draft-ietf-opes-end-comm-00.txt		draft-ietf-opes-end-comm-01.txt
	Network Working Group A. Barbir		Network Working Group A. Barbir
	Internet-Draft Nortel Networks		Internet-Draft Nortel Networks
	Expires: December 10, 2003 June 11, 2003		Expires: March 12, 2004 September 12, 2003
	OPES processor and end points communications		OPES processor and end points communications
	draft-ietf-opes-end-comm-00		draft-ietf-opes-end-comm-01
	Status of this Memo		Status of this Memo
	This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with		This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
	all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.		all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
	Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering		Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
	Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other		Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
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	skipping to change at page 1, line 30		skipping to change at page 1, line 30
	and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any		and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
	time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference		time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
	material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."		material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
	The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://		The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://
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	The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at		The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
	http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.		http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
	This Internet-Draft will expire on December 10, 2003.		This Internet-Draft will expire on March 12, 2004.
	Copyright Notice		Copyright Notice
	Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.		Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
	Abstract		Abstract
	This memo documents tracing requirements for Open Pluggable Edge		This memo documents tracing requirements for Open Pluggable Edge
	Services (OPES).		Services (OPES).
	Table of Contents		Table of Contents
	1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3		1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
	2. OPES Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		2. OPES Domain and OPES System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
	2.1 What is traceable in an OPES Flow? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4		3. OPES Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	2.2 Requirements for Information Related to Traceable		3.1 What is traceable in an OPES Flow? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
	Entities? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5		3.2 Requirements for Information Related to Traceable
	3. Requirements for OPES systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6		Entities? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
	4. Requirements for OPES processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7		4. Requirements for OPES processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
	5. Requirements for callout servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8		5. Requirements for callout servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
	6. Privacy considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		6. Privacy considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	6.1 Tracing and Trust Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9		6.1 Tracing and Trust Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
	7. How to Support Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		7. How to Support Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	7.1 Tracing and OPES System Granularity . . . . . . . . . . . . 10		7.1 Tracing and OPES System Granularity . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
	7.2 Requirements for In-Band Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11		7.2 Requirements for In-Band Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
	7.2.1 Tracing Information Granularity and Persistence levels		7.2.1 Tracing Information Granularity and Persistence levels
	Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11		Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
	7.3 Protocol Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12		7.3 Protocol Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	7.4 Tracing scenarios and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12		7.4 Tracing scenarios and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
	8. IAB considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13		8. Optional Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
	8.1 Notification Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13		9. IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
	8.1.1 Addressing IAB Consideration 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14		10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
	8.1.2 Addressing IAB Consideration 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15		Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
	9. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17		Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
	10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18		Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
	Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19		A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
	Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20		Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 21
	Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
	A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
	Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 22
	1. Introduction		1. Introduction
	The Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) architecture [8] enables		The Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) architecture [8] enables
	cooperative application services (OPES services) between a data		cooperative application services (OPES services) between a data
	provider, a data consumer, and zero or more OPES processors. The		provider, a data consumer, and zero or more OPES processors. The
	application services under consideration analyze and possibly		application services under consideration analyze and possibly
	transform application-level messages exchanged between the data		transform application-level messages exchanged between the data
	provider and the data consumer.		provider and the data consumer.
	skipping to change at page 3, line 37		skipping to change at page 3, line 37
	by OPES entities. The work focus on developing tracing requirements		by OPES entities. The work focus on developing tracing requirements
	that can be used to fulfil the notification and Non-Blocking		that can be used to fulfil the notification and Non-Blocking
	requirements [2].		requirements [2].
	In the OPES architecture document [8], there is a requirement of		In the OPES architecture document [8], there is a requirement of
	relaying tracing information in-band. This work investigates this		relaying tracing information in-band. This work investigates this
	possibility and discusses possible methods that could be used to		possibility and discusses possible methods that could be used to
	detect faulty OPES processors or callout servers by end points in an		detect faulty OPES processors or callout servers by end points in an
	OPES flow.		OPES flow.
	The document is organized as follows: .......		The document is organized as follows: Section 2 defines OPES Domain
			and OPES System. Section 3 discusses entities that are traceable in
			an OPES Flow. Sections 4 and 5 discuss tracing requirements for OPES
			systems and callout servers. Section 6 focus on Tracing and Trust
			Domains. Section 7 discusses how to support tracing and provides uses
			cases. Section 8 examines Optional Notofication. Section 9 looks
			into IANA considerations. Section 10 examines security
			considerations.
	2. OPES Tracing		2. OPES Domain and OPES System
			This sections clarifies the terms OPES system and OPES Domain [8].
			These terms are needed in order to define what is traceable in an
			OPES Flow [8].
			An OPES domain describes the collection of OPES entities that a
			single provider operates. OPES domains can be based on trust or other
			operational boundaries. All elements of an "OPES Domain" MUST be in
			the same trust domain. This would be independent of any specific OPES
			flow.
			An OPES system consists of a limited set of OPES entities, parts of a
			single or of multiple OPES operators domains, organized by (or on
			behalf) of either a data provider application or a data consumer
			application to perform authorized services on a given application
			message. Each OPES entity in an OPES system MUST be directly
			addressable on IP level by a data consumer application.
			An OPES system can be formed in a recursive manner. An OPES system
			can start with either a data provider application or a data consumer
			application (for a given message). The OPES system then includes any
			OPES entity trusted by (accepting authority from) an entity that is
			already in the OPES system. The trust and authority delegation is
			viewed in the context of the given application message.
			As implied by the above definition, some OPES entities in the system
			may not participate in the processing of a given message.
			An OPES domain MUST not be an OPES sub-system. An OPES domain MUST
			require external resources to provide services. An OPES domain is a
			part of an OPES system belonging to a given operator. OPES domains
			have no incidence on the structure of an OPES system, but they may
			influence its organization for different reasons such as security,
			payment, quality of service, delivery parameters among others.
			In Figure 1 an OPES Flow is shown that traverses across various OPES
			Domains. A data consumer application MUST be able to recive tracing
			information on per message basis that enable it to determine the set
			of transformations that were perfomed on the data for a particular
			OPES Flow. The formation of an OPES flow can be static or dynamic,
			meaning that the determination of which OPES Domains will participate
			in a given OPES Flow (per message basis) can be a function of
			business arrangements.
			+------------------------------------------+
			| Data Consumer Application |
			+------------------------------------------+
			^
			|
			+-------------------------------------------+
			| OPES System | O |
			| | |
			| +-------------------------+ | P |
			| | OPES Domain | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | E |
			| | | OPES Entity | | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | S |
			| | . | | |
			| | . | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | F |
			| | |Callout Server | | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | L |
			| | | | |
			| +-------------------------+ | O |
			| . | |
			| . | W |
			| +-------------------------+ | |
			| | OPES Domain | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | |
			| | | OPES Entity | | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | |
			| | . | | |
			| | . | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | |
			| | | OPES Entity | | | |
			| | +---------------+ | | |
			| +-------------------------+ | |
			| v |
			| +-----------------------------------+ |
			| | Data Provider Application | |
			| +-----------------------------------+ |
			| |
			+-------------------------------------------+
			Figure 1: OPES System
			3. OPES Tracing
	Before discussing what is traceable in an OPES flow, it is beneficial		Before discussing what is traceable in an OPES flow, it is beneficial
	to define what tracing means. Tracing is defined as the inclusion of		to define what tracing means. Tracing is defined as the inclusion of
	necessary information within a message in an OPES flow that could be		necessary information within a message in an OPES flow that could be
	used to identify the set of transformations or adpatations that have		used to identify the set of transformations or adpatations that have
	been performed on its content before its delivery to an end point		been performed on its content in an OPES System before its delivery
	(the data consumer application).		to an end point (the data consumer application).
	o OPES trace: application message information about OPES entities		o OPES trace: application message information about OPES entities in
	that adapted that message		an OPES System that adapted that message.
	o OPES tracing: the process of including, manipulating, and		o OPES tracing: the process of including, manipulating, and
	interpreting an OPES trace		interpreting an OPES trace in an OPES System.
	To emphasize, the above definition means that OPES tracing SHOULD be		To emphasize, the above definition means that OPES tracing SHOULD be
	performed on per message basis. Trace format is dependent on the		performed on per message basis. Trace format is dependent on the
	application protocol being adapted by OPES. Data consumer application		application protocol that is being adapted by OPES. Data consumer
	can use OPES trace to infer the actions that have been performed by		application can use OPES trace to infer the actions that have been
	OPES system(s). The architecture document requires [8] that tracing		performed by the OPES system. The architecture document requires [8]
	be supported in-band.		that tracing be supported in-band.
	2.1 What is traceable in an OPES Flow?		In an OPES System the task of providing tracing information, must
			take into account the following considerations:
	o The data consumer application end point MUST be able to identify		o Providers may be hesitant to reveal information about their
	the OPES processors that have acted on an application message.		internal network infrastructure.
	o The data consumer application end point SHOULD be able to identify		o Within a service provider network, OPES processors may be
	OPES services (including callout services) that were performed on		configured to use non-routable, private IP addresses.
	request/responses that are part of an application message.
	o TBD		o A Data consumer applications would prefer to have a single point
			of contact regarding the trace information.
	o TBD		o TBD
	For a given trace, an OPES entity involved in handling the		3.1 What is traceable in an OPES Flow?
	corresponding application message is "traceable" or "traced" if
	information about it appears in that trace. OPES entities have
	different levels of traceability requirements. Specifically,
	o An OPES system MUST be traceable		This section focuses on identifying the traceable entities in an OPES
			Flow. Tracing information MUST be able to provide a data consumer
			application with useful information without tracing the exact OPES
			Processor or callout servers that adapted the data. It is up to the
			OPES service provider to have maintained appropriate internal
			detailed traces to find the answer to the data consumer applications
			inquiry.
	o An OPES processor SHOULD be traceable		At the implementation level, for a given trace, an OPES entity
			involved in handling the corresponding application message is
			"traceable" or "traced" if information about it appears in that
			trace. OPES entities have different levels of traceability
			requirements. Specifically,
	o An OPES service MAY be traceable		o An OPES system MUST add its entry to the trace.
	o Editor Note: Need to define an OPES System properly		o An OPES processor SHOULD add its entry to the trace.
	2.2 Requirements for Information Related to Traceable Entities?		o An OPES service SHOULD add its entry to the trace.
			o An OPES entity MAY manage trace information from entities that are
			under its control. For example, an OPES processor may add or
			remove callout service entries in order to manage the size of a
			trace. Other considerations include:
			* The OPES processor may have a fixed configuration that enable
			it to respond to tracing inquires.
			* The OPES processor may insert a summary of the services that it
			controls. The summary can be used to respond to tracing
			inquiries.
			* The OPES processor may package tracing information related to
			the entities that it control based on the policy of a given
			OPES System.
			From an OPES context, a good tracing approach is similar to a trouble
			ticket ready for submission to a known address. The trace in itself
			is not necessarily a detailed description of what has happened. It is
			the resposibility of the operator to resolve the problems.
			3.2 Requirements for Information Related to Traceable Entities?
	The requirements for information as related to entities that are		The requirements for information as related to entities that are
	terceable in an OPES flow are:		terceable in an OPES flow are:
	o The privacy policy at the time it dealt with the message		o The privacy policy at the time it dealt with the message
	o Identification of the party responsible for setting and enforcing		o Identification of the party responsible for setting and enforcing
	that policy		that policy
	o Information pointing to a technical contact		o Information pointing to a technical contact
	o Information that identifies, to the technical contact, the OPES		o Information that identifies, to the technical contact, the OPES
	processors involved in processing the messag		processors involved in processing the messag
	o TBD		o TBD
	3. Requirements for OPES systems		4. Requirements for OPES processors
	Editor Note: Need to define OPES System and state requirements		In order to facilitate compliance, the concept of an "OPES system"
			being traceable, requires that each OPES processor MUST support
			tracing. Policy can be set that defines which domain has
			authorization to turn on tracing and its granularity. An OPES
			provider can have its private policy for trace information, but it
			MUST support tracing mechanisms and it MUST reveal it's policy.
	4. Requirements for OPES processors		The requirements for OPES processors that are applicatble to tracing
			are:
	TBD		o Each OPES processor MUST belong to a single OPES Domain.
			o Each OPES processor MUST have a Unique Identity in that Domain.
			o Each OPES processor MUST support tracing, policy can be used to
			turn tracing on and.to determine granuality.
			o TBD
	5. Requirements for callout servers		5. Requirements for callout servers
	If it is the task of an OPES processor to add trace records to		If it is the task of an OPES processor to add trace records to
	application messages, then callout servers that uses the OCP protocol		application messages, then callout servers that uses the OCP protocol
	are not affected by tracing requirements.In order for an OCP protocol		are not affected by tracing requirements. In order for an OCP
	to be tracing neutral, the OPES server SHOULD be able to meet the		protocol to be tracing neutral, the OPES server SHOULD be able to
	following requirements:		meet the following requirements:
	o Callout services adapt payload regardless of the application		o Callout services adapt payload regardless of the application
	protocol in use and leave header adjustment to OPES processor.		protocol in use and leave header adjustment to OPES processor.
	o OPES processor SHOULD be able to trace its own invocation and		o OPES processor SHOULD be able to trace it's own invocation and
	service(s) execution because OPES processor understand the		service(s) execution since they understand the application
	application protocol.		protocol.
	o Callout servers MAY be able to add their own OPES trace records		o Callout servers MAY be able to add their own OPES trace records
	to application level messages.		to application level messages.
	o TBD		o TBD
	6. Privacy considerations		6. Privacy considerations
	6.1 Tracing and Trust Domains		6.1 Tracing and Trust Domains
	skipping to change at page 13, line 5		skipping to change at page 14, line 5
	7.3 Protocol Binding		7.3 Protocol Binding
	How tracing is added is application protocol-specific and will be		How tracing is added is application protocol-specific and will be
	documented in separate drafts. This work documents what tracing		documented in separate drafts. This work documents what tracing
	information is required and some common tracing elements.		information is required and some common tracing elements.
	7.4 Tracing scenarios and examples		7.4 Tracing scenarios and examples
	TBD		TBD
	8. IAB considerations		8. Optional Notification
	This section examines IAB [2] considerations (3.1) and (3.2)		This section examines IAB [2] considerations (3.1) and (3.2)
	regarding notification in an OPES architecture. The IAB		regarding notification in an OPES architecture.
	considerations are reiterated here for ease of reference.
	Notification propagates in opposite direction of tracing and cannot		Notification propagates in opposite direction of tracing and cannot
	be attached to application messages that it notifies about.		be attached to application messages that it notifies about.
	Notification can be done out-band and may require the development of		Notification can be done out-band and may require the development of
	a new protocol. The direction of data flow for tracing and		a new protocol. The direction of data flow for tracing and
	notification are deoicted in Figure 1.		notification are depicted in Figure 2.
	Notification		Notification
	+-----------------------------------------------		+-----------------------------------------------
	| |		| |
	| V		| V
	+---------------+ +-------+ +---------------+		+---------------+ +-------+ +---------------+
	| | | | | Data Provider |		| | | | | Data Provider |
	| Data Consumer | Tracing | OPES |<----->| Application |		| Data Consumer | Tracing | OPES |<----->| Application |
	| Application |<-----------| | +---------------+		| Application |<-----------| | +---------------+
	+---------------+ +-------+		+---------------+ +-------+
	^		^
	|OCP		|OCP
	|		|
	V		V
	+---------+		+---------+
	| Callout |		| Callout |
	| Server |		| Server |
	+---------+		+---------+
	Figure 1: Notification Flow		Figure 2: Notification Flow
	8.1 Notification Concerns
	Notifications for every HTTP request can burden some content
	providers. Therefore, it might be preferable to consider mechanisms
	that allow for the explicit request of notification. Hence, a
	mechanism for explicit request of notification May be required.
	Furthermore, end point privacy is a concern. An end user may consider
	information about OPES services applied on their behalf as private.
	For example, if translation for braille device has been applied, it
	can be concluded that the user is having eyesight problems; such
	information may be misused if the user is applying for a job online.
	Similarly, a content provider may consider information about its OPES
	services private. For example, use of a specific OPES intermediary by
	a high traffic volume site may indicate business alliances that have
	not been publicly announced yet. Another example of privacy, include
	situations where a user may not want to reveal to any content
	provider all the OPES services that have been applied on their
	behalf. For example, why should every content provider know what
	exact virus scanner a user is using?
	Security is also a concern. An attacker may benefit from knowledge
	of internal OPES services layout, execution order, software versions
	and other information that are likely to be present in automated
	notifications.
	The level of available details in notifications versus content
	provider interest in supporting notification is a concern.
	Experience shows that content providers often require very detailed
	information about user actions to be interested in notifications at
	all. For example, Hit Metering protocol [11] has been designed to
	supply content providers with proxy cache hit counts, in an effort to
	reduce cache busting behavior which was caused by content providers
	desire to get accurate site "access counts". However, the Hit
	Metering protocol is currently not widely deployed. This is because
	the protocol does not supply content providers with information such
	as client IP addresses, browser versions, or cookies.
	The Hit Metering experience is relevant because Hit Metering
	protocol was designed to do for HTTP caching intermediaries what
	OPES notifications are meant to do for OPES intermediaries. Thus, it
	is important to have the right balance when specifying the
	notofication requirements for OPES.
	In this document, IAB choice of "Notification" label is interpreted
	as "Notification assistance" (i.e. making notifications meaningful)
	and is not be interpreted as a "Notification protocol". Therefore,
	the work treats IAB considerations (3.1 and 3.2) as informative (not
	normative).
	8.1.1 Addressing IAB Consideration 3.1
	The consideration is restated below for ease of reference.
	(3.1) Notification: The overall OPES framework needs to assist		In [9] it was argued that Notification is an expensive approach for
	content providers in detecting and responding to client-centric		providing tracing information. However, the current work does not
	actions by OPES intermediaries that are deemed inappropriate by the		prevent an OPES System from publishing policy and specifications that
	content provider.		allow Optional Notification. For example, an OPES System can adopt a
			mechanism that uses a flag that would allow a data consumer and a
			data provider application to signal to each other that they are
			interested to receive an explicit notification if an OPES service is
			applied to a specific message. The value of this optional flag/field
			can be a URI that identifies notification method plus parameters. If
			a processor understands the method, it would be able to further
			decode the field and send a notification. The specification of the
			field name and format for an application protocol can be stated in
			the associated binding document. The details of the notification
			protocol is beyond the scope of this Working Group.
	IAB consideration (3.1) suggests that the overall OPES framework		For example, the following HTTP header:
	needs to assist content providers in detecting and responding to
	client-centric actions by OPES intermediaries that are deemed
	inappropriate by the content provider.
	It is important to note that most client-centric actions happen after		o OPES-Notify: URI *(pname=pvalue)
	the application message has left the content provider(s). Thus,
	notifications cannot be piggy-backed to application messages and have
	to travel in the opposite direction of traces, see Figure 1. To
	address this requirement directly, one would have to develop an out
	of band protocol to support notification.
	At this stage, there is no need to develop an out of band protocol to		Or,
	support notification, since requiring the OPES architecture to having
	a tracing facility can fulfil the objectives of notification. In
	this regard, it is recommended that tracing MUST be always-on, just
	like HTTP Via headers. This should eliminate notification as a
	separate requirement.
	8.1.2 Addressing IAB Consideration 3.2		o My-OPES-Notify: foo=bar q=0.5
	The consideration is restated below for ease of reference.		can be used.
	(3.2) Notification: The overall OPES framework should assist end		9. IANA considerations
	users in detecting the behavior of OPES intermediaries, potentially
	allowing them to identify imperfect or compromised intermediaries.
	TBD		TBD
	If the OPES end points cooperate then notification can be supported		10. Security Considerations
	by tracing. Content providers that suspect or experience difficulties
	can do any of the following:
	o Check whether requests they receive pass through OPES
	intermediaries. Presence of OPES tracing info will determine that.
	This check is only possible for request/response protocols. For
	other protocols (e.g., broadcast or push), the provider would have
	to assume that OPES intermediaries are involved until proven
	otherwise.
	o If OPES intermediaries are suspected, request OPES traces from
	potentially affected user(s). The trace will be a part of the
	application message received by the user software. If users
	cooperate, the provider(s) have all the information they need. If
	users do not cooperate, the provider(s) cannot do much about it
	(they might be able to deny service to uncooperative users in
	some cases).
	o Some traces may indicate that more information is available by
	accessing certain resources on the specified OPES intermediary or
	elsewhere. Content providers may query for more information in
	that case.
	o If everything else fails, providers can enforce no-adaptation
	policy using appropriate OPES bypass mechanisms and/or end-to-end
	mechanisms.
	9. Security considerations
	TBD		TBD
	10. IANA Considerations
	The proposed work will evaluate current protocols for OCP. If the
	work determines that a new protocol need to be developed, then there
	may be a need to request new numbers from IANA.
	Normative References		Normative References
	[1] McHenry, S., et. al, "OPES Scenarios and Use Cases",		[1] McHenry, S., et. al, "OPES Scenarios and Use Cases",
	Internet-Draft TBD, May 2002.		Internet-Draft TBD, May 2002.
	[2] Floyd, S. and L. Daigle, "IAB Architectural and Policy		[2] Floyd, S. and L. Daigle, "IAB Architectural and Policy
	Considerations for Open Pluggable Edge Services", RFC 3238,		Considerations for Open Pluggable Edge Services", RFC 3238,
	January 2002.		January 2002.
	[3] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., Masinter, L.,		[3] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., Masinter, L.,
	skipping to change at page 20, line 5		skipping to change at page 18, line 36
	draft-ietf-opes-protocol-reqs-03.txt, December 2002.		draft-ietf-opes-protocol-reqs-03.txt, December 2002.
	[7] A. Barbir et al., "Security Threats and Risks for Open Pluggable		[7] A. Barbir et al., "Security Threats and Risks for Open Pluggable
	Edge Services", Internet-Draft http://www.ietf.org/		Edge Services", Internet-Draft http://www.ietf.org/
	internet-drafts/draft-ietf-opes-threats-00.txt, October 2002.		internet-drafts/draft-ietf-opes-threats-00.txt, October 2002.
	[8] A. Barbir et al., "An Architecture for Open Pluggable Edge		[8] A. Barbir et al., "An Architecture for Open Pluggable Edge
	Services (OPES)", Internet-Draft http://www.ietf.org/		Services (OPES)", Internet-Draft http://www.ietf.org/
	internet-drafts/draft-ietf-opes-architecture-04, December 2002.		internet-drafts/draft-ietf-opes-architecture-04, December 2002.
			[9] A. Barbir et al., "OPES Treatment of IAB Considerations",
			Internet-Draft http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
			draft-ietf-opes-iab-01.txt, February 2004.
	Informative References		Informative References
	[9] Westerinen, A., Schnizlein, J., Strassner, J., Scherling, M.,		[10] Westerinen, A., Schnizlein, J., Strassner, J., Scherling, M.,
	Quinn, B., Herzog, S., Huynh, A., Carlson, M., Perry, J. and S.		Quinn, B., Herzog, S., Huynh, A., Carlson, M., Perry, J. and S.
	Waldbusser, "Terminology for Policy-Based Management", RFC		Waldbusser, "Terminology for Policy-Based Management", RFC
	3198, November 2001.		3198, November 2001.
	[10] L. Cranor, et. al, "The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0		[11] L. Cranor, et. al, "The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0
	(P3P1.0) Specification", W3C Recommendation 16 http://		(P3P1.0) Specification", W3C Recommendation 16 http://
	www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-P3P-20020416/ , April 2002.		www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-P3P-20020416/ , April 2002.
	[11] "Hit Metering", RFC .		[12] "Hit Metering", RFC .
	Author's Address		Author's Address
	Abbie Barbir		Abbie Barbir
	Nortel Networks		Nortel Networks
	3500 Carling Avenue		3500 Carling Avenue
	Nepean, Ontario K2H 8E9		Nepean, Ontario K2H 8E9
	Canada		Canada
	Phone: +1 613 763 5229		Phone: +1 613 763 5229
End of changes.
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