--- 1/draft-ietf-regext-rdap-object-tag-01.txt 2018-04-27 06:13:22.637984292 -0700 +++ 2/draft-ietf-regext-rdap-object-tag-02.txt 2018-04-27 06:13:22.709985994 -0700 @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ Registration Protocols Extensions S. Hollenbeck Internet-Draft Verisign Labs Updates: 7484 (if approved) A. Newton Intended status: Best Current Practice ARIN -Expires: September 27, 2018 March 26, 2018 +Expires: October 29, 2018 April 27, 2018 Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Object Tagging - draft-ietf-regext-rdap-object-tag-01 + draft-ietf-regext-rdap-object-tag-02 Abstract The Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) includes a method that can be used to identify the authoritative server for processing domain name, IP address, and autonomous system number queries. The method does not describe how to identify the authoritative server for processing other RDAP query types, such as entity queries. This limitation exists because the identifiers associated with these query - types are typically unstructured. This document describes an - operational practice that can be used to add structure to RDAP - identifiers that makes it possible to identify the authoritative - server for additional RDAP queries. + types are typically unstructured. This document updates RFC 7484 by + describing an operational practice that can be used to add structure + to RDAP identifiers that makes it possible to identify the + authoritative server for additional RDAP queries. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." - This Internet-Draft will expire on September 27, 2018. + This Internet-Draft will expire on October 29, 2018. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents @@ -52,33 +52,34 @@ include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Object Naming Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Bootstrap Service Registry for RDAP Service Providers . . . . 8 3.1. Registration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 4.1. Bootstrap Service Registry for RDAP Service Providers . . 9 - 5. Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 5.1. Verisign Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 5.2. OpenRDAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 8.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - Appendix A. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 4. RDAP Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 + 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 5.1. Bootstrap Service Registry for RDAP Service Providers . . 10 + 5.2. RDAP Extensions Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 6. Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 6.1. Verisign Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 6.2. OpenRDAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + Appendix A. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. Introduction The Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) includes a method ([RFC7484]) that can be used to identify the authoritative server for processing domain name, IP address, and autonomous system number (ASN) queries. This method works because each of these data elements is structured in a way that facilitates automated parsing of the element and association of the data element with a particular RDAP service provider. For example, domain names include labels (such as @@ -89,66 +90,72 @@ describe how to identify the authoritative server for processing entity queries, name server queries, help queries, or queries using certain search patterns. This limitation exists because the identifiers bound to these queries are typically not structured in a way that makes it easy to associate an identifier with a specific service provider. This document describes an operational practice that can be used to add structure to RDAP identifiers that makes it possible to identify the authoritative server for additional RDAP queries. + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and + "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP + 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all + capitals, as shown here. + 2. Object Naming Practice Tagging object identifiers with a service provider tag makes it possible to identify the authoritative server for processing an RDAP query using the method described in RFC 7484 [RFC7484]. A service - provider tag is constructed by prepending the Unicode TILDE character - "~" (U+007E, described as an "unreserved" character in RFC 3986 - [RFC3986]) to an IANA-registered value that represents the service - provider. For example, a tag for a service provider identified by - the string value "ARIN" is represented as "~ARIN". + provider tag is constructed by prepending the Unicode HYPHEN-MINUS + character "-" (U+002D, described as an "unreserved" character in RFC + 3986 [RFC3986]) to an IANA-registered value that represents the + service provider. For example, a tag for a service provider + identified by the string value "ARIN" is represented as "-ARIN". Service provider tags are concatenated to the end of RDAP query object identifiers to unambiguously identify the authoritative server for processing an RDAP query. Building on the example from Section 3.1.5 of RFC 7482 [RFC7482], an RDAP entity handle can be constructed that allows an RDAP client to bootstrap an entity query. The following identifier is used to find information for the entity associated with handle "XXXX" at service provider "ARIN": - XXXX~ARIN + XXXX-ARIN Clients that wish to bootstrap an entity query can parse this identifier into distinct handle and service provider identifier - elements. Handles can themselves contain TILDE characters; the - service provider identifier is found following the last TILDE - character in the tagged identifier. The service provider identifier - is used to retrieve a base RDAP URL from an IANA registry. The base - URL and entity handle are then used to form a complete RDAP query - path segment. For example, if the base RDAP URL + elements. Handles can themselves contain HYPHEN-MINUS characters; + the service provider identifier is found following the last HYPHEN- + MINUS character in the tagged identifier. The service provider + identifier is used to retrieve a base RDAP URL from an IANA registry. + The base URL and entity handle are then used to form a complete RDAP + query path segment. For example, if the base RDAP URL "https://example.com/rdap/" is associated with service provider "YYYY" in an IANA registry, an RDAP client will parse a tagged entity - identifier "XXXX~YYYY" into distinct handle ("XXXX") and service + identifier "XXXX-YYYY" into distinct handle ("XXXX") and service provider ("YYYY") identifiers. The service provider identifier "YYYY" is used to query an IANA registry to retrieve the base RDAP URL "https://example.com/rdap/". The base RDAP URL is concatenated to the entity handle to create a complete RDAP query path segment of - "https://example.com/rdap/entity/XXXX~YYYY". + "https://example.com/rdap/entity/XXXX-YYYY". Implementation of this practice requires tagging of unstructured potential query identifiers in RDAP responses. Consider these elided examples from Section 5.3 of RFC 7483 [RFC7483] in which the handle identifiers have been tagged with a service provider tag: { "objectClassName" : "domain", - "handle" : "XXXX~RIR", + "handle" : "XXXX-RIR", "ldhName" : "0.2.192.in-addr.arpa", "nameservers" : [ ... ], "secureDNS": { ... }, "remarks" : @@ -160,21 +167,21 @@ ... ], "events" : [ ... ], "entities" : [ { "objectClassName" : "entity", - "handle" : "XXXX~RIR", + "handle" : "XXXX-RIR", "vcardArray": [ ... ], "roles" : [ "registrant" ], "remarks" : [ ... ], "links" : @@ -175,68 +182,70 @@ "roles" : [ "registrant" ], "remarks" : [ ... ], "links" : [ ... ], "events" : + [ ... ] } ], "network" : { "objectClassName" : "ip network", - "handle" : "XXXX~RIR", + "handle" : "XXXX-RIR", "startAddress" : "192.0.2.0", "endAddress" : "192.0.2.255", "ipVersion" : "v4", "name": "NET-RTR-1", "type" : "DIRECT ALLOCATION", "country" : "AU", - "parentHandle" : "YYYY~RIR", + "parentHandle" : "YYYY-RIR", "status" : [ "active" ] } } Figure 1 { "objectClassName" : "domain", - "handle" : "XXXX~DNR", + "handle" : "XXXX-DNR", "ldhName" : "xn--fo-5ja.example", "unicodeName" : "foo.example", "variants" : [ ... ], "status" : [ "locked", "transfer prohibited" ], "publicIds": [ ... ], "nameservers" : [ { "objectClassName" : "nameserver", - "handle" : "XXXX~DNR", + "handle" : "XXXX-DNR", "ldhName" : "ns1.example.com", "status" : [ "active" ], "ipAddresses" : { ... }, "remarks" : + [ ... ], "links" : [ ... ], "events" : [ ... @@ -237,21 +246,21 @@ [ ... ], "events" : [ ... ] }, { "objectClassName" : "nameserver", - "handle" : "XXXX~DNR", + "handle" : "XXXX-DNR", "ldhName" : "ns2.example.com", "status" : [ "active" ], "ipAddresses" : { ... }, "remarks" : [ ... ], @@ -279,21 +288,21 @@ ], "port43" : "whois.example.net", "events" : [ ... ], "entities" : [ { "objectClassName" : "entity", - "handle" : "XXXX~ABC", + "handle" : "XXXX-ABC", "vcardArray": [ ... ], "status" : [ "validated", "locked" ], "roles" : [ "registrant" ], "remarks" : [ ... ], @@ -310,46 +319,45 @@ } Figure 2 As described in Section 5 of RFC 7483 [RFC7483], RDAP responses can contain "self" links. Service provider tags and self references SHOULD be consistent. If they are inconsistent, the service provider tag is processed with higher priority when using these values to identify a service provider. - There is a risk of unpredictable processing behavior if the TILDE - character is used for naturally occurring, non-separator purposes in - an entity handle. This could lead to a client mistakenly assuming - that a TILDE character represents a separator and the text that - follows TILDE is a service provider identifier. A client that - queries the IANA registry for what they assume is a valid service - provider will likely receive an unexpected invalid result. As a - consequence, the TILDE character MUST NOT be used in an entity handle - for any purpose other than to separate an object identifier from a - service provider tag. + There is a risk of unpredictable processing behavior if the HYPHEN- + MINUS character is used for naturally occurring, non-separator + purposes in an entity handle. This could lead to a client mistakenly + assuming that a HYPHEN-MINUS character represents a separator and the + text that follows HYPHEN-MINUS is a service provider identifier. A + client that queries the IANA registry for what they assume is a valid + service provider will likely receive an unexpected, invalid result. + As a consequence, use of the HYPHEN-MINUS character as a service + provider tag separator MUST be noted by adding rdapConformance value + to query responses as described in Section 4. - The TILDE character was chosen as a separator for two reasons: 1) to - avoid collisions with characters that are commonly found in entity - handles, and 2) to avoid collisons with URI-reserved characters. The - list of unreserved characters specified in Section 2.3 of RFC 3986 - [RFC3986] provided multiple options for consideration as follows: + The HYPHEN-MINUS character was chosen as a separator for two reasons: + 1) it is a familiar separator character in operational use, and 2) it + avoids collision with URI-reserved characters. The list of + unreserved characters specified in Section 2.3 of RFC 3986 [RFC3986] + provided multiple options for consideration: unreserved = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~" ALPHA and DIGIT characters were excluded because they are commonly - used in entity handles. The "-" (HYPHEN MINUS, U+002D) and "_" (LOW - LINE, U+005F) characters were also excluded as a result of being - observed in current operational use. The TILDE character was chosen - over the "." (FULL STOP, U+002E) character due to the authors' - belief that it is less likely to be in use in entity handles as of - the time of this writing. + used in entity handles for non-separator purposes. HYPHEN-MINUS is + commonly used as a separator and recognition of this practice will + reduce implementation requirements and operational risk. The + remaining characters were excluded because they are not broadly used + as separators in entity handles. 3. Bootstrap Service Registry for RDAP Service Providers The bootstrap service registry for the RDAP service provider space is represented using the structure specified in Section 3 of RFC 7484 [RFC7484]. The JSON output of this registry contains alphanumeric identifiers that identify RDAP service providers, grouped by base RDAP URLs, as shown in this example. { @@ -374,51 +382,81 @@ [ "https://example.net/rdap/", "http://example.net/rdap/" ] ] ] } Figure 3 - Alphanumeric service provider identifiers conform to the syntax - specified in the IANA registry of Extensible Provisioning Protocol - (EPP) Repository Identifiers [1]. + Alphanumeric service provider identifiers conform to the suffix + portion ("\w{1,8}") of the "roidType" syntax specified in Section 4.2 + of RFC 5730 [RFC5730]. 3.1. Registration Procedure The service provider registry is populated using the "First Come - First Served" policy defined in RFC 5226 [RFC5226]. Provider + First Served" policy defined in RFC 8126 [RFC8126]. Provider identifier values can be derived and assigned by IANA on request. Registration requests include the requested service provider identifier (or an indication that IANA should assign an identifier) and one or more base RDAP URLs to be associated with the service provider identifier. -4. IANA Considerations +4. RDAP Conformance + + RDAP responses that contain values described in this document MUST + indicate conformance with this specification by including an + rdapConformance ([RFC7483]) value of "rdap_objectTag_level_0". The + information needed to register this value in the RDAP Extensions + Registry is described in Section 5.2. + + Example rdapConformance structure with extension specified: + + "rdapConformance" : + [ + "rdap_level_0", + "rdap_objectTag_level_0" + ] + + Figure 4 + +5. IANA Considerations IANA is requested to create the RDAP Bootstrap Services Registry listed below and make it available as JSON objects. The contents of this registry is described in Section 3, with the formal syntax specified in Section 10 of RFC 7484 [RFC7484]. -4.1. Bootstrap Service Registry for RDAP Service Providers +5.1. Bootstrap Service Registry for RDAP Service Providers Entries in this registry contain at least the following: o An alphanumeric value that identifies the RDAP service provider being registered. o One or more URLs that provide the RDAP service regarding this registration. -5. Implementation Status +5.2. RDAP Extensions Registry + + IANA is requested to register the following value in the RDAP + Extensions Registry: + + Extension identifier: rdap_objectTag + Registry operator: Any + Published specification: This document. + Contact: IESG + Intended usage: This extension describes a best practice for + structuring entity identifiers to enable query bootstrapping. + +6. Implementation Status NOTE: Please remove this section and the reference to RFC 7942 prior to publication as an RFC. This section records the status of known implementations of the protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in RFC 7942 [RFC7942]. The description of implementations in this section is intended to assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to RFCs. Please note that the listing of any individual @@ -429,82 +467,95 @@ implementations or their features. Readers are advised to note that other implementations may exist. According to RFC 7942, "this will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature. It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as they see fit". -5.1. Verisign Labs +6.1. Verisign Labs Responsible Organization: Verisign Labs Location: https://rdap.verisignlabs.com/ Description: This implementation includes support for domain registry RDAP queries using live data from the .cc and .tv country code top-level domains. Client authentication is required to receive entity information in query responses. Level of Maturity: This is a "proof of concept" research implementation. Coverage: This implementation includes all of the features described in this specification. Contact Information: Scott Hollenbeck, shollenbeck@verisign.com -5.2. OpenRDAP +6.2. OpenRDAP Responsible Organization: OpenRDAP Location: https://www.openrdap.org Description: RDAP client implementing bootstrapping for entity handles with a service provider tag. A test Bootstrap Services Registry file is currently used in lieu of an official one. Level of Maturity: Alpha - Coverage: Implements draft 04+, supports the TILDE separator - character only. + Coverage: Implements draft 04+, supports the HYPHEN-MINUS + separator character only. Contact Information: Tom Harwood, tfh@skip.org -6. Security Considerations +7. Security Considerations This practice helps to ensure that end users will get RDAP data from an authoritative source using a bootstrap method to find authoritative RDAP servers, reducing the risk of sending queries to non-authoritative sources. The method has the same security properties as the RDAP protocols themselves. The transport used to access the IANA registries can be more secure by using TLS [RFC5246], which IANA supports. Additional considerations associated with RDAP are described in RFC 7481 [RFC7481]. -7. Acknowledgements +8. Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to the development of this document: Tom - Harrison, and Marcos Sanz. In addition, the authors would like to - recognize the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) operators (AFRINIC, - APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE) that have been implementing and using - the practice of tagging handle identifiers for several years. Their - experience provided significant inspiration for the development of - this document. + Harrison, Patrick Mevzek, and Marcos Sanz. In addition, the authors + would like to recognize the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) + operators (AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC, and RIPE) that have been + implementing and using the practice of tagging handle identifiers for + several years. Their experience provided significant inspiration for + the development of this document. -8. References +9. References -8.1. Normative References +9.1. Normative References - [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an - IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC 5226, - DOI 10.17487/RFC5226, May 2008, - . + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, + DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, + . + + [RFC5730] Hollenbeck, S., "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", + STD 69, RFC 5730, DOI 10.17487/RFC5730, August 2009, + . [RFC7484] Blanchet, M., "Finding the Authoritative Registration Data (RDAP) Service", RFC 7484, DOI 10.17487/RFC7484, March 2015, . -8.2. Informative References + [RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for + Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, + RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, + . + + [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC + 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, + May 2017, . + +9.2. Informative References [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005, . [RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008, . @@ -522,44 +573,45 @@ [RFC7483] Newton, A. and S. Hollenbeck, "JSON Responses for the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", RFC 7483, DOI 10.17487/RFC7483, March 2015, . [RFC7942] Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running Code: The Implementation Status Section", BCP 205, RFC 7942, DOI 10.17487/RFC7942, July 2016, . -8.3. URIs - - [1] http://www.iana.org/assignments/epp-repository-ids/epp- - repository-ids.xhtml#epp-repository-ids-1 - Appendix A. Change Log 00: Initial version. 01: Changed separator character from HYPHEN MINUS to COMMERCIAL AT. Added a recommendation to maintain consistency between service provider tags and "self" links (suggestion received from Tom Harrison). Fixed a spelling error, and corrected the network example in Section 2 (editorial erratum reported for RFC 7483 by Marcos Sanz). Added acknowledgements. 02: Changed separator character from COMMERCIAL AT to TILDE. Clarity updates and fixed an example handle. Added text to describe the risk of separator characters appearing naturally in entity handles and being misinterpreted as separator characters. - 03: Added Implementation Status section (Section 5). + 03: Added Implementation Status section (Section 6). 04: Keepalive refresh. - 05: Added OpenRDAP implementation information to Section 5. + 05: Added OpenRDAP implementation information to Section 6. + 00: Initial working group version. 01: Added text to describe why the TILDE character was chosen as the separator character. + 02: Nit fixes. Added rdapConformance text, switched back to HYPHEN + MINUS, and added IANA registration instructions per working group + last call discussion. Updated suffix syntax reference from the + IANA EPP ROID registry to RFC 5730 (which is what the IANA + registry references). Authors' Addresses Scott Hollenbeck Verisign Labs 12061 Bluemont Way Reston, VA 20190 USA Email: shollenbeck@verisign.com