname service123.ucdn.example.dcdn.com
2.2. HttpTarget 2.2. HttpTarget
The HttpTarget object is the target address for http redirection from The HttpTarget object gives the instructions to construct the target
the uCDN to the dCDN. Location URI for http redirection from the uCDN to the dCDN.
Property: host Property: host
Description: Hostname or IP address and optional port, i.e., Description: Hostname or IP address and an optional port, i.e.,
the host and port as described in section 3.2 of [RFC3986]. the host and port of the authority component of the URI as
described in section 3.2 of [RFC3986].
Type: Endpoint object as defined in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006]. Type: Endpoint object as defined in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006].
Mandatory-to-Specify: Yes. Mandatory-to-Specify: Yes.
Property: path-prefix Property: path-prefix
Description: A path prefix for the HTTP redirect. The original Description: A path prefix for the HTTP redirect Location
path is appended after this prefix. header. The original path is appended after this prefix.
Type: A prefix of a path-absolute as defined in section 3.3 of Type: A prefix of a path-absolute as defined in section 3.3 of
[RFC3986]. The prefix MUST end with a trailing slash, to [RFC3986]. The prefix MUST end with a trailing slash, to
indicate the end of the last path segment in the prefix. indicate the end of the last path segment in the prefix.
Mandatory-to-Specify: No. If this property is absent or empty, Mandatory-to-Specify: No. If this property is absent or empty,
the uCDN MUST NOT prepend a path prefix to the original content the uCDN MUST NOT prepend a path prefix to the original content
path. path, i.e. the original path MUST appear in the location URI
right after the authority component.
Property: include-redirecting-host Property: include-redirecting-host
Description: A flag indicating whether or not to include the Description: A flag indicating whether or not to include the
redirecting host as the first path segment after the path- redirecting host as the first path segment after the path-
prefix. In case this flag is true and a "path-prefix" is used, prefix. In case this flag is true and a "path-prefix" is used,
the uCDN redirecting host MUST be added as a separate path the uCDN redirecting host MUST be added as a separate path
segment after the path-prefix and before the original URL path. segment after the path-prefix and before the original URL path.
In case this flag is true and there is no path-prefix, the uCDN In case this flag is true and there is no path-prefix, the uCDN
redirecting host MUST be perpended as the first path segment in redirecting host MUST be prepended as the first path segment in
the redirect URL. the redirect URL.
Type: Boolean. Type: Boolean.
Mandatory-to-Specify: No. Default value is False. Mandatory-to-Specify: No. Default value is False.
Example of HttpTarget object with a path-prefix and include- Example of HttpTarget object with a path-prefix and include-
redirecting-host: redirecting-host:
{ {
"host": "us-east1.dcdn.com", "host": "us-east1.dcdn.com",
"path-prefix": "/cache/1/", "path-prefix": "/cache/1/",
"include-redirecting-host": true "include-redirecting-host": true
} }
Example of a HTTP request for content at uCDN host Example of a HTTP request for content at uCDN host
"a.service123.ucdn.example.com" and the corresponding HTTP response "a.service123.ucdn.example.com" and the corresponding HTTP response
with Location header used for redirecting the client to the dCDN with Location header used for redirecting the client to the dCDN
using the the http-target in the above example: using the the http-target in the above example:
Request: Request:
GET /vod/1/movie.mp4 HTTP/1.1 GET /vod/1/movie.mp4 HTTP/1.1
Host: a.service123.ucdn.example.com Host: a.service123.ucdn.example.com
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3. Fallback Target Address Metadata 3. Fallback Target Address Metadata
Open Caching requires that the uCDN should provide fallback target Open Caching requires that the uCDN should provide fallback target
server to the dCDN to be used in cases where the dCDN cannot properly server to the dCDN to be used in cases where the dCDN cannot properly
handle the request. To avoid redirect loops, the fallback target handle the request. To avoid redirect loops, the fallback target
server's address at the uCDN MUST be differnet than the original server's address at the uCDN MUST be differnet than the original
address at the uCDN from which the client was redirected to the dCDN. address at the uCDN from which the client was redirected to the dCDN.
The uCDN MUST avoid further redirection when receiving the client The uCDN MUST avoid further redirection when receiving the client
request at the fallback target. The fallback target is defined as a request at the fallback target. The fallback target is defined as a
generic metadata object (see section 3.2 of [RFC8006]) generic metadata object (see section 3.2 of [RFC8006])
Use cases Use cases
o Failover: A dCDN request router receives a request but has no o Failover: A dCDN request router receives a request but has no
caches to which it can route the request. This can happen in the caches to which it can route the request. This can happen in the
case of failures or temporary network overload. In these cases, case of failures or temporary network overload.
the router may choose to redirect the request back to the uCDN
fallback address. o No coverage: A dCDN request router receives a request from a
client located in an area inside the footprint but not covered by
the dCDN caches, or a client located outside the dCDN footprint
coverage. In such cases, the router may choose to redirect the
request back to the uCDN fallback address.
o Error: A cache may receive a request that it cannot properly o Error: A cache may receive a request that it cannot properly
serve, for example, some of the metadata objects for that service serve, for example, some of the metadata objects for that service
were not properly acquired. In this case, the cache may resolve were not properly acquired. In this case, the cache may resolve
to redirect back to uCDN. to redirect back to uCDN.
The Fallback target metadata object is used to indicate the target The Fallback target metadata object is used to indicate the target
address the dCDN should use in order to redirect a client back to the address the dCDN should use in order to redirect a client back to the
uCDN. Fallback target is represented as endpoint objects as defined uCDN. Fallback target is represented as endpoint objects as defined
in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006]. in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006].
The uCDN fallback target address may be used as a DNS CNAME in case The uCDN fallback target address may be used as a DNS A record or
of DNS redirection mode or a host name for HTTP redirect. CNAME record in case of DNS redirection mode or a host name for HTTP
redirect.
When using HTTP redirect to route a client request back to the uCDN, When using HTTP redirect to route a client request back to the uCDN,
it is the dCDN's responsibility to use the original URL path as the it is the dCDN's responsibility to use the original URL path as the
client would have used for the original uCDN request, stripping, if client would have used for the original uCDN request, stripping, if
needed, the dCDN path-prefix and the uCDN host name from the redirect needed, the dCDN path-prefix and the uCDN host name from the redirect
URL that may have been used to request the content from the dCDN. URL that may have been used to request the content from the dCDN.
Property: host Property: host
Description: Target address to which the dCDN can redirect the Description: Target address to which the dCDN can redirect the
client. client.
Type: Endpoint object as defined in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006] Type: Endpoint object as defined in section 4.3.3 of [RFC8006]
with the limitation that in case of DNS delegation, it MUST with the limitation that in case of DNS delegation, it MUST NOT
only be a hostname, and it MUST NOT include a port number. include a port number.
Mandatory-to-Specify: Yes. Mandatory-to-Specify: Yes.
Example of a MI.FallbackTarget Metadata object that designates the Example of a MI.FallbackTarget Metadata object that designates the
host address the dCDN should use as fallback address to redirect back host address the dCDN should use as fallback address to redirect back
to the uCDN. to the uCDN.
{ {
"generic-metadata-type": "MI.FallbackTarget", "generic-metadata-type": "MI.FallbackTarget",
"generic-metadata-value": "generic-metadata-value":
{ {
"host": "fallback-a.service123.ucdn.example" "host": "fallback-a.service123.ucdn.example"
} }
} }
4. IANA Considerations 4. IANA Considerations
4.1. CDNI Payload Types 4.1. CDNI Payload Types
This document requests the registration of the following CDNI Payload This document requests the registration of the following CDNI Payload
Types under the IANA CDNI Payload Type registry defined in [RFC7736]: Types under the IANA CDNI Payload Type registry defined in [RFC7736]:
+--------------------+---------------+ +--------------------+---------------+
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[RFC7336] Peterson, L., Davie, B., and R. van Brandenburg, Ed., [RFC7336] Peterson, L., Davie, B., and R. van Brandenburg, Ed.,
"Framework for Content Distribution Network "Framework for Content Distribution Network
Interconnection (CDNI)", RFC 7336, DOI 10.17487/RFC7336, Interconnection (CDNI)", RFC 7336, DOI 10.17487/RFC7336,
August 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7336>. August 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7336>.
[RFC7736] Ma, K., "Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI) [RFC7736] Ma, K., "Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI)
Media Type Registration", RFC 7736, DOI 10.17487/RFC7736, Media Type Registration", RFC 7736, DOI 10.17487/RFC7736,
December 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7736>. December 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7736>.
[RFC7871] Contavalli, C., van der Gaast, W., Lawrence, D., and W.
Kumari, "Client Subnet in DNS Queries", RFC 7871,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7871, May 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7871>.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Ori Finkelman Ori Finkelman
Qwilt Qwilt
6, Ha'harash 6, Ha'harash
Hod HaSharon 4524079 Hod HaSharon 4524079
Israel Israel
Phone: +972-72-2221647 Phone: +972-72-2221647
Email: orif@qwilt.com Email: orif@qwilt.com
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