draft-ietf-ippm-active-passive-00.txt		draft-ietf-ippm-active-passive-01.txt
	Network Working Group A. Morton		Network Working Group A. Morton
	Internet-Draft AT&T Labs		Internet-Draft AT&T Labs
	Intended status: Informational June 30, 2015		Intended status: Informational September 6, 2015
	Expires: January 1, 2016		Expires: March 9, 2016
	Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (and everything in-between, or		Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (and everything in-between, or
	Hybrid)		Hybrid)
	draft-ietf-ippm-active-passive-00		draft-ietf-ippm-active-passive-01
	Abstract		Abstract
	This memo provides clear definitions for Active and Passive		This memo provides clear definitions for Active and Passive
	performance assessment. The construction of Metrics and Methods can		performance assessment. The construction of Metrics and Methods can
	be described as Active or Passive. Some methods may use a subset of		be described as Active or Passive. Some methods may use a subset of
	both active and passive attributes, and we refer to these as Hybrid		both active and passive attributes, and we refer to these as Hybrid
	Methods.		Methods.
	Status of This Memo		Status of This Memo
	skipping to change at page 1, line 35		skipping to change at page 1, line 35
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute		Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
	working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-		working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
	Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.		Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
	Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months		Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	This Internet-Draft will expire on January 1, 2016.		This Internet-Draft will expire on March 9, 2016.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the		Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
	document authors. All rights reserved.		document authors. All rights reserved.
	This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal		This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
	Provisions Relating to IETF Documents		Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
	(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of		(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
	publication of this document. Please review these documents		publication of this document. Please review these documents
	skipping to change at page 2, line 21		skipping to change at page 2, line 21
	2. Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		2. Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		3. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3.1. Performance Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		3.1. Performance Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	3.2. Method of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.2. Method of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.3. Observation Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.3. Observation Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.4. Active Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.4. Active Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.5. Active Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3.5. Active Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	3.6. Passive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5		3.6. Passive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
	3.7. Passive Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5		3.7. Passive Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
	3.8. Hybrid Methods and Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		3.8. Hybrid Methods and Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	4. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		4. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	4.1. Graphical Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		4.1. Graphical Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	4.2. Discussion of PDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8		4.2. Discussion of PDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
	4.3. Discussion of "Coloring" Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		4.3. Discussion of "Coloring" Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	5. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		5. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11		Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	The adjectives "active" and "passive" have been used for many years		The adjectives "active" and "passive" have been used for many years
	to distinguish two different classes of Internet performance		to distinguish two different classes of Internet performance
	assessment. The first Passive and Active Measurement (PAM)		assessment. The first Passive and Active Measurement (PAM)
	Conference was held in 2000, but the earliest proceedings available		Conference was held in 2000, but the earliest proceedings available
	on-line are from the second PAM conference in 2001		on-line are from the second PAM conference in 2001
	[https://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/pam-2001].		[https://www.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/pam-2001].
	skipping to change at page 3, line 13		skipping to change at page 3, line 13
	present whether measurements take place or not.		present whether measurements take place or not.
	As new techniques for assessment emerge it is helpful to have clear		As new techniques for assessment emerge it is helpful to have clear
	definitions of these notions. This memo provides more detailed		definitions of these notions. This memo provides more detailed
	definitions, defines a new category for combinations of traditional		definitions, defines a new category for combinations of traditional
	active and passive techniques, and discusses means to evaluate new		active and passive techniques, and discusses means to evaluate new
	techniques as they emerge.		techniques as they emerge.
	This memo provides definitions for Active and Passive Metrics and		This memo provides definitions for Active and Passive Metrics and
	Methods based on long usage in the Internet measurement community,		Methods based on long usage in the Internet measurement community,
	and especially the Internet Engineering Task Force.		and especially the Internet Engineering Task Force. This memo also
			describes the comnination of fundamental Active and Passive
			categories, which are called Hybrid Methods and Metrics.
	1.1. Requirements Language		1.1. Requirements Language
	The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",		The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
	"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this		"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
	document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].		document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
	2. Purpose and Scope		2. Purpose and Scope
	The scope of this memo is to define and describe Active and Passive		The scope of this memo is to define and describe Active and Passive
	skipping to change at page 3, line 40		skipping to change at page 3, line 42
	Hybrid methods.		Hybrid methods.
	Further, this memo's purpose includes describing multiple dimensions		Further, this memo's purpose includes describing multiple dimensions
	in which to evaluate methods as they emerge.		in which to evaluate methods as they emerge.
	3. Terms and Definitions		3. Terms and Definitions
	This section defines the key terms of the memo. Some definitions use		This section defines the key terms of the memo. Some definitions use
	the notion of "stream of interest" which is synonymous with		the notion of "stream of interest" which is synonymous with
	"population of interest" defined in clause 6.1.1 of ITU-T		"population of interest" defined in clause 6.1.1 of ITU-T
	Recommendation Y.1540. The definitions are consistent with		Recommendation Y.1540 [Y.1540]. The definitions are consistent with
	[I-D.zheng-ippm-framework-passive].		[I-D.zheng-ippm-framework-passive].
	3.1. Performance Metric		3.1. Performance Metric
	The standard definition of a quantity, produced in an assessment of		The standard definition of a quantity, produced in an assessment of
	performance and/or reliability of the network, which has an intended		performance and/or reliability of the network, which has an intended
	utility and is carefully specified to convey the exact meaning of a		utility and is carefully specified to convey the exact meaning of a
	measured value. (This definition is consistent with that of		measured value. (This definition is consistent with that of
	Performance Metric in RFC 2330 and RFC 6390).		Performance Metric in RFC 2330 and RFC 6390).
	skipping to change at page 6, line 6		skipping to change at page 6, line 6
	3.7. Passive Metric		3.7. Passive Metric
	Passive Metrics apply to observations of packet traffic (traffic		Passive Metrics apply to observations of packet traffic (traffic
	flows in [RFC7011]).		flows in [RFC7011]).
	Passive performance metrics are assessed independent of the packets		Passive performance metrics are assessed independent of the packets
	or traffic flows, and solely through observation. Some refer to such		or traffic flows, and solely through observation. Some refer to such
	assessments as "out-of-band".		assessments as "out-of-band".
	One example of passive performance metrics for IP packet transfer can		One example of passive performance metrics for IP packet transfer can
	be found in ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540, where the metrics are		be found in ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540 [Y.1540], where the metrics
	defined on the basis of reference events as packet pass reference		are defined on the basis of reference events as packet pass reference
	points, so the metrics are agnostic to the distinction between active		points, so the metrics are agnostic to the distinction between active
	and passive when the necessary packet correspondence can be derived		and passive when the necessary packet correspondence can be derived
	from the observed stream of interest when required.		from the observed stream of interest as required.
	3.8. Hybrid Methods and Metrics		3.8. Hybrid Methods and Metrics
	Methods of Measurement which use a combination of Active Methods and		Hybrid Methods are Methods of Measurement which use a combination of
	Passive Methods, to assess Active Metrics, Passive Metrics, or new		Active Methods and Passive Methods, to assess Active Metrics, Passive
	metrics derived from the a' priori knowledge and observations of the		Metrics, or new metrics derived from the a' priori knowledge and
	stream of interest. ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540 defines metrics are		observations of the stream of interest. ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540
	applicable to the hybrid category, since packet correspondence at		[Y.1540] defines metrics are applicable to the hybrid category, since
	different observation/reference points could be derived from "fields		packet correspondence at different observation/reference points could
	which are dedicated to measurement", but otherwise the methods are		be derived from "fields which are dedicated to measurement", but
	passive.		otherwise the methods are passive.
	With respect to the stream of interest, Hybrid methods fit in the		There are several types of Hybrid methods, as categorized below.
	continuum as follows, in terms of what happens at the Source(or
	Observation Point nearby):		With respect to a *single* stream of interest, Hybrid Type I methods
			fit in the continuum as follows, in terms of what happens at the
			Source (or Observation Point nearby):
	o If you generate the stream of interest => Active		o If you generate the stream of interest => Active
	o If you augment of modify a stream of interest => Hybrid		o If you augment of modify a stream of interest => Hybrid Type I
	o If you solely observe a stream of interest => Passive		o If you solely observe a stream of interest => Passive
			We define Hybrid Type II as follows: Methods that employ two or more
			different streams of interest with some degree of mutual coordination
			(one or more Active streams and one or more undisturbed and
			unmodified packet streams) to collect both Active and Passive Metrics
			and enable enhanced characterization from additional joint analysis.
			[I-D.trammell-ippm-hybrid-ps] presents a problem statement for Hybrid
			Type II methods and metrics. Note that one or more Hybrid Type I
			streams could be substituted for the Active streams or undisturbed
			streams in the mutually coordinated set. It is the Type II Methods
			where unique Hybrid Metrics are atnticipated to emerge.
			Methods based on a combination of a single (generated) Active stream
			and Passive observations applied to the stream of interest at
			intermediate observation points are also a type of Hybrid Methods.
			However, [RFC5644] already defines these as Spatial Metrics and
			Methods. It is possible to replace the Active stream of [RFC5644]
			with a Hybrid Type I stream and measure Spatial Metrics (but this was
			un-anticipated when [RFC5644] was developed).
			The Table below illustrates the categorization of methods (where
			"Synthesis" refers to a combination of Active and Passive Method
			attributes).
			| Single Stream | Multiple Simultaneous
			| of Interest | Streams of Interest
			| | from Different Methods
			====================================================================
			Single Fundamental | Active or Passive |
			Method | |
			Synthesis of | Hybrid Type I |
			Fundamental Methods | |
			Multiple Methods | Spatial Metrics | Hybrid Type II
			| [RFC 5644] |
	4. Discussion		4. Discussion
	This section illustrates the definitions and presents some examples.		This section illustrates the definitions and presents some examples.
	4.1. Graphical Representation		4.1. Graphical Representation
	If we compare the Active and Passive Methods, there are at least two		If we compare the Active and Passive Methods, there are at least two
	dimensions on which methods can be evaluated. This evaluation space		dimensions on which methods can be evaluated. This evaluation space
	may be useful when a method is a combination of the two alternative		may be useful when a method is a combination of the two alternative
	methods.		methods.
	skipping to change at page 9, line 13		skipping to change at page 10, line 5
	supports performance measurements. This method processes a user		supports performance measurements. This method processes a user
	traffic stream and adds "fields which are dedicated to measurement".		traffic stream and adds "fields which are dedicated to measurement".
	Thus:		Thus:
	o The method may have a small effect on the measured stream and		o The method may have a small effect on the measured stream and
	other streams in the network.		other streams in the network.
	o The measured stream has unknown characteristics until it is		o The measured stream has unknown characteristics until it is
	processed to add the PDM Option header.		processed to add the PDM Option header.
	We conclude that this is a Hybrid method, having at least one		We conclude that this is a Hybrid Type I method, having at least one
	characteristic of both active and passive methods.		characteristic of both active and passive methods.
	4.3. Discussion of "Coloring" Method		4.3. Discussion of "Coloring" Method
	Draft [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m], proposed to color packets by re-		Draft [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m], proposed to color packets by re-
	writing a field of the stream at strategic interfaces to support		writing a field of the stream at strategic interfaces to support
	performance measurements. This method processes a user traffic		performance measurements. This method processes a user traffic
	stream and inserts "fields which are dedicated to measurement".		stream and inserts "fields which are dedicated to measurement".
	Thus:		Thus:
	skipping to change at page 9, line 36		skipping to change at page 10, line 28
	o The measured stream has unknown characteristics until it is		o The measured stream has unknown characteristics until it is
	processed to add the coloring in the header, and the stream could		processed to add the coloring in the header, and the stream could
	be measured and time-stamped during that process.		be measured and time-stamped during that process.
	We note that [I-D.chen-ippm-coloring-based-ipfpm-framework] proposes		We note that [I-D.chen-ippm-coloring-based-ipfpm-framework] proposes
	a method similar to [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m], and ippm-list discussion		a method similar to [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m], and ippm-list discussion
	indicates [I-D.chen-ippm-coloring-based-ipfpm-framework] may be		indicates [I-D.chen-ippm-coloring-based-ipfpm-framework] may be
	covered by the same IPR as [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m].		covered by the same IPR as [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m].
	We conclude that this is a Hybrid method, having at least one		We conclude that this is a Hybrid Type I method, having at least one
	characteristic of both active and passive methods.		characteristic of both active and passive methods.
	5. Security considerations		5. Security considerations
	When considering privacy of those involved in measurement or those		When considering privacy of those involved in measurement or those
	whose traffic is measured, there is sensitive information		whose traffic is measured, there is sensitive information
	communicated and observed at observation and measurement points		communicated and observed at observation and measurement points
	described above. We refer the reader to the privacy considerations		described above. We refer the reader to the privacy considerations
	described in the Large Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance		described in the Large Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance
	(LMAP) Framework [I-D.ietf-lmap-framework], which covers active and		(LMAP) Framework [I-D.ietf-lmap-framework], which covers active and
	skipping to change at page 10, line 13		skipping to change at page 10, line 50
	context.		context.
	6. IANA Considerations		6. IANA Considerations
	This memo makes no requests for IANA consideration.		This memo makes no requests for IANA consideration.
	7. Acknowledgements		7. Acknowledgements
	Thanks to Mike Ackermann for asking the right question, and for		Thanks to Mike Ackermann for asking the right question, and for
	several suggestions on terminology. Brian Trammell provided key		several suggestions on terminology. Brian Trammell provided key
	terms and references for the passive category. Tiziano Ionta		terms and references for the passive category, and suggested ways to
	reviewed the draft and suggested the classification for the		expand the Hybrid description and types. Phil Eardley suggested some
			hybrid scenaios for categorization as part of his review. Tiziano
			Ionta reviewed the draft and suggested the classification for the
	"coloring" method of measurement. Nalini Elkins identified several		"coloring" method of measurement. Nalini Elkins identified several
	areas for clarification following her review. Bill Jouris reviewed		areas for clarification following her review. Bill Jouris suggested
	01 editorially and suggested several improvements.		several editorial improvements.
	8. References		8. References
	8.1. Normative References		8.1. Normative References
	[RFC2330] Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and M. Mathis,		[RFC2330] Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and M. Mathis,
	"Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC 2330, May		"Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC 2330,
	1998.		DOI 10.17487/RFC2330, May 1998,
			<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2330>.
	[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate		[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
	Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.		Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
			DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
			<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
	[RFC3432] Raisanen, V., Grotefeld, G., and A. Morton, "Network		[RFC3432] Raisanen, V., Grotefeld, G., and A. Morton, "Network
	performance measurement with periodic streams", RFC 3432,		performance measurement with periodic streams", RFC 3432,
	November 2002.		DOI 10.17487/RFC3432, November 2002,
			<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3432>.
	[RFC5835] Morton, A. and S. Van den Berghe, "Framework for Metric		[RFC5644] Stephan, E., Liang, L., and A. Morton, "IP Performance
	Composition", RFC 5835, April 2010.		Metrics (IPPM): Spatial and Multicast", RFC 5644,
			DOI 10.17487/RFC5644, October 2009,
			<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5644>.
	[RFC7011] Claise, B., Trammell, B., and P. Aitken, "Specification of		[RFC5835] Morton, A., Ed. and S. Van den Berghe, Ed., "Framework for
	the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the		Metric Composition", RFC 5835, DOI 10.17487/RFC5835, April
	Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77, RFC 7011, September		2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5835>.
	2013.
			[RFC7011] Claise, B., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and P. Aitken,
			"Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)
			Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77,
			RFC 7011, DOI 10.17487/RFC7011, September 2013,
			<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7011>.
	8.2. Informative References		8.2. Informative References
	[I-D.ietf-lmap-framework]		[I-D.ietf-lmap-framework]
	Eardley, P., Morton, A., Bagnulo, M., Burbridge, T.,		Eardley, P., Morton, A., Bagnulo, M., Burbridge, T.,
	Aitken, P., and A. Akhter, "A framework for Large-Scale		Aitken, P., and A. Akhter, "A framework for Large-Scale
	Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP)", draft-ietf-		Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP)", draft-ietf-
	lmap-framework-14 (work in progress), April 2015.		lmap-framework-14 (work in progress), April 2015.
	[I-D.ietf-ippm-6man-pdm-option]		[I-D.ietf-ippm-6man-pdm-option]
	skipping to change at page 11, line 19		skipping to change at page 12, line 19
	[I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m]		[I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m]
	Capello, A., Cociglio, M., Castaldelli, L., and A. Bonda,		Capello, A., Cociglio, M., Castaldelli, L., and A. Bonda,
	"A packet based method for passive performance		"A packet based method for passive performance
	monitoring", draft-tempia-opsawg-p3m-04 (work in		monitoring", draft-tempia-opsawg-p3m-04 (work in
	progress), February 2014.		progress), February 2014.
	[I-D.chen-ippm-coloring-based-ipfpm-framework]		[I-D.chen-ippm-coloring-based-ipfpm-framework]
	Chen, M., Zheng, L., Mirsky, G., and G. Fioccola, "IP Flow		Chen, M., Zheng, L., Mirsky, G., and G. Fioccola, "IP Flow
	Performance Measurement Framework", draft-chen-ippm-		Performance Measurement Framework", draft-chen-ippm-
	coloring-based-ipfpm-framework-03 (work in progress),		coloring-based-ipfpm-framework-04 (work in progress), July
	February 2015.		2015.
	[I-D.zheng-ippm-framework-passive]		[I-D.zheng-ippm-framework-passive]
	Zheng, L., Elkins, N., Lingli, D., Ackermann, M., and G.		Zheng, L., Elkins, N., Lingli, D., Ackermann, M., and G.
	Mirsky, "Framework for IP Passive Performance		Mirsky, "Framework for IP Passive Performance
	Measurements", draft-zheng-ippm-framework-passive-03 (work		Measurements", draft-zheng-ippm-framework-passive-03 (work
	in progress), February 2015.		in progress), February 2015.
			[I-D.trammell-ippm-hybrid-ps]
			Trammell, B., Zheng, L., Berenguer, S., and M. Bagnulo,
			"Hybrid Measurement using IPPM Metrics", draft-trammell-
			ippm-hybrid-ps-01 (work in progress), February 2014.
			[Y.1540] ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540, , "Internet protocol data
			communication service - IP packet transfer and
			availability performance parameters", March 2011.
	Author's Address		Author's Address
	Al Morton		Al Morton
	AT&T Labs		AT&T Labs
	200 Laurel Avenue South		200 Laurel Avenue South
	Middletown, NJ		Middletown, NJ
	USA		USA
	Email: acmorton@att.com		Email: acmorton@att.com
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