--- 1/draft-ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs-01.txt 2008-07-14 14:13:29.000000000 +0200 +++ 2/draft-ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs-02.txt 2008-07-14 14:13:29.000000000 +0200 @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ Networking Working Group A. Brandt Internet Draft Zensys, Inc. Intended status: Informational G. Porcu Expires: January 2009 Telecom Italia - July 4, 2008 + July 14, 2008 Home Automation Routing Requirement in Low Power and Lossy Networks - draft-ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs-01 + draft-ietf-roll-home-routing-reqs-02 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering @@ -23,21 +23,21 @@ and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html - This Internet-Draft will expire on January 4, 2009. + This Internet-Draft will expire on January 14, 2009. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). Abstract This document presents home control and automation application specific requirements for ROuting in Low power and Lossy networks (ROLL). In a modern home, a high number of wireless devices are used @@ -58,41 +58,41 @@ 1. Terminology....................................................3 2. Introduction...................................................3 3. Home automation applications...................................4 3.1. Turning off the house when leaving........................4 3.2. Energy conservation and optimizing energy consumption.....5 3.3. Moving a remote control around............................5 3.4. Adding a new lamp module to the system....................6 3.5. Controlling battery operated window shades................6 3.6. Remote video surveillance.................................6 - 3.7. Healthcare................................................6 + 3.7. Healthcare................................................7 3.7.1. At-home health reporting.............................7 - 3.7.2. At-home health monitoring............................7 + 3.7.2. At-home health monitoring............................8 3.7.3. Healthcare routing considerations....................8 3.8. Alarm systems.............................................8 3.9. Battery-powered devices...................................9 4. Unique requirements of home automation applications............9 4.1. Support of groupcast......................................9 - 4.2. Constraint-based Routing..................................9 + 4.2. Constraint-based Routing.................................10 4.3. Support of Mobility......................................10 - 4.4. Support of Periodical Scanning...........................10 + 4.4. Support of Periodical Scanning...........................11 4.5. Scalability..............................................11 4.6. Convergence Time.........................................11 - 4.7. Manageability............................................11 - 5. Traffic Pattern...............................................11 - 6. Open issues...................................................12 - 7. Security Considerations.......................................12 + 4.7. Manageability............................................12 + 5. Traffic Pattern...............................................12 + 6. Open issues...................................................13 + 7. Security Considerations.......................................13 8. IANA Considerations...........................................13 9. Acknowledgments...............................................13 - 10. References...................................................13 - 10.1. Normative References....................................13 + 10. References...................................................14 + 10.1. Normative References....................................14 10.2. Informative References..................................14 Disclaimer of Validity...........................................15 1. Terminology ROLL: ROuting in Low-power and Lossy networks ROLL device: A ROLL network node with constrained CPU and memory resources; potentially constrained power resources. @@ -145,22 +145,22 @@ consumer-oriented. The implications on network nodes in this aspect, is that devices are very cost sensitive, which leads to resource- constrained environments having slow CPUs and small memory footprints. At the same time, nodes have to be physically small which puts a limit to the physical size of the battery; and thus, the battery capacity. As a result, it is common for low-power sensor- style nodes to shut down radio and CPU resources for most of the time. Often, the radio uses the same power for listening as for transmitting. - Section 3. describes a few typical use cases for home automation - applications. Section 4. discusses the routing requirements for + Section 3 describes a few typical use cases for home automation + applications. Section 4 discusses the routing requirements for networks comprising such constrained devices in a home network environment. These requirements may be overlapping requirements derived from other application-specific requirements. 3. Home automation applications Home automation applications represent a special segment of networked wireless devices with its unique set of requirements. To facilitate the requirements discussion in Section 4, this section lists a few typical use cases of home automation applications. New applications @@ -202,21 +202,25 @@ hours. The washing machine and dish washer may just as well work while power is cheap. The electric car should also charge its batteries on cheap power. In periods where electricity demands exceed available supply, appliances such as air conditioning, climate control systems, washing machines etc. can be turned off to avoid overloading the power grid. Wireless remote control of the household appliances is well-suited for this application. The start/stop decision for the appliances can be regulated by dynamic power pricing information obtained from the - electricity utility companies. + electricity utility companies. Moreover, in order to achieve + effective electricity savings, the energy monitoring application + running on the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) must guarantee that the + power consumption of the ROLL devices is much lower than that of the + appliance itself. Most of these applications are mains powered and are thus ideal for providing reliable, always-on routing resources. Battery-powered nodes, by comparison, are constrained routing resources and may only provide reliable routing under some circumstances. 3.3. Moving a remote control around A remote control is a typical example of a mobile device in a home automation network. An advanced remote control may be used for @@ -353,41 +357,59 @@ 3.8. Alarm systems A home security alarm system is comprised of various devices like vibration detectors, fire or carbon monoxide detection system, door or window contacts, glass-break detector, presence sensor, panic button, home security key. Some smoke alarms are battery powered and at the same time mounted in a high place. Battery-powered safety devices should only be used for - routing if no other alternatives exist. A smoke alarm with a drained - battery does not provide a lot of safety. Also, it may be - inconvenient to exchange battery in a smoke alarm. Finally, routing - via battery-powered nodes may be very slow if they are sleeping most - of the time. - All of the above-mentioned reasons suggest that routing should be - avoided via this category of devices. + routing if no other alternatives exist to avoid draining the battery. + A smoke alarm with a drained battery does not provide a lot of + safety. Also, it may be inconvenient to exchange battery in a smoke + alarm. - A plethora of applications could be developed for home alarm system: - most of them, most of the time, have prevention and monitoring - activity in which routing requirements are deterministic, but all of - them have an alarm state in which nodes may burst an aperiodic alarm. + Alarm system applications may have both a synchronous and an + asynchronous behavior; i.e. they may be periodically queried by a + central control application (e.g. for a periodical refreshment of the + network state), or send a message to the control application on their + own initiative basing upon the status of the environment they + monitor. + + When a node (or a group of nodes) identifies a risk situation (e.g. + intrusion, smoke, fire), it sends an alarm message to the control + centre that could autonomously forward it via Internet or interact + with the WSN (e.g. trying to obtain more detailed information or + asking to other nodes close to the alarm event). Alarm messages + have, obviously, strict low-latency requirements. + + Finally, routing via battery-powered nodes may be very slowly + reacting if the nodes are sleeping most of the time (they could + appear unresponsive to the alarm detection). To ensure fast message + delivery and avoid battery drain, routing should be avoided via this + category of devices. 3.9. Battery-powered devices For convenience and low operational costs, power consumption of consumer products must be kept at a very low level to achieve a long battery lifetime. One implication of this fact is that RAM memory is limited and it may even be powered down; leaving only a few 100 bytes of RAM alive during the sleep phase. + The use of battery powered devices reduces installation costs and + does enable installation of devices even where main power lines are + not available. On the other hand, in order to be cost effective and + efficient, the devices have to maximize the sleep phase with a duty + cycle lower than 10%. + 4. Unique requirements of home automation applications Home automation applications have a number of specific requirements related to the set of home networking applications and the perceived operation of the system. 4.1. Support of groupcast Groupcast, in the context of home automation, is defined as the ability to simultaneously transmit a message to a group of recipients @@ -566,22 +588,23 @@ Protection against unintentional inclusion in neighboring networks must be provided. Providing confidentiality, integrity and authentication against malicious opponents is optional. 8. IANA Considerations This document includes no request to IANA. 9. Acknowledgments - J. P. Vasseur, Jonathan Hui, Eunsook "Eunah" Kim and Mischa Dohler - are gratefully acknowledged for their contributions to this document. + J. P. Vasseur, Jonathan Hui, Eunsook "Eunah" Kim, Mischa Dohler and + Massimo Maggiorotti are gratefully acknowledged for their + contributions to this document. This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. @@ -596,21 +619,21 @@ Denmark Email: abr@zen-sys.com Giorgio Porcu Telecom Italia Piazza degli Affari, 2 20123 Milan Italy - Email: giorgio.porcu@telecomitalia.it + Email: giorgio.porcu@guest.telecomitalia.it Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be