--- 1/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc6195bis-01.txt 2012-06-11 03:14:11.189342602 +0200 +++ 2/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc6195bis-02.txt 2012-06-11 03:14:11.221342638 +0200 @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ INTERNET-DRAFT Donald Eastlake Obsoletes: 6195 Huawei Updates: 1183, 3597 Intended status: Best Current Practice -Expires: November 1, 2012 May 2, 2012 +Expires: December 9, 2012 June 10, 2012 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations - + Abstract This document specifies Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) parameter assignment considerations for the allocation of Domain Name System (DNS) resource record types, CLASSes, operation codes, error codes, DNS protocol message header bits, and AFSDB resource record - subtypes. It obsoletes RFC 6195. + subtypes. It obsoletes RFC 6195 and updates RFCs 1183 and 3597. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Distribution of this draft is unlimited. It is intended to become the new BCP 42 obsoleting RFC 6195. Comments should be sent to the DNS Extensions Working Group mailing list . @@ -29,57 +29,56 @@ Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at - http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html - - The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at - http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html + http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html. The list of Internet-Draft + Shadow Directories can be accessed at + http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................3 - 1.1. Terminology...........................................3 + 1.1 Terminology............................................3 1.2 Acknowledgement........................................3 2. DNS Query/Response Headers..............................4 - 2.1. One Spare Bit?........................................4 - 2.2. OpCode Assignment.....................................5 - 2.3. RCODE Assignment......................................5 + 2.1 One Spare Bit?.........................................4 + 2.2 OpCode Assignment......................................5 + 2.3 RCODE Assignment.......................................5 3. DNS Resource Records....................................7 - 3.1. RRTYPE IANA Considerations............................8 - 3.1.1. DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy........................9 - 3.1.2. DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines.......................10 - 3.1.3. Special Note on the OPT RR.........................10 - 3.1.4. The AFSDB RR Subtype Field.........................11 - 3.2. RR CLASS IANA Considerations.........................11 + 3.1 RRTYPE IANA Considerations.............................8 + 3.1.1 DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy.........................9 + 3.1.2 DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines........................10 + 3.1.3 Special Note on the OPT RR..........................10 + 3.1.4 The AFSDB RR Subtype Field..........................11 + 3.2 RR CLASS IANA Considerations..........................11 3.3. Label Considerations.................................13 - 3.3.1. Label Types........................................13 - 3.3.2. Label Contents and Use.............................13 + 3.3.1 Label Types.........................................13 + 3.3.2 Label Contents and Use..............................13 - 4. Security Considerations................................14 - 5. IANA Considerations....................................14 + 4. Security Considerations................................15 + 5. IANA Considerations....................................15 - Appendix A: RRTYPE Allocation Template....................15 - Appendix B: Changes From RFC 6195.........................16 + Appendix A: RRTYPE Allocation Template....................16 + Appendix B: Changes From RFC 6195.........................17 - Normative References......................................17 - Informative References....................................18 + Normative References......................................18 + Informative References....................................19 INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations 1. Introduction The Domain Name System (DNS) provides replicated distributed secure hierarchical databases that store "resource records" (RRs) under domain names. DNS data is structured into CLASSes and zones that can be independently maintained. Familiarity with [RFC1034], [RFC1035], [RFC2136], [RFC2181], and [RFC4033] is assumed. @@ -92,21 +91,21 @@ query/response OpCode for such considerations if they have been defined, except for AFSDB RR considerations [RFC1183], which are included herein. This RFC obsoletes [RFC6195]; however, the only significant changes are those to the RRTYPE IANA allocation process, aimed at streamlining it and clarifying the expected behavior of the parties involved, and the closing of the AFSDB sub-type registry. IANA currently maintains a web page of DNS parameters available from http://www.iana.org. -1.1. Terminology +1.1 Terminology "Standards Action", "IETF Review", "Specification Required", and "Private Use" are as defined in [RFC5226]. 1.2 Acknowledgement Alfred Hoenes contributions are gratefully acknowledged. INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations @@ -146,50 +145,50 @@ Action. The unsigned integer fields query count (QDCOUNT), answer count (ANCOUNT), authority count (NSCOUNT), and additional information count (ARCOUNT) express the number of records in each section for all OpCodes except Update [RFC2136]. These fields have the same structure and data type for Update but are instead the counts for the zone (ZOCOUNT), prerequisite (PRCOUNT), update (UPCOUNT), and additional information (ARCOUNT) sections. -2.1. One Spare Bit? +2.1 One Spare Bit? There have been ancient DNS implementations for which the Z bit being on in a query meant that only a response from the primary server for a zone is acceptable. It is believed that current DNS implementations INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations ignore this bit. Assigning a meaning to the Z bit requires a Standards Action. -2.2. OpCode Assignment +2.2 OpCode Assignment Currently, DNS OpCodes are assigned as follows: OpCode Name Reference 0 Query [RFC1035] 1 IQuery (Inverse Query, Obsolete) [RFC3425] 2 Status [RFC1035] 3 available for assignment 4 Notify [RFC1996] 5 Update [RFC2136] 6-15 available for assignment New OpCode assignments require a Standards Action as modified by [RFC4020]. -2.3. RCODE Assignment +2.3 RCODE Assignment It would appear from the DNS header above that only four bits of RCODE, or response/error code, are available. However, RCODEs can appear not only at the top level of a DNS response but also inside OPT RRs [RFC2671bis], TSIG RRs [RFC2845], and TKEY RRs [RFC2930]. The OPT RR provides an 8-bit extension resulting in a 12-bit RCODE field, and the TSIG and TKEY RRs have a 16-bit RCODE field. Error codes appearing in the DNS header and in these three RR types all refer to the same error code space with the single exception of @@ -291,44 +290,48 @@ RDLENGTH is an unsigned 16-bit integer that specifies the length in octets of the RDATA field. RDATA is a variable-length string of octets that constitutes the resource. The format of this information varies according to the TYPE and, in some cases, the CLASS of the resource record. INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations -3.1. RRTYPE IANA Considerations +3.1 RRTYPE IANA Considerations There are three subcategories of RRTYPE numbers: data TYPEs, QTYPEs, and Meta-TYPEs. Data TYPEs are the means of storing data. QTYPES can only be used in queries. Meta-TYPEs designate transient data associated with a particular DNS message and, in some cases, can also be used in queries. Thus far, data TYPEs have been assigned from 1 upward, plus the block from 100 through 103, and from 32,768 upward, while Q and Meta-TYPEs have been assigned from 255 downward except for the OPT Meta-RR, which is assigned TYPE 41. There have been DNS implementations that made caching decisions based on the top bit of the bottom byte of the RRTYPE. There are currently three Meta-TYPEs assigned: OPT [RFC2671bis], TSIG [RFC2845], and TKEY [RFC2930]. There are currently five QTYPEs assigned: * (ALL), MAILA, MAILB, AXFR, and IXFR. - RRTYPEs have mnemonics that must be completely disjoint from the - mnemonics used for CLASSes and that must match the following regular - expression: + Allocated RRTYPEs have mnemonics that must be completely disjoint + from the mnemonics used for CLASSes and that must match the regular + expression below. In addition, the generic CLASS and RRTYPE names + specified in Section 5 of [RFC3597] cannot be assigned as new RRTYPE + mnemonics. [A-Z][A-Z0-9\-]*[A-Z0-9] + but not + (TYPE|CLASS)(0|[1-9][0-9]*) Considerations for the allocation of new RRTYPEs are as follows: Decimal Hexadecimal Assignment Policy 0 0x0000 RRTYPE zero is used as a special indicator for the SIG (0) RR [RFC2931] [RFC4034] and in other circumstances, and it must never be allocated for @@ -356,33 +359,33 @@ 0xF000 - 0xFEFF Reserved for future use. IETF Review required to define use. 65,280 - 65,534 0xFF00 - 0xFFFE Private Use. 65,535 0xFFFF Reserved, can only be assigned by a Standards Action. -3.1.1. DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy +3.1.1 DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy - Parameter values specified in Section 3.1 above, as assigned based on + Parameter values specified in Section 3.1 above as assigned based on DNS RRTYPE Allocation Policy, are allocated by Expert Review if they meet the two requirements listed below. There will be a pool of a small number of Experts appointed by the IESG. Each application will be judged by an Expert selected by IANA. In any case where the selected Expert is unavailable or states they have a conflict of - interest, IANA may select another Expert from the pool. + interest, IANA may select another Expert from the pool. Some + guidelines for the Experts are given in Section 3.1.2. - Some guidelines for the Experts are given in Section 3.1.2. RRTYPEs - that do not meet the requirements below may nonetheless be allocated - by a Standards Action as modified by [RFC4020]. + RRTYPEs that do not meet the requirements below may nonetheless be + allocated by a Standards Action as modified by [RFC4020]. 1. A complete template as specified in Appendix A has been posted to the dns-rrtype-applications@iana.org mailing list and received by the Expert. Note that the posting of partially completed, draft, or formally submitted templates to dnsext@ietf.org by the applicant or Expert for comment and discussion is highly encouraged. Formal submission of an RRTYPE template without consideration of some community review can be expected to increase the probability of initial rejection leading to a need to re-submit after @@ -409,57 +412,57 @@ should consult with other technical experts and the dnsext@ietf.org mailing list as necessary. If the Expert does not approve the application within this period, it is considered rejected. IANA should report non-responsive Experts to the IESG. IANA shall maintain a public archive of approved templates. In addition, if the required description of the RRTYPE applied for is referenced by URL, a copy of the document so referenced should be included in the archive. -3.1.2. DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines +3.1.2 DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines The Expert should normally reject any RRTYPE allocation request that meets one or more of the following criteria: 1. Was documented in a manner that was not sufficiently clear or complete to evaluate or implement. (Additional documentation can be provided during the Expert review period.) 2. The proposed RRTYPE or RRTYPEs affect DNS processing and do not meet the criteria in point 2 of Section 3.1.1 above. 3. Application use as documented makes incorrect assumptions about DNS protocol behavior, such as wild cards, CNAME, DNAME, etc. 4. An excessive number of RRTYPE values is being requested when the purpose could be met with a smaller number or with Private Use values. -3.1.3. Special Note on the OPT RR +3.1.3 Special Note on the OPT RR The OPT (OPTion) RR (RRTYPE 41) and its IANA considerations are specified in [RFC2671bis]. Its primary purpose is to extend the effective field size of various DNS fields including RCODE, label type, OpCode, flag bits, and RDATA size. In particular, for resolvers and servers that recognize it, it extends the RCODE field from 4 to 12 bits. INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations -3.1.4. The AFSDB RR Subtype Field +3.1.4 The AFSDB RR Subtype Field The AFSDB RR [RFC1183] is a CLASS-insensitive RR that has the same RDATA field structure as the MX RR [RFC1035], but the 16-bit unsigned integer field at the beginning of the RDATA is interpreted as a - subtype as show below. This subtype registry is closed and allocation - of new subtypes is no longer permitted. + subtype as shown below. This subtype registry is closed and + allocation of new subtypes is no longer permitted. Decimal Hexadecimal Assignment Policy 0 0x0000 Reserved, registry closed 1 0x0001 AFS v3.0 Location Service [RFC1183] @@ -468,21 +471,21 @@ 3 - 65,279 0x0003 - 0xFEFF Not allocated, registry closed 65,280 - 65,534 0xFF00 - 0xFFFE Private Use 65,535 0xFFFF Reserved, registry closed -3.2. RR CLASS IANA Considerations +3.2 RR CLASS IANA Considerations There are currently two subcategories of DNS CLASSes: normal, data- containing classes and QCLASSes that are only meaningful in queries or updates. DNS CLASSes have been little used but constitute another dimension of the DNS distributed database. In particular, there is no necessary relationship between the name space or root servers for one data CLASS and those for another data CLASS. The same DNS NAME can have completely different meanings in different CLASSes. The label types @@ -492,25 +495,29 @@ As yet, there has not been a requirement for "meta-CLASSes". That would be a CLASS to designate transient data associated with a particular DNS message, which might be usable in queries. However, it is possible that there might be a future requirement for one or more INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations "meta-CLASSes". - CLASSes have mnemonics that must be completely disjoint from the - mnemonics used for RRTYPEs and that must match the following regular - expression: + Assigned CLASSes have mnemonics that must be completely disjoint from + the mnemonics used for RRTYPEs and that must match the regular + expression below. In addition, the generic CLASS and RRTYPE names + specified in Section 5 of [RFC3597] cannot be assigned as new CLASS + mnemonics. [A-Z][A-Z0-9\-]*[A-Z0-9] + but not + (CLASS|RRTYPE)(0|[1-9][0-9]*) The current CLASS assignments and considerations for future assignments are as follows: Decimal Hexadecimal Assignment / Policy, Reference 0 0x0000 Reserved; assignment requires a Standards Action @@ -537,67 +544,69 @@ 254 0x00FE QCLASS NONE [RFC2136] 255 0x00FF QCLASS * (ANY) [RFC1035] 256 - 32,767 0x0100 - 0x7FFF Available for assignment by IETF Review - 32,768 - 57,343 - 0x8000 - 0xDFFF Assigned for data CLASSes only; Specification - Required for new assignments - INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations + 32,768 - 57,343 + 0x8000 - 0xDFFF Available for assignment to data CLASSes only; + Specification Required + 57,344 - 65,279 - 0xE000 - 0xFEFF Assigned for QCLASSes and meta-CLASSes only; - Specification Required for new assignments + 0xE000 - 0xFEFF Available for assignment to QCLASSes and meta- + CLASSes only; Specification Required 65,280 - 65,534 0xFF00 - 0xFFFE Private Use 65,535 0xFFFF Reserved; can only be assigned by a Standards Action 3.3. Label Considerations DNS NAMEs are sequences of labels [RFC1035]. -3.3.1. Label Types +3.3.1 Label Types At the present time, there are two categories of label types: data labels and compression labels. Compression labels are pointers to data labels elsewhere within an RR or DNS message and are intended to shorten the wire encoding of NAMEs. The two existing data label types are sometimes referred to as Text and Binary. Text labels can, in fact, include any octet value including zero-value octets, but many current uses involve only - printing ASCII characters [RFC20]. For retrieval, Text labels are + printing ASCII characters [US-ASCII]. For retrieval, Text labels are defined to treat ASCII upper and lower case letter codes as matching [RFC4343]. Binary labels are bit sequences [RFC2673]. The Binary label type is Historic [RFC2671bis]. -3.3.2. Label Contents and Use +3.3.2 Label Contents and Use The last label in each NAME is "ROOT", which is the zero-length label. By definition, the null or ROOT label cannot be used for any other NAME purpose. NAMEs are local to a CLASS. The Hesiod [Dyer1987] and Chaos [Moon1981] CLASSes are for essentially local use. The IN, or Internet, CLASS is thus the only DNS CLASS in global use on the Internet at this time. +INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations + A somewhat out-of-date description of name allocation in the IN Class is given in [RFC1591]. Some information on reserved top-level domain names is in BCP 32 [RFC2606]. INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations 4. Security Considerations This document addresses IANA considerations in the allocation of general DNS parameters, not security. See [RFC4033], [RFC4034], and @@ -665,117 +674,124 @@ I. Does the proposal require/expect any changes in DNS servers/resolvers that prevent the new type from being processed as an unknown RRTYPE (see [RFC3597])? J. Comments: INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations Appendix B: Changes From RFC 6195 - Drop description of changes from RFC 5395 to RFC 6195 since those + Drop description of changes from RFC 5395 to [RFC6195] since those changes have already happened and we don't need to do them again. Add - description of changes from RFC 6195. + description of changes from [RFC6195] to this document. Cut back RRTYPE Expert review period to two weeks and eliminate the mandatory dnsext@ietf.org comment period. Change workflow description for RRTYPE review and allocation to correspond more closely to actual practice. - Close AFSDB sub-type registry. + Close the AFSDB sub-type registry. - Update references for revised versions and change ASCII reference to - [RFC20]. + Update references for revised versions. Clarify IANA archiving of referenced documentation as well as approved RRTYPE application template. In the RRTYPE application template, change the label of question "B" to "B.1" and add "B.2" to ask about the kind of RR. + Addition of text and an exclusory regular expression to Sections 3.1 + and 3.2 to prohibit the use of the generic CLASS and RRTYPE names + specified in [RFC3597] as the mnemonics for new CLASSes and RRTYPEes. + A number of editorial changes and typo fixes. INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations Normative References - [RFC20] - Cerf, V., "ASCII format for network interchange", RFC 20, - October 1969. - [RFC1034] - Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987. [RFC1035] - Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987. [RFC1996] - Vixie, P., "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC 1996, August 1996. [RFC2136] - Vixie, P., Ed., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J. Bound, - "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136, - April 1997. + "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", + RFC 2136, April 1997. [RFC2181] - Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS Specification", RFC 2181, July 1997. [RFC2845] - Vixie, P., Gudmundsson, O., Eastlake 3rd, D., and B. - Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)", - RFC 2845, May 2000. + Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for + DNS (TSIG)", RFC 2845, May 2000. [RFC2930] - Eastlake 3rd, D., "Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)", RFC 2930, September 2000. [RFC3425] - Lawrence, D., "Obsoleting IQUERY", RFC 3425, November 2002. [RFC3597] - Gustafsson, A., "Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types", RFC 3597, September 2003. [RFC4020] - Kompella, K. and A. Zinin, "Early IANA Allocation of - Standards Track Code Points", BCP 100, RFC 4020, February 2005. + Standards Track Code Points", BCP 100, RFC 4020, February + 2005. [RFC4033] - Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. - Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements", RFC 4033, March - 2005. + Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements", RFC + 4033, March 2005. [RFC4034] - Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. - Rose, "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC 4034, - March 2005. + Rose, "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions", + RFC 4034, March 2005. [RFC4035] - Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. - Rose, "Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC - 4035, March 2005. - -INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations + Rose, "Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security + Extensions", RFC 4035, March 2005. [RFC4635] - Eastlake 3rd, D., "HMAC SHA (Hashed Message - Authentication Code, Secure Hash Algorithm) TSIG Algorithm - Identifiers", RFC 4635, August 2006. + Authentication Code, Secure Hash Algorithm) TSIG + Algorithm Identifiers", RFC 4635, August 2006. + +INTERNET-DRAFT DNS IANA Considerations [RFC5226] - Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an - IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. + IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, + May 2008. [RFC2671bis] - Damas, J., Graff, M., and Vixie, P., "Extension - Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)", draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2671bis-edns0, work - in progress. + Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)", draft-ietf-dnsext- + rfc2671bis-edns0, work in progress. + + [US-ASCII] - ANSI, "USA Standard Code for Information Interchange", + X3.4, American National Standards Institute: New York, + 1968 Informative References [Dyer1987] - Dyer, S., and F. Hsu, "Hesiod", Project Athena Technical Plan - Name Service, April 1987. [Moon1981] - Moon, D., "Chaosnet", A.I. Memo 628, Massachusetts - Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, June - 1981. + Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence + Laboratory, June 1981. [RFC1183] - Everhart, C., Mamakos, L., Ullmann, R., and P. - Mockapetris, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC 1183, October 1990. + Mockapetris, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC 1183, October + 1990. [RFC1591] - Postel, J., "Domain Name System Structure and Delegation", RFC 1591, March 1994. [RFC2606] - Eastlake 3rd, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS Names", BCP 32, RFC 2606, June 1999. [RFC2673] - Crawford, M., "Binary Labels in the Domain Name System", RFC 2673, August 1999.